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I 


'  -! 


THE  INVASION  OF  CANADA  IN  1776: 


INCLUDING  THE 


^smml  of  Captain  Simeon  C|a|tr, 


DESCRIBING  THE 


PERILS  AND  SUFFERINGS 


OF  TUB 


1 


AMY  UNDER  COLONEL  BENEDICT  ARNOLD, 


IN  ITS  MABCU 


THROUGH  THE  WILDERNESS  TO  QUEBEC: 


With  ITotes  and  Appendiii 


By    EDWIN    MARTIN    STONE. 


PROVIDENCE: 
KMOWLBS,    ANTHONT    A    00.,    PBIKTBBS. 
1867. 


PREFACE. 


HE  JOURNAL  of  Captain  Simeon  Thayer  makes  no 
pretension  to  literary  merit.  It  was  written,  doubtless,  to 
keep  fresh  in  the  memory  of  the  author  the  facts  of  his 
poreonal  experience  during  his  march  through  the  wilder- 
ness to  Quebec,  as  well  as  of  his  confinement  while  pris- 
oner of  war,  without  expectation  of  its  ever  appearing  in 
print.  It  is  here  reproduced  as  it  stands  in  the  original, 
without  any  change  of  capital  letters  or  of  orthoi;raphy, 
and  with  only  such  added  punctuation  as  was  thought 
necessary  to  render  clear  the  meaning  of  the  text.  For 
this  reason  a  number  of  words  will  be  found  incorrectly  spelled.  The  Intro- 
duction, Notes  and  Appendix,  are  the  results  of  extensive  research.  The 
first  is  prefixed,  and  the  latter  are  ac'ded,  to  give  completeness  to  the  story 
of  one  of  the  most  daring  and  important  military  enterprises  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary War.  A  Bibliography  of  the  Journals  published  on  the  subject,  so 
far  as  is  known,  and  also  a  list  of  works  which  treat  more  or  less  fully  upon 
the  Invasion  of  Canada,  is  herewith  annexed  —  the  iirst  that  has  ever 
been  attempted — for  the  convenience  cf  students  of  this  portion  of  American 
history.  Possibly  some  Journals  of  "  Arnold's  Expedition  "  have  been  pub- 
lished that  have  escaped  attention,  and  it  is  by  no  means  certain  that  the  list 
of  reference  works  is  complete.  Additions  under  either  of  these  heads  are 
earnestly  solicited,  and  will  be  gratefully  acknowledged.  For  facts  and  docu- 
ments communicated  to  the  editor  of  the  Journal,  special  thanks  are  ten- 
dered to  Samuel  G.  Drake,  Esq.,  of  Boston  ;  Rev.  Richard  Eddy,  Librarian 
Pennsylvania  Histoiical  Society;  lion.  M.  H.  Taggart,  State  Treasurer, 
Pennsylvania ;  Henry  T.  Drowne,  Esq.,  New  York  ;  George  H.  Moore, 
Esq.,  Librarian  New  York  Historical  Society ;  Richard  R.  Ward,  Esti., 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ;  Charles  J.  Hoadly,  Esq.,  Secretary  Connecticut  Histori- 
cal Society ;  John  G.  Metcalf,  M.  I).,  Mendon,  Mass. ;  Simon  Henry  Greene, 
Esq.,  River  Point,  R.  I.  ;  Uavid  King,  M.  D.,  Newport,  R.  I. ;  William  W. 
Burr,  Stephen  T.  Olney,  and  Crawford  Allen,  Esqs.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

E.  M.  8. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  January  19,  1867. 


r 


WORKS  RELATING  TO  THE  INVASION  OF  CANADA. 


Arnold's  Jornif  ai-.  Colonel  Uenodlct  Arnold  kept  a  Joui-nal  of  his  expedition.  It  was 
left  by  him  at  West  Point,  when  he  fled  on  Iiearing  of  the  capture  of  Andre,  and  was 
found  among  his  papers  by  Judjie  I'ierpont  Kdwards,  of  Connecticut,  who  was  appointed 
to  administer  upon  the  goods  and  estate  of  Arnold,  his  treason  making  him  dead  in  law. 
The  Manuscript  was  in  e.xi.stence  in  1835,  thougli  in  rather  a  dilapidated  state.  Xho  wri- 
ting was  in  the  middle  style  between  copy  and  running  hnnd.  Extracts  from  this  Jour- 
nal were  published  in  the  appendix  to  the  Life  of  Uurr,  by  f^amuel  L.  Knap)),  1836, 
beginning  Sept.  27,  and  ending  Oct.  30,  1775.  They  confirm  the  accuracy  of  the  state- 
ments in  Orpt.  Thayer's  Journal,  but  throw  no  additional  light  upon  the  history  of  the 
expedition. 

MrCoY'H  Journal.  Judge  Henry  states  that  Sergeant  'William  McCoy,  of  Captain  Hen- 
dricks' comjiany,  while  in  confinement  in  (juebec,  gave  to  Major  Mur])hy,  of  tlie  British 
Garrison,  a  correct  copy  of  a  Journal  kept  by  himself  through  the  wilderness.  Whether 
it  was  carried  to  England,  is  not  known.  It  probably  was  never  published.  Possibly  it 
may  be  in  existence. 

FRKtfcri  JoruxAi.s.  John  (J.  .Shea,  Ksq.,  of  New  York,  brought  from  Canada  two  Jour- 
nals in  Manuscrii)t,  written  respectively  by  French  Notaries;  om-  at  (Quebec,  and  the 
other  at  Three  lUvers,  ''about  thf  InraKton  nf  the  Jloatontiais."  The  word  Ilnslonnaia 
wos  a  designation  intended  to  apply  to  nearly  all  New  England.  The  word  was  found 
by  rjeorge  tiibbs  in  the  (.'hinook  Jargon  in  Oregon,  and  he  could  not  account  for  it.  Tlie 
titles  of  the  two  French  Journals,  however,  explain  it.  In  Indian,  JVastmirnnnn:  W 
being  substituted  for  the  li  amongst  the  Indians. 

An  AcciTUA-.E  ANH  iNTKitKSTiNo  AccorNT  of  the  hardships  and  sufferings  of  that  nand 
of  Heroes,  who  traversed  the  Wilderness  in  the  Campa  gn  against  Quebec,  in  1775.  Hy 
John  Jos<>pli  Henry,  Es((.  Late  President  of  the  Second  Judicial  District  of  Pennsylva- 
nia.   Lancaster:  Printed  by  William  Cireer,  1812.    pp.  228,  small  12mo. 

The  Sa.mk  — LinuAuv  Epition.  Camimign  against  Quel)ec,  |  being  |  on  accurate  and 
interesting  account  |  of  the  |  Hardships  ind  Sufferings  |  of  tliat  |  Uam)  of  Hkkokh  | 
wlio  traversed  the  Wilderness  |  by  the  route  of  the  Kennebec  and  Chaudiere  Uivers  (  to 
tiuebec,  in  tlie  year  1775.  |  Uy  John  Joseph  Henry  .  I'^t].  |  Late  President  i.f  the  second 
Judicial  Olst.'ict  in  Pennsylvania.  |  Uevised  edition,  wivh  corn-ctions  and  alterations.  | 
Watertown,  N.  Y.  |  Printed  and  Published  by  Knowlton  k  Rice,  |  \ni.  |  pp.  212,  lOmo. 
(Sketch  ol  the  Life  of  A.-nold  copied  mainly  from  .Sparks'  Itiography,  at  tlie  end  of  the 
second  edition  in  place  of  notes  in  the  first  edition.] 

Hkth'h  Jouunal.  Lieutenant  [afterwards  Colonel]  William  Ileth,  2d,  kept  a  Journal  of 
Arnold's  Expedition,  which  is  ri'ferred  to  in  Marshall's  Life  of  Washington,  Vol.  I.,  pp. 
63,  57,  second  ediiion.    it  is  thought  to  havo  bwn  published  in  Virginia. 

A  J(i0UN.\i,  (if  the  hnrdships  and  jirivalious  endured  by  the  troops  in  this  e.xpedltion  wa.'* 
kept  by  Calel)  Hask(!ll,  of  NewUuryport,  Mass.,  a  private  in  Capt.  Ward's  company,  but 
WBh  never  published. 

LiBTTKRH  of  Colonel,  generally  knonm  at  Major  Uenry  Caldwell,  written  on  board  the 
Hunter,  British  armed  vessel,  relate  particularly  to  the  attack  on  Quebec. 


WORKS  RELATING  TO  THE  INVASION  OF  CANADA. 


V. 


A  JotTnNAL  OF  THE  EXPEDITION  TO  QuEBKC,  in  the  ypBr  1775,  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  Benedict  Arnold.  By  James  Melvin,  a  private  in  Captain  Dearborn's  company. 
New  York :  1857.  With  Introductory  Remarks  and  Notes  by  W.  J.  D.  Large  8vo,  tinted 
paper:  pp.30.  100  copie.?  only  printed. 

This  Journal  commences  at  Cambridge,  Sept.  13,  1775,  and  terminates  at  Quebec,  Aug. 
5, 1770.  It  was  edited  by  William  J.  Davis,  Esq.,  late  private  Secretary  of  lion.  George 
Bancroft.  Of  the  author  nothing  is  known  Ueyond  the  statement  made  in  the  title  page. 
W.  J.  D.  says,  "The  style  of  the  composition,  and  exceedingly  neat  penmanship  of  the 
Journal,  is  strong  evidence,  however,  that  he  possessed,  for  the  times,  considerable  edu- 
cation." The  Journal,  as  a  contribution  to  the  history  of  Arnold's  Expedition,  is  of  great 
value. 

The  Same,  with  Introduction  and  copious  Notes,  printed  for  the  Franklin  Club,  Philadel- 
phia, 186i.    100  copies  8vo. ;  20  quarto. 

Joi'iiNAL  OK  TiiK  Expedition  against  Queiiko,  under  command  of  Colonel  Benedict 
Arnold,  in  the  year  1775,  by  Major  Koturn  J.  Meigs,  with  Introduction  and  Notes  by 
Charles  J.  Bushnell.  New  York:  I'rivatoly  printed,  1804.  8vo.  tine  tinted  paper,  with 
portrait  of  Colonel  Christopher  Greene,    pp.  57. 

This  Journal  begins  .Sept.  9,  at  Uoxbury,  and  closes  at  Quebec,  January  1, 1776.  The 
Notes  are  full  and  valuable.  'I'he  Journal  was  printed  in  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Collections,  Sec  md  Series,  Vol.  II. 

Manusciiiptr  pel.vtino  to  the  E/  uly  History  op  Canada.  I'ublished  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Literary  and  Historical  Society  of  Quebec.  Quebec:  I'rinted  by  Middle- 
town  and  Davis,  Shaw's  Kuilding,  1866. 

The  Jouknai,  of  Isaac  Senteu,  I'hysician  and  Surgeon  to  the  troops  detached  from  the 
American  Army  encamped  at  Cambridge,  Mass. ,  on  a  Secret  Expedition  against  Quebec, 
under  the  command  of  Colonel  Benedict  Arnold,  in  Sejitflmber,  1775.  I'hiladelphia: 
I'ublished  by  the  Historical  Society  of  I'ennsylvania,  1S40.  To  this  edition  is  prefixed  a 
brief  notice  of  the  Manuscript  of  the  Journal,  and  a  biographical  preface.  A  few  notes 
of  reference  are  added. 

This  Journal  was  carried  to  Philadelphia,  where  it  was  lost  sight  of  for  many  years, 
and  llnally  came  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  Lewis  Koper,  of  that  city,  whose  perception  of  its 
importance  induced  him  to  communicate  it  to  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society.  It 
commences  at  Cambridge,  September  13th,  1775,  and  closes  at  (Quebec,  January  6, 1776. 
The  position  of  Dr.  Senter  in  the  Exjiodition  imparts  to  it  a  special  value. 

JounNAi-  OK  Captain  Simeon  Thayich,  describing  the  perils  and  sufferings  endured  by 
Arnold'?  d,>tai!liment  in  their  march  through  the  Wilderne.ss  of  Maine  and  Canada  to 
Quebec  in  1775.    Now  llrs,,  printed. 

Captain  John  Topham's  Journal  of  the  Expedition  to  tiuebec,  through  the  Wilderness 
of  Maine,  In  September,  October  and  November,  1775.    Not  published. 

The  first  part  of  this  .fournal  has  been  unfortunately  lost  by  being  worn  off  by  use  and 
careless  handling.  It  commences  sometime  before  the '20th  September,  but  in  its  present 
dilapidated  state,  the  legible  ])art  begins  October  6,  1775.  The  last  part  is  gone,  and  the 
manuscript  ends  at  a  time  while  Captain  Topham  was  still  a  prisoner  at  Quebec.  The 
Journal  is  in  the  possession  of  David  King,  M.  D.,  of  Newport,  U.  I. 

A  Journal  ok  a  March  »rom  Cam»iiid(ib  on  an  Expedition  against  Quebec,  in  Col. 
Beuv^'dict  Arnold's  Detachment,  Sejit,  13,  1775.  Kept  by  .(oseph  Ware,  of  Needham,  Mass. 
Published  in  the  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Kegister,  Vol.  VI.,1852,  with 
Notfs  by  Justin  Winsor,  of  Boston. 

The  author  was  a  private  in  Captain  Samuel  Ward's  company.  The  Journal  is  one  of 
the  most  valuable  that  have  been  printed. 

Arnold's  History  of  lUiode  Island,  Vol.  II. 
Allen's  Biographical  Dictionary. 
Annual  Kegister,  Liondon,  1776. 
Amwell's  History. 
American  Archives,  6th  Series. 
UoBWOrth'8  History  of  Montreal, 


m. 


WORKS  KELAHNG  TO  THE  INVASION  OF  CANADA. 

Bancroft'.  History  of  the  United  States,  Vol.  VIII. 
rS^S":."C:rKe.ini.ce„cesoftHeKevol„tio„.l^^ 

Connecticut  State  rapors-War. 

Uunlap'H  History  of  New  York  \  ol  II. 

Davis's  Memoirs  of  Aaron  Burr,  Vol.  I. 

Gordon's  American  Kevolution,  Vols.  1  and  II. 

Uawkins' I'icture  of  (Quebec. 

Holt's  Taper,  New  York.  „     .  ,„ 

Historical  and  (genealogical  Register,  Boston. 

Kr.app'8  Life  of  Aaron  Burr.        ^,        ,.      „ 

Life  of  Ethan  Allen,  or  "  Allen's  Narrative. 

Life  of  Richard  Montgomery. 

Life  of  Benedict  Aniold. 

Life  of  General  Daniel  Morgan. 

J  ife  and  Corn  spondenre  of  Joseph  Reed. 

ill;  :;;d  rimes 'of  ..en.  .lohn  Lamh,  by  l.aac  Q.  Leake. 

Lossing's  Fiel.l  Hook  of  the  IJevolut.on   Vol   I. 

M'line  Historical  Society's  Collections,  \  ol.  I. 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society's  Collections,  2d  .or.es. 

Madame  De  Ueidesel's  .lournal. 

Marshall's  Life  of  Washington. 

I'arton's  Lift;  of  Aaron  Burr. 

relerson's  History  of  Rhode  Island. 

rrovidonco  (Ja/.ette  and  country  .lonrnal,  1, .6. 

Palmer's  History  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Rcmembriincer. 

Kogers' Biographical  Dictionary. 

SilLan's  tour  bet>veen  Hartford  and  Quebec,  1819. 

Trumbull's  Reminisceneos  of  his  own  limes. 

Thatchers  Military  Journal. 

Writings  of  Washington,  Vol.  m. 

Wilkinson's  Memoirs,  Vol.  1- 

Wpjren'a  History  of  the  American  Ue-olution. 


<^'\ 

^«,-?., 


'^^■/iSS''^ 


*2^ 


ADDEND.^  TO  WORKS  ON  THE  IN'VASION  OF  CANADA. 


DEAUUonN's  JouKNAL.    It  13  uudurstood  that  Cajitain  Honry  Dearborn  kept  a  Journ 
of  his  march  through  the  wildernesa,  and  of  his  experiences  Mhile  a  prisoner  at  Quebec 
but  it  is  aot  known  to  Iiave  been  printed. 

His-TORY  ov  Canada,  by  Andrew  Bell,  2  vols. 

HoLLiSTEK'B  Ilistory  of  Connecticut. 

Irving 's  Life  of  Washington  contains  several  chaptera  relating  to  the  Invasion  of  Can- 
ada, and  some  references. 

Journals  of  Conouksh.  The  Journals  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Continental  Con- 
gress, in  1776,  contain  interesting  facts  relating  to  the  Invasi'in  of  Canada.  The  volumes 
for  1775  and  1776  should  not  be  overlooked  by  the  historical  student. 

JouuNAi.  of  Madaraii  Do  Kcidesel,  translated  by  William  L  Stone.  This  new  trans- 
lation gives  tho  portions  of  the  Journal  hitherto  suiiprossed,  touching  American  Slavery. 

Journal,  (MS.)  kept  at  Three  llivers  in  1775 — G,  by  M.  IJadeux,  a  Royalist  Notary. 

Journal  kept  during  the  seige  of  Fort  St.  John,  by  one  of  its  defenders,  (M.  Antoino 
Foucher.) 

Journal,  (MS.)  of  Sanguinet,  a  lUoutreal  Barrister. 

Two  of  the  above  Journals  have  already  been  referred  to  p.  iv,  under  the  head  ol 
"French  Journuls." 

Mkmoires  dk  Sanguinet.    (MS.) 

Morgan's  Sketches  of  celebrated  Canadians. 

rEiitcK's  Jo'ntNAL.  Of  this  Journal  and  its  author,  Charles  Congdon,  Esq.,  Treasurer 
of  the  Bradford  Club,*  in  New  York,  ha^  kindly  communicated  the  following  i)articulars  : 
It  is  a  closely  written  manuscript,  cont;.ini:ig  the  daily  occurrences  from  September  8th, 
1775,  to  January  lOth,  1776.  The  first  leaf,  and  se''eral  leaves  at  the  end,  are  unfortunately 
wanting.  Tlie  author,  John  I'eirce,  was  of  Worcester,  Mass.  He  belonged  to  the  contin- 
gent,  and  as  Engineer  and  Surveyor  was  attached  to  one  of  the  jiarties  nnntioued  by 
Meigs  and  ileniy,  as  being  sent  forward  from  Fort  Western  to  establish  tht  bearings  of 
the  route  through  the  wilderness.  This  Journal,  it  is  believed,  has  not  hitherto  been 
known  to  any  ol  our  historians. 

Seuowick's  Ilistory  of  Sharon. 

Statement  of  the  Expedition  to  Canada,  &c.  By  Lieut.  (Jen.  Burgoyne.  Six 
maps.    Quarto,  untrimmed,  boards,  1780.    Octavo,  bound,  second  edition,  1780. 


Acknowledgments.    Inthcacknowledgmentsof  courtesies,  the  names  of  a.  W  Green,     ^ 
Esq.,  Librarian  of  the  New  York  Mercanti!*;  Library  Association,  and  of  Frauds  Lawton, 
Esq.,  Newport,  U.  I.,  should  have  been  included. 

Errata.  I'reface.  The  residence  of  Kichard  H.  Ward,  Esq.,  is  New  York.  The  middle 
initial  in  Mr.  Bushnell's  name  should  be  I. 

•The  publications  of  the  Br  Ai>FonD  Clt'Ij  have  reached  six  in  number,  the  first  being 
"  Hatfield  and  Deorfield."  and  all  in  the  highest  style  of  art.  One  hundred  copies  only  of 
Melvin's  Journal  were  printed  for  the  Club. 


I, 


li 


s»n 


INTRODUCTION. 


INVASION  OF  CANADA. 


!*HEN,  early  in  1775,  a  breach  with  the  Mother  Country  seemed 
inevitable,  and  far-sighted  men  like  the  Adamses,  Samuel 
Ward  and  Patrick  Henry,  perceived  in  the  events  of  the 
hour  the  embryo  of  an  Independent  Nation,  the  leaders  of 
popular  rights  cast  about  for  lielp  to  strengthen  their  plans 
when  they  should  be  developed  in  jiositive  action.  They  nat- 
urally looked  to  Canada  as  an  important  northern  barrier. 
The  interests  of  the  French  population  were  thought  to  be  iden- 
tical with  ihoHe  of  tlie  Colonies,  and  there  was  reason  for  the 
belief  that  in  a  general  uprising  their  support  tvould  readily 
be  given.  Should  Canada  be  invaded  by  a  provincial  army, 
and  St.  .John's,  Montreal  and  Quebec  secared  by  conquest, 
nothing  would  be  in  the  way  of  the  people  there  throwing  o  ♦'  tlie  British  yoke. 

With  some,  however,  the  invasion  of  Canada  was  not  a  favorite  scheme.  They 
had  not  gone  so  far  yet  as  to  decide  afPrmatively  upon  the  question  of  National 
Independence,  and  when  the  first  Congress  met,  many  were  decided  or.  a  further 
attempt  to  reconcile  the  c  ci^ting  difficulties,  by  a  petition  to  the  King. 

Whatever  might  have  l)een  the  contingent  pur[  ise  of  Congress  in  reference  to 
Canada,  a  disclaimer  of  an  intended  invasion  was  deemed,  under  the  circumstances, 
expedient;  and  accordingly  on  tlie  Ist  of  June,  such  a  disclaimer  wae  made.  But  a 
violent  proclamation  issued  by  the  British  Governor,  denouncing  the  border  inhab- 
itants of  the  Colonies  as  traitors,  and  inciting  the  Indians  against  N?w  York  and 
New  England,  changed  the  current  of  opinion  in  the  Congress,  and  led  to  the 
avowal  of  an  aggressive  purpose.  In  July,  preliminary  to  a  movement  of  this 
character,  Major  John  B'own,  accompanied  by  four  men,  visited  Canada  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  intelligence  in  regard  to  the  military  preparations  making 
there  by  the  King's  troops,  the  situation  of  St.  John's,  Charably,  Montreal  and 
Quebec,  and  also  to  ascertain  the  feelings  of  the  Canadians  towards  the  Colonial 
cause.  They  found  them  favorably  affected,  were  kindly  received  by  tl<e  French, 
were  often  protected  when  exposed  to  danger,  and  were  assured  it  was  their  wi=>' 
to  see  a  Continental  army  in  Canada;  engaging,  if  it  came,  to  supply  it  with  every 
thing  In  their  power.  The  Indians  also  expressed  a  determination  to  act  with  the 
Canadians.  At  this  time  there  were  but  about  seven  hundred  of  the  King' ;  troops 
in  Canada,  of  which  near  three  hundred  were  at  St.  .Tohn's  and  only  about  fifty  at 
Quebec.  The  residue  were  at  Montreal,  Chanbly,  and  at  the  upper  posts.  Kvery 
thing  seemed  favorable  for  the  contemplated  invasion.    Maijor  Brown  and  his  party 


ll 


Vlll. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ht. 


remained  in  Canada  bnt  three  days,  and  after  S3veral  hair-breadth  escapes  reached 
Crown  Point  August  10th,  in  safety. 

Events  hud  now  ripened  for  action.  Colonel  Ethun  Allen  had  taken  possession 
of  Ticonderoga,  "  In  »he  name  of  the  Great  Jehovah  and  the  Continental  Congress."' 
Crown  Point  had  surrendered  to  the  Provincial  forces,  two  iiiuish  vessels  had 
been  taken,  which  gavo  to  the  Americans  the  control  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  thus 
"  the  gates  of  Canada  were  thrort'n  open,"  inviting  an  unresisting  entrance.  Noth- 
insr  now  remained  but  to  r-opove  the  opportunity  by  pushing  forward.  For  this 
work  of  invasion.  Generals  Schuyler  and  Montgomery  were  designated,  who  at  once 
begun  an  advance  from  Ticonderoga.  On  reaching  Islc-aux-Noix,  Colonel  Allen 
was  icnt  forward  with  Major  Brr  vn,  accompanied  by  interpreters,  into  Canada, 
with  Utters  to  the  i'unadiuns.  to  let  them  know  that  the  design  of  the  army  was 
only  against  the  English  garrisons,  and  not  the  country,  their  liberties,  or  their 
religion.  This  undertaking,  though  attended  with  much  danger,  was  successfully 
accomplished.  But  before  the  army  was  ready  to  leave  the  Isle-aux-Noix,  General 
Sclinyler  was  taken  sick  and  leturned  to  Albany,  leaving  the  command  with  Gene- 
ral Montgomery.  He  subsequently  returned,  with  the  hope  of  being  able  to  move 
with  the  army,  but  his  disorder  (a  bilious  fever)  reappearing  with  Increased  vio- 
lence, he  was  obliged,  relucts'^tly,  to  withdraw  from  personal  participation  in  the 
enterprise.  General  Schuyler  had  enrered  heartily  into  tlic  scheme  of  getting  pos- 
session of  Canada,  and  securing  it  to  the  cause  of  National  Freedom,  and  felt  deeply 
chagrined  in  not  being  able  to  lead  his  troops  forward.  Writing  to  rVashington  on 
the  subject,  he  says : 

"  The  vexation  of  spirit  under  which  I  labor,  that  a  barbarous  complication  of 
disorders  should  prevent  me  from  reaping  those  laurels  for  which  I  have  unwear- 
iedly  wrom^ht,  since  I  was  honored  with  this  command;  the  anxiety  1  have  suil'ered 
since  my  arrival  here,  lost  ihe  army  shoiild  starve,  m-cajioned  by  a  scandalous  want 
of  subordination  and  inattention  to  my  onlers,  in  some  of  the  offli^ers  I  left  to  com- 
mand at  the  different  posts;  the  vast  variety  of  disagreeable  and  vexatious  inci- 
dents, that  almost  ».very  hour  arise  in  some  department  or  other,— not  only  re'ard 
ikiy  cure,  but  have  put  me  considerably  back  lor  some  days  past.  If  Job  had  been 
a  General  In  my  situation,  his  memory  had  not  been  so  famous  for  patience,  but 
the  glorious  end  we  have  in  view,  and  which  I  have  confident  hope  wiU  be  attained, 
will  atone  for  all."* 

The  army  at  Isle-aux-Noix,  on  the  10th  of  September,  consisted  of  13!>i  rank  and 
file.  Tiiese  were  reeuforcd  by  Colonel  Livingston's  company  of  Now  Yorkers,  170 
Green  Mountain  Dovf  under  Colonel  Seth  Warner,  Cajitain  Allen's  company  oi  the 
iRme  corps  raised  in  Connecticut,  almut  lUO  men  of  Colonel  Bedel's  from  New 
Hampshire,  and  a  company  of  artillery  under  Captain  Lamb;  the  whole  probably 
noi  exceeding  1800  men.  Up  to  September  'Ji'itli,  '''.'(i  men  were  found  to  be  naflt  for 
nirther  service  during  this  campaiirn,  and  \  ore  discharged. 

On  the  5tli  of  Sejitenilver,  the  army  embarked  at  the  Isle-aux-Noix  for  St.  John's, 
which  was  at  once  besieged,  and  on  the  3d  (.>f  Novcml)cr  was  taken  possesKion  of 
by  the  victorious  Continentals.  On  the  Llth  of  the  same  month  Montrual  sitrren- 
dered.    Quebect  was  the  next  object  of  posscasion,  for  without  that  the  subjugation 

*i.>'ii.  8ohuyk<r'i  letter  to  Washington. 
tQuebeo  was  founded  on  the  8d  o."  July,  10()H,  by  Captain  Samuel  do  Champlain,  (ipof- 
raplier  to  the  Kronoh  King.  Ills  oomnteiiceir.yir.  was  on  Cnpe  Utainoiid,  on  the  «it<i  of  an 
iiidiaii  village  culled  8tudaoonc  (."iian:|il«in  died  in  Qut'ljt-c,  ai<d  acvurding  to  tradition 
WEii  biirird  tn  the  iip|>or  town.  This,  It  appt-an*.  wiw  a  nitataku.  H'  ..'ly,  tliii  utigiual 
grave  wait  diiicovi>r)'il  In  the  lower  town,  there  having  lH>en  one  or  two  reniovnis  Atmut 
ten  yean*  ago  thu  buue*  were  placed  in  a  box,  but  where  depuil>«d  In  uot  at  tbia  time (Uoo  , 
lb«i,|  kuuwu. 


INTRODUCTION. 


IX. 


#1 


or  eHvernnce  of  Canada  was  impossible.  To  aid  the  invading  amy  under  Mont- 
gomery in  tlic  attempt  upon  tliat  city,  a  coi'iperative  expedition  hy  tlie  way  o^'tlio 
Kennebec  river  tliroujili  tlio  wilderness  of  Maine  and  Canada,  to  form  a  junction 
before  Quebec,  whs  devised,  and  the  command  given  to  Colonel  Benedict  Arnold. 
He  was  well  adapted  to  such  an  undertaliing.  He  was  a  brave,  slcillful  and  ener- 
getic officer;  was  inured  to  the  hardships  of  military  life;  was  sufflcicntly  ambitious 
to  insure  vigorous  activity  to  all  his  movements,  and  having  iirevious  to  the  war, 
visited  Quebec  as  a  trader,  he  had  formed  an  acquaintance  with  many  of  its  citi- 
zens, and  acquired  a  Icnnwledge  of  its  localities  that  could  be  turned  ro  advantage 
In '.(8  miii'-aiy  operations. 
'I'he  followimr  wtro  otficers  in  this  expp-Iition: 

Colonel.   Benedict  Aunolp,*  Norwich,  Conn. 

Jy'eut.  Colonels.    Ciiristopiikii  Greevk,  Warwick,  R.  I.;  Rooeu  Knos,  Conn. 

Majors.  Ketukn.I.  Mkios,  Middletov-.i,  Conn.;  Timothy  liioKLOW,  Worces- 
ter, Ma«s, 

JAi'uU'uaut  and  Ailjutnnt.     Christian  Fehigir,  Copenhagen,  Denmark.   Quir- 

tennaster.  Hypi;,  Mass.     Chaplain.  Rev.   Sasiukl  Spring,   Newburyport, 

Mass.    Suryion    Isaac  Sknter   Newport,  U.  I.   Surgeon's  Mate. (iReenk. 

Capt(tlnH.  SrMHON  Thayer,  I'rovidenc?,  R.  I.;  Samuel  Ward,  Westerly,  R.  I.; 
John 'I'opiiAM,  Newport,  li.  I.;  William  Goodrich,  Great  Hr.rrington,  M  iss. ; 

JoNA3  IliinnAKD,  Worcester,  Mass.;   Williams,  Masr-.;  S..ott,  Mass.; 

Oliver  H^noiikt,  Siiffleld,  Conn.;  I'^leazer  Oswald,  New  Haven,  Conn. ;  Wil- 
liam Hesdhicks,  JVnn.;  Maithkw  Smith,  Lancaster,  Pcnn.;  Henrv  Dear- 
born, Krtst  Xoitingham,  N.  H.;   Danikl  Morgan,  Frederick  Co.,  Va.; Mc- 

Conn,  Geo'gctown.  lirhjadc  Ma^jr.  Matthias  OaDiiiK,  and  Aaron  Burr,  vol- 
unteer, X.  J. 

Lieiitenan'.i.  .\RC>nBALD  Steele,  (Adjutant)  Lancaster,  Penn.;  Michael 
[George?!  Simpson,  Penn.;  Francis  Nichols,  Cenibeilanil  Co.,  Penn.;  Andre.v 
Moody;  .1  >hn  Hi;mphkeys,  Va.;  Wii.li.»m  IIkth,  2d,  Frederick  Co.  Va.;  Peteb 
O'Mrien  Brl'kn,  Frederick  Co.,  V^a.;  Samuel  Cooper,  Omn.;  Ajimah  Savage, 
(Quarterninsur)  Middletown,  Conn  ;  .Ioseimi  Wehm,  Newport,  R.  1.;  I'.dwaud 
Sloci.'M,  Tiverton,  R.  L;  Wiilia.m  IIumi'iirey,  Providence,  R,  I  ;  Lemuel  Bai- 
I.ev,  Pro-ideiice,  II.  I. ;  Sylvanus  Shaw,  Newport  R  I.;  .Idhn  Compston,  Saro, 
(Dist.  Maine)  Miss,;  John  Clark,  Iladloy,  Muss.;  Samuel  Hrown  Acton,  Mass.; 
James  Tisdalk,  Medfl.ld,  Mass.; Cuhstock,  Ma<g  ;  Ammi  |Amos7]  An- 
drews Hiilsbornunh,  N  II.;  Nathaniel  Hutohins,  DiinburKm,  .S.  II.,  after- 
wards Captain;  .Joi»eph  Thomas,   DeerfielJ,   X.  h.,  fell  in  the  action  at  (Quebec; 

Mi^Clklvnd,  iViin.,  died  in  the  wilderness;    Church;  BKN.rAMiN 

Catlin,  (Qiiartenniister)  Wealher.lield,  CiU'.n.t 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  list  that  Rhode  Island  wag  ably  represented  in 
this  F.xpedition.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Greene  proved.  tK''b  In  the  wilderness  and 
before  Quebec,  that  the  juilgment  which  selected  lilni  for  that  trying  and  perilous 
Bervice  had  not  'leen  iniMaken.  He  sulise(ju(  ntly  served  wi'h  distinction  ts  a  Culo- 
nel  io  the  Continental  linu,  and  at  Red  Bank  crowned  bin  name  with  iniporishabI« 

•Colonel  HKNK.iiirr  Aunoi.d  was  Imrn  In  Norwicli,  Conn.,  .Iiinnnry  .'id,  1741.  mid  coiiiiifc 
quently  wiix  llilrly-four  years  ofutfe  when  h  iiiten'd  upon  tliU  eoiinnnnd.  llewiMnn  able 
•nd  ililrepift  odieer  tint  (iiifurtiiimtely  the  virtlni  of  a  low  moral  MMue.  IIU  cnreer  ns  a 
(ienei'ul  In  tin- ('ontliiental  iirniy  in  too  finiiilliir  to  r<>.|iilre  imrticiiliir  iiotlco.  A  Hie  liril- 
llaiM  in  proml«e.  rlo^'ed  in  liriioiiiliiy.  lie  died  in  l.omloii,  Jiiiii'  Itlli.  Isol,  iij/ed  (io  yenrn. 
Bee  Life  >  t'  4rnolt{  in  ,si|imk>  Uii'Kiupliy 

tTblf  li»t  has  been  culleoted  Ihim  variuus  autlu-utic  suurces.    It  i»  probably  inoompl«t«. 
R 


.1.   -  -'- 
i     i 


X. 


INTRODUCTION. 


I'h 


honor.  Captain  Topham  was  esteemed  a  valuable  officer,  and  sncccedcd  Colonel 
Barton  in  the  command  of  a  lihode  Island  reiiiment.  Captain  Ward  showed  f?reat 
energy  of  character  and  undoubted  piiriotism.  He  was  promoted  to  be  Major,  and 
at  Red  Bank,  and  afterwards  to  the  close  of  the  war,  met  promptly  and  Batisfncto- 
fily,  tho  demands  made  upon  his  military  at)ilitie8  Captain  Thayer,  who  was 
honored  after  his  release  from  imprisonment,  with  the  rank  of  Mivior,  is  identified 
with  one  of  the  .nost  brilliunt  battles  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  Dr.  Senter,  who 
served  so  usefully  in  this  Expedition,  took  position  after  leaving  the  army,  as  a 
leading  physician  and  suriicon  in  the  Stati-.  The  under  otflccrs  and  privates  com- 
posing Arnold's  command  were  for  the  most  part  taken  from  among  the  yeomanry, 
and  were  men  who  comprehended  the  nature  of  the  conflict  to  which  they  were 
committed.  To  them,  the  freedom  of  their  country  was  dear,  and  to  secure  it  they 
were  ready  to  lay  upon  the  altar  their  cherished  personal  comforts,  and  to  abide  tl'o 
results  of  battle.  Such  men  were  likely  to  make  good  soldiers,  and  by  their  correct 
deportment  to  gain  the  commendation  of  general  officers  under  whom  th:y  might 
be  called  to  serve.  And  thus  it  proved  with  them.  The  eye  of  General  Montgom- 
ery was  quick  to  recognize  tlioir  soi.lierly  qualities.  "I  find,"  he  said,  "Colonel 
Arnold's  corps  an  exceedingly  fine  one,  inured  to  fatigue,  and  well  accustomed  to 
cannon  shot  (at  Cam!  ridge).  There  is  a  style  of  discipline  among  them  much 
superior  to  what  I  have  b-^cn  used  to  sec  this  campaign.  He  himself  is  active,  Intel- 
ligent and  enterprising." 

General  Washington  had  carefully  studied  the  plan  foracquiring  possession  of  Can- 
ada and  inducing  the  native  population  to  join  their  fortunes  with  the  Americans, 
in  rising  to  the  dignity  of  a  Nationality.  He  had  a  keen  perception  of  the  impor- 
tance of  this  movement,  and  was  solicitous  that  nothing  should  occur  to  mar  its 
•luccess.  He  foresaw  the  possibility  of  the  invading  army  indulgin<r  in  pillage  on 
their  march,  or  of  committing  other  acts  when  established  in  the  country  that  might 
convert  friends  into  foes.  To  guard  against  this,  he  drew  up  a  series  of  instructions, 
clear  and  explicit  in  their  details,  which  were  communicated  to  Co'.oicl  Arnold  for 
the  government  of  himself  and  his  men.  He  was  to  exercise  the  utmost  vigilance 
in  guarding  against  surprisids.  On  arriving  in  Canada,  he  was  to  ascertain  by 
every  means  In  his  power,  the  real  sentiments  of  the  inliabitnnts  towards  the  Ameri- 
can cause,  and  to  maintain  the  strictest  discipline  and  gond  order  amimg  his  own 
troops.  He  was  to  concilirte  the  afTections  both  of  the  Canadians  and  of  the 
Indians,  and  convince  tlieni  that  his  army  came  anmng  them  as  fri'Mids  nnd  '•  not 
as  robbers  "  He  was  to  piiy  the  full  value  for  all  provi^imis  and  accommodations 
received,  and  abstain  from  ))res8ing  the  people  or  any  of  their  cattle  into  his  service, 
while  he  was  "ait'ply  to  compensate  "  tlioso  who  roluntarilv  assisted  liim.  Only 
the  "  King's  stores  "  were  to  be  appropriated  to  the  Continental  use.  In  case  of  a 
union  with  General  Si-hiivler,  who  it  was  then  expected  would  le.id  the  Invasion  by 
way  of  St.  .lolin's  and  Montrea',  Arn;ild  was  to  serve  under  him,  and  not  to  con-'ider 
himseif  "  as  upon  a  separate  and  independent  command."  Ho  was  to  keep  Wash- 
ington a<"iuidnted  witli  his  progress  and  protpects,  atid  to  send  the  Intelligence  of 
any  important  occurrence  br  express.  He  was  to  protect  and  support  the  free 
exorcise  of  the  reliuion  of  tlic  country,  ntul  the  uiidl^turb"d  eiijoyni.-nt  of  tii(>  rijihts 
of  conscience  in  religious  matters.  If  I^)r.|  ('hatiiaiu's  .son  should  be  in  Cunada, 
and  in  any  way  should  fall  into  his  power,  ho  was  to  treat  him  witli  all  posxiblo 
I'cferetice  ami  respect.  "  You  cannot  err,"  faid  the  Instructions,  "  in  paying  too 
much  honor  to  the  son  of  so  illustrious  a  charnctcr,  and  so  true  a  frienil  to  Ameiica. 
Any  other  (lersdus  who  mav  fab  into  yo'ir  hands,  yon  will  tieaf  with  i\s  miicli 
humaidtv  and  kindness  u:)  mu;  bo  consistent  with  your  own  safety  and  the  public 
Interest." 

The  plan  of  reachiuK  Quebec  by  the  Kennebeo  and  Chaudlerc  riven  i>  said  to 


INTRODUCTION. 


XI. 


ha'e  been  oripinal  with  Arnold,  and  to  have  heen  sugpestcd  to  him  by  the  perusal  of 
a  Jonrniil  of  an  exptorlTig  expedition  from  Quebei.'  into  the  interior  of  Maine,  about 
the  year  1760,  written  by  Colonel  Montroscr,  an  officer  of  Engineers  in  the  British 
sorvict). 

The  troops  to  accompany  Colonel  Arnold  assembled  at  Cambridge,  and  on  the 
13th  cf  September  commenced  their  march  to  Newbuiyport  Previous  to  leaving, 
General  Washington,  with  increasing  solicitude  for  the  prosperity  of  the  Expedition, 
addre.-ised  a  lett«r  to  Colonel  Arnold,  again  charging  him,  his  officers  and  soldiers, 
to  respect  the  persons,  private  property  and  religion  of  the  people  whose  country 
they  were  soon  to  occupy,  and  to  refrain  from  every  act  that  might  militate  against 
peri^onal  homr  or  the  success  of  the  enterprise.  Ak  address  to  the  inhabitants  of 
Canada  was  also  printed  and  forwarded  to  Arnold  at  Fort  Western,  to  be  distributed 
among  the  people  on  hi'*  arrival  at  Queln'c,  explaining  che  object  of  the  invasion, 
assuring  them  of  protection,  inviting  them  to  furnish  supplies  for  the  Provincial 
army,  and  urging  them  to  make  cmiimon  cause  in  the  overthrow  of  tyranny  by 
joining  "  the  standard  of  general  liberty." 

Arnold's  force  consisted  of  thirteen  companies,  comprising  1100  men.  These 
were  divided  into  two  battalions,  the  fust  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Chris- 
topher Greene,  and  the  second  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Kogcr  Kiios.  On  the  19th  of 
September  thoy  sailed  in  ten  trans[iorts  from  Newbiiryport,  the  fleet  being  under 
the  commanii  of  Captain  Clarlison,  iiiid  readied  the  Kennebec  river  the  next  day. 
On  th  23d  they  arrived  at  Fort  Western,  where  they  remained  a  day  or  two,  and 
then  proceeded  to  Fort  Halifax.  From  tlience  they  advanced  to  Norridgewock,  at 
which  place  they  halted  until  the  morning  of  October  9th,  when  a  general  move- 
ment commeu'ed. 

The  army  set  tiff  in  high  s|'i:its.  A  month,  however,  sufficed  to  cool  the  ardor  of 
tlio  less  sanguine.  Untlioii.v'lit  rif  obstacles  impeded  their  progress.  The  streams 
were  rajiid  ami  hard  to  navigate;  bo.its  wire  da^^hed  in  i)ioces,  and  the  hardy  voya- 
gers Iiarely  escaped  wiutry  grav-s;  the  autun.n  storms  were  cold  and  piercing; 
encampments  were  floo(K:d  bj  overll-jwing  rivers;  swamps  and  morasses  Kpread  in 
the  track  of  the  advaiu'liig  columns;  little  ••'uifidiuce  was  felt  in  the  intelligence  of 
guides  who  were  leading  tin  m  daily  deeper  into  an  almost  unknown  wilderness; 
provisions  had  become  exhausted;  root-,  dog-meat,  soup  madeof  raw-hido  mocca- 
sins, and  entrails  broiled  on  the  coals,  l)ccaine  luxuiies,  an<l  death  by  starvation 
Btared  them  in  the  face.  It  nquiiid  nerves  of  steel  to  survey  the  prospect  before 
them  with  calmness,  much  more  with  hope,  and  the  question  of  return  wug  often 
discussed.  In  the  then  crude  state  of  inililary  authority,  the  control  held  by  officers 
over  :heir  nu-n  was  more  the  re-ult  of  pergonal  regmil  than  (;f  deference  to  position. 
Every  man  had  an  npnnon,  and  was  free  to  express  it.  Among  a  portion  of  the 
troops  the  views  of  Iwth  olllcers  uia'  men  coincided.  Disaffection  had  extended  to 
three  companies,  ami  it  bccnino  advicablo  to  hold  a  coiiiieil  of  war  for  decisive 
measures.     This  took  place  October  2-''/tli,  on  reiu'hing  Dead  River. 

Arnold,  who  was  if;tiorant  of  tlie  ilesi>.'n  atlerw.inls  put  in  execution,  had  gone 
on  with  the  advaiu'c.  At  the  council,  Lieutcnuots  Colonel  Greene  and  F.nos,  Major 
Bigelow,  Captains  Tophnm,  Thuyer,  Ward,  Williams,  McCobb,  8cutt,  Adjutant 
Hyde  and  Lieutenant  Peters  were  present.  Major  Meigs,  Captains  Moritan,  Smith, 
Tlanchet,  ilubbard,  Go'idrich,  Hendricks  and  Dearborn  wen.;  al>  <nt  on  duty.  It 
was  now  a  nionu  iit  of  aiixioiis  intere^'t.  'I'ho  decision  of  tiie  liour  would  strengthen 
a  patriv>iic  resolve,  or  (111  llio  country  with  painful  di<appointinent.  In  accordance 
with  military  custom  the  opinions  of  the  younger  officers  were  first  elicited.  Cap- 
tnln  Ward,  a  youth  of  only  e'ghtetn  years,  was  now  called  upon  for  his  opinion, 
lie  expressed  it  (raiikly  i.nd  de(  ideilly.  Tin'  iilen  of  giving  up  the  expedition  was 
totally  rcpugnhnt  to  his  bravo  nataru,  and  with  a  patriotism  for  which  ho  was  over 


*l 


xu. 


INTKODUCTION. 


after  distinguislicd,  he  gave  his  voice  for  advancing.  Tliere  was  power  in  that  decis- 
ion, and  one  can  readily  imagine  witli  wiiat  a  louii  of  aiiproval  it  was  recognized  by 
tlie  gallant  Greene.  Caprains  Tliayer  and  To])liain  took  the  same  side  with  no  Icsa 
promptness,  as  did  Lieuieiianis  Colonel  (Jreene  and  Enos,  and  Major  liigelow. 
Captains  Williunis,  MeColjl)  and  Scott,  Ailjutant  Hyde  and  Lieutenant  I'eteis,  took 
an  opposite  view.  Tlicy  (orisidcred  iho  i-uciess  of  the  Expediiion  hopeless,  and 
gave  their  voices  for  returning.  The  decision  to  advance  was  carried  by  a  single 
vote;  but  the  minority,  iiinnediately  alter  the  dis.solution  of  the  council,  conferred 
together,  and  unaniniou.-ily  resolved  to  go  back  with  tluir  men.  As  the  tlm  e  (lis-* 
atfected  companies  belonged  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  Enos'  battalion,  he  decided, 
though  as  he  said,  reluctantly,  and  for  reasons  that  he  considered  a  ju,-ti(ication  of 
the  step,  to  go  back  with  them.    This  he  accordingly  did.* 

The  willidiawal  of  !<o  many  men  was  a  serious  loss  to  Arnold,  but  did  not  in  the 
least  shake  his  deiermiiiation  to  see  Quebec.  To  faeilitate  the  advance  of  the  army, 
he  liaei  sent  ibiwanl  a  iiarty  (onsistinii  of  Lieutenant  Archibald  Steele,  Jesse  W'lieel- 
er,  John  Joseph  Henry,  tieorge  Merchant,  James  Ciitftun,  Uobert  Cunningham, 
Thomas  Hoyd,  John  Tidd,  John  McKonkey,  Jeremiah  Gctche!  and  Jolin  Ilornc,tho 
two  hittei-  beinsr  guides,  (or  the  purpose  of  finding  and  marking  the  patlis  used  by 
tlie  Indians  ai  ihe  numerous  carrying  places  in  the  wilderness,  and  also  to  ascertain 
the  course  of  ilic  Chaudiere  river.  Provided  with  two  birch  bark  canoes,  they  set 
out  in  high  spiiits,  and  inivelled  until  October  81I1,  blazing  trees  and  "snagging 
bu-lies  "  with  thi  ir  tomahawks,  when  they  reached  the  height  of  land  which  divides 
llie  \v  Iters  of  New  England  from  those  of  Canada.  Another  day  brought  them  to 
the  Chaudiere  river,  «lien  ilicy  commenced  their  return.  They  continued  their 
course  ui.iil  October  17th,  wlien,  to  their  great  joy,  they  fell  in  with  a  party  of  pio- 
neeis  Iniildiiig  a  cau^ewny  for  thi'  passage  of  the  army,  having  suffered  excessively 
from  hull;:' r  and  exhaustioii. 

Sickness,  the  concoinliant  of  exposure,  soon  made  its  appearance  among  the 
troops,  (bi  the  scveiitli  day  alter  lea.ing  Norridgewoek,  fatigue,  diairiicea  and 
rheuinatisu)  had  so  multiplied  the  sick,  as  to  render  the  erection  of  a  building  for 
their  rtvcpiiiiii  ueec.-sary.  Accordingly  a  bio.  k  In. use  war  built  and  named  "Ar- 
nold's llo-piial,"  which  was  immediately  lilleil.  Among  the  patients  wns  a  young 
genileinan  by  ilie  name  ot'  Irvin,  an  Ensign  in  (Japtain  M()r>;aii's  eoinpiiiiy.  Ho 
was  a  naii\L  of  I'eiinsi  Ivania,  and  had  been  educated  lor  ilie  m.'dicKl  profes  ion. 
Early  in  tin'  march  from  Camliridgc,  hu  wati  fcixed  with  dysentery,  for  which  lie 
could  not  lie  ])ri  vailed  upon  to  take  meilicine.  Wading  in  the  water  by  day,  and 
sleeping  011  tht^  groaiid  at  night,  broughi  on  a  violent  rheumatism,  which  swelled 
the  joints  of  his  extr  unties  to  an  enormous  size,  mid  rendorid  theiu  iiiiicxiblo.  Ho 
was  left  at  the  hos|iital  to  be  sent  back  with  others. 

Weakened  as  the  little  army  was  by  tlie  defeeiioii  of  three  companies,  tlic  courage 
and  spirit  ol  the  reimdniiig  ten  still  hcM  good.  Scout'iig  the  idea  of  abandoning 
the  Expedition,  they  continued  their  advnme  to  the  Chaudiere  river,  und  ilienie  to 
Saitigan,  a  Canadian  setileineiit,  where  tlicy  arrived  November  3il.  Here,  the  next 
day.  Colonel  Arnold  Was  wi.ited  upon  by  a  body  of  savagis  aceoinpaiiied  by  an 
interprete  ,  to  iiiijuire  his  reason  lor  coming  i-moiig  ihetu  in  a  In  stile  manner. 
They  adUressicl  him  ill  great  pt'inp,  and  one  of  their  chiefs  delivered  an  oration 
with  all  Ihe  air  and  gesiure  of  an  accomplished  orator.  After  this  heiug  explained 
or  translated,  the  Colonel  returned  the  tbilowiug  auswor: 

"  KiiiK.NDH  AM'  lluhriiKiiN  ;— I  feel  myself  very  linppy  in  taei-tiiiK  with  m  nniny  of  my 
bri'tliren  I'rxai  tlii'  dillereiit  ipiarters  of  the  greut  coaiitry,  and  more  so  us  I  iiml  we  iiicet  ns 
frieudr,  und  llul  wu  uru  t><iuitll>  uouottriied  In  this  KXpvditicu.    Itn'thriAi,  we  are  the  chib 


*S(*'  •lounui;.  pp.  10, 11. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ill 


dron  of  those  people  who  have  now  taken  up  the  hatchet  against  ug.  More  than  one  hun- 
dred y'-'ars  ago,  we  were  nU  as  one  family.  Wo  then  dilFered  in  our  religion,  and  camo 
over  to  this  great  country  by  consent  of  the  Iviiig.  Our  fathers  bought  land  of  the  (rava- 
ges, and  have  grown  a  great  people.  Kven  as  the  stars  in  the  sky.  We  have  planted  tho 
ground,  and  by  our  labor  grow  rich.  Now  a  new  King  and  his  wicked  great  men  want  to 
taKo  our  land.-i  and  money  without  o'lr  consent.  This  we  think  unjust,  and  all  our  great 
men  from  the  river  .St.  J.,awreiice  to  the  Mississippi,  met  together  at  I'hiladelijhia,  where 
they  all  talked  together,  and  sent  a  prayer  to  the  King,  that  they  would  be  brothers  and 
light  for  him,  but  would  not  give  up  their  lands  and  miney.  The  King  wi.iuld  not  hear 
our  iirayer,  but  .->(  at  a  great  army  to  IJostou,  and  endeavored  to  set  our  brethren  against 
U.S  in  Canada.  The  King's  army  at  lioston  came  out  into  the  tields  and  houses,  killed  a 
great  nniny  woinrn  and  childron,  while  they  were  i)eaceably  .it  work.  The  llostonians 
sent  to  their  brethren  in  the  country,  and  they  came  in  unto  their  relief,  and  in  six  days 
raised  an  army  of  lifty  thcmsand  mi-n,  and  dmve  the  King's  troops  on  board  their  ships, 
killed  and  wounded  liffeen  hundred  of  their  men.  Since  that  they  durst  not  come  out  of 
Boston.  Now  we  hear  the  Trench  and  Indians  in  Canada  have  sent  to  us,  tiiatthe  King'8 
troops  opi)ress  tliem  and  rmke  them  pay  a  great  i)rice  for  their  rum,  &c.;  press  them  to 
take  up  arms  again;-t  the  llostonians,  their  brethren,  who  have  done  them  no  hurt.  By  tho 
desire  of  the  French  and  Indians,  our  brothers,  we  have  come  to  their  assistance,  with  an 
intent  to  drive  mit  the  King's  soldiers;  when  drove  olf  we  will  return  to  our  country,  and 
leave  this  to  the  [  eaceable  enjoyment  of  its  jsroper  inhabitants.  Now  if  the  Indians,  our 
brethren,  will  join  us,  we  will  be  very  much  obliged  to  them,  and  will  give  them  one  I'or- 
tuguese  per  month,  two  dollars  bounty,  and  find  them  their  provisions,  and  they  liberty  to 
clioose  their  own  ollicers." 

Tliis  Ueclarntion  had  the  desired  cffett.  About  fllty  of  tbeni  embodied  according 
to  nj;rceiiiciit,  took  ilieir  canoes  and  procceil(d.* 

Soon  after  the  battle  ol  liunker  lldl,  Aaron  Iturr,  accompanied  by  his  friend  Mat- 
thias OkJcii,  t>etout  from  Klizabetlitown,  N.  J.,  for  Cambridge,  to  oti'er  his  services 
to  the  Colonial  eaiisc.  llnrr  bad  now  entered  bis  twentieth  year,  and  witli  an 
cnihu^iastic  and  adventurous  nature,  lie  Klii'"y  inip'ovcd  the  opportunity  to  join 
Arnokl,  as  a  volunteer,  in  this  cx|>('dition.  Tlie  step  was  contrary  to  the  wishes  of 
bis  friends,  one  of  whom  follov.'ecl  biin  to  Newburyport  to  induce  biin  to  return. 
Entreaties  proving  uniivadinir,  ho  was  'urnisbed  with  u  tniall  sum  of  nold  to  meet 
necessary  liuidentul  expenses.  He  continual  with  Arnold,  sliiirini;  in  i he  priva- 
tions of  his  coinpanions  uniil  the  uriny  reaihed  Cbnudiere  Pond,  wlien  he  was 
despaiehed  with  a  lerbal  message  to  Getieral  Moiitgoincry.  l)i.«gui-ed  us  u  younn 
Catholic  I'riest,  he  pioceededon  bis  joui'iicy,  wbicli  wus  sueces>fully  accoinplisned. 
Pleaded  wiili  the  appearance  of  Hurr,  General  Montgomery  at  once  gave  him  a  plaec 
in  his  military  li  mily.  Upon  the  duties  ol  bii  new  position  he  entcrered  with  char- 
acteristic vigor,  and  in  tiie  assault  U|  >n  Quebec  Ud  a  foilorii  liope  of  forty  men. 
He  stood  near  Montgomery  when  he  fell,  but  escaped  being  taken  prisoncr.t    And 


*"  From  our  Inst  lodgingH  [Sartignn]  hired  a  peasant,  and  proceeded  down  the  river  in  a 
canoe  live  miles  lo  a  victualing  house  or  other  place  of  rendezvous.  This  village.  St. 
iJtisi>phs.  nuiile  a  further  agreement,  and  continued  down  tlie  river  al)ont  four  ndles  fur- 
tiwr,  as  we  f  Mind  nothing  agreeable  since  our  arrival,  except  one  ipiart  of  Aew  Knglaud 
rum,  (if  that  was  to  be  allowed  so,)  for  which  I  pidd  one  bard  dollar.  We  were  making 
eni|uiry  at  every  likely  stage;  lor  this  purpo.«e  visited  an  old  peasant's  hon.ie,  where  was  a 
nn'iry  old  woman  at  her  loom,  and  two  or  tliri'o  line  young  girls,  flny  were  exceedingly 
rejoiced  with  our  company.  Ilonght  some  eggs,  rum,  sugar,  swei'tineats,  Jtc,  whire  wo 
math'  ourselves  very  happy.  I'pon  the  old  wiinniii  being  aci|Uuinted  from  whence  we  came, 
[sliej  immediately  fell  singing  and  dancing  ■'Yankee  Doudle"  with  the  greatest  air  of 
good  humour.  After  ir.akiiitt  the  old  woman  satlstled  lor  her  kickshaws,  saluted  her  for 
her  civilities,  gtc,  marched,  fhe  tllslnnce  coiiip\ited  from  the  Chniiilh'ie  Lake  to  the 
hihaltltantH,  one  hunilred  miles.     Fr.nn  thence  to  t^iiebee.  ninety."— .sVM/rc'x  .InurtKil. 

IColoiiel  Irniiiluill,  .1  his  great  national  painting,  represeuls  Cieiierul  alonlgomury  im 
falling  into  Uurr's  anus. 


XIV. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Hi 
M 


thus  was  opened  to  an  ambitious  young  man,  resembling,  in  some  qualities  of  char, 
actcr,  liis  comiiiau'lcr  Arnold,  a  career  of  liiuh  promise,  destined  however,  as  the 
sequel  proved,  to  an  unhappy  blight.  Having  achieved  a  distinguished  military 
reputation,  and  after  filling  the  position  of  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  ho 
closed  an  eventful  life  with  a  cloud  resting  upon  his  name  t 

P.-essing  forward  in  defiance  of  all  untoward  circumstances,  Arnold  and  his  devo- 
ted band,  now  reduced  to  about  .OSO  effective  men,  reached  Point  Levi  on  tlie  8th 
November,  crossed  the  St.  Lawrence  witli  the  aid  of  thirty-five  canoes  on  tlie  13lh, 
and  advancing  to  the  Plains  of  Abraliani,  sat  down  in  defiant  attitude  before  Que- 
bec. On  the  Utli,  Arnold  sent  a  flag  with  a  letter  to  Lieut.  Governor  Cramahe, 
demanding  the  surrender  of  tlie  city.  The  ofHcer  bearini,-  the  flag,  on  approaching 
the  walls  was  fired  upon,  and  narrowly  escaped  being  killed.  The  olHcer  retired 
from  his  perilous  position.  A  s'jcond  flag  was  sent,  with  a  .similar  result.  This 
method  of  refusing  to  receive  a  flag,  so  contrary  to  military  usage,  called  tOTth  an 
indignant  letter  from  Arnold,  in  which  he  threatened  the  Hritish  commander  with 
retaliation.  On  the  18th  he  inspected  the  condition  of  tlte  arms  and  ammunition  of 
his  little  army,  and  found  that  a  great  part  of  the  cartridges  weie  unlit  for  service, 
leaving  not  more  than  five  rounds  for  each  man,  while  one  hundred  muskets,  or 
about  on;-fi(th  of  the  whole,  proved  to  be  worthless  for  present  use.  lu  the  mean 
time,  he  had  ascertained  tliat  the  garrison  of  the  ctiemy  had  been  augmented  to 
about  seven  hunilred  men — and  soon  swelled  to  about  nineteen  hundred— a  force 
too  large  to  justify  an  immediate  attempt  to  storm  the  city.  It  was  deemed  there- 
fore prudent  to  fall  back  to  Point-au.x-Tremblcs,  and  await  the  arrival  of  General 
Montgomery.  'I'his,  after  trying  in  vain  to  draw  the  enemy  into  the  open  field,  was 
done,  Nov.  I'JtIi. 

The  work  uinlertaken  by  General  Montgomery  was  environed  with  no  ordinary 
dilBculties.  Ho  had  not  only  to  contend  with  the  rigors  of  a  Canadian  winter, — 
with  the  small  pox  and  o;'..;r  forms  of  disease  which  ravaged  his  camp  and  threat- 
ened more  destruction  tli'iu  was  to  be  apprelK'nilcd  from  the  enemy,  but  also  to 
compose  the  liisscntions  ili.it  had  sprung  up  among  his  officers,  and  tojillay  the 
spirit  of  disalfceion  they  had  spieail  among  the  men,  whidi  presaged  ruin  to  tho 
campaign.  But  he  showed  himself  equal  to  the  emergency,  and  under  all  these 
tinnroiiii^ing  circumstances  continued  Ids  advance  from  Montreal.  On  the  .'5d 
December  he  torined  a  junctioii  with  Arnold  at  Polnt-aux-Tremti|cs  and  tho  next 
day  the  united  I'orces  appeared  before  (Quebec.  C>n  the  (itii  tniieral  Montgomery 
sent  a  flag  of  truce  to  (iovernor  Carleton,  Huniraoniiig  a  aurrcnder.  The  flag  lio 
refused  to  receive,  dcclaiitig  that  he  would  hold  i.o  parley  witli  rebels.  Hattcriea 
were  established  within  striking  (listance  of  the  walls,  protected  by  lireastworks  of 
snow,  converted  Into  solid  ice  iiy  pouring  water  upon  it.  Hut  it  was  soon  lound 
that  the  metal  thrown  liy  tli '  artillery  was  too  light  to  breach  tho  walls  or  do  any 
essential  damage  inside.*  Here  the  dissensions  before  mentioned  again  broke  out, 
which  necessitated  a  change  in  tho  original  plati  of  attack.  December  31st  had  been 
flxew  upon  for  nialuiig  an  as-aiilt.  I'.arly  in  the  morning  of  that  day  the  army,  now 
only  eight  hundred  strong,  began  to  move  in  two  columns  upon  the  Lower  Town. 
The  first,  led  bv  Montgomery,  was  to  make  an  attack  at  Capo  Diamond,  wliilo  tho 
second,  under  Arnold,  was  to  attack  through  St.  Koque.  Tho  as^^aults  were  made 
with  great  vigor,  but  with  disaster  to  tlic  American  cause.    General  Montgomery 

tTo  the  Lives  of  Durr  written  by.  DavU.Knapp  and  Parton,  tho  reader  is  referred  for 
(lefallH  (if  an  extradrtlii-'iry  nmii. 

*•'  I  never  e\ii(>ctc<l  any  ntluT  advnntaKc  from  our  artillery  than  to  nmu^o  the  enemy  and 
t)Uml  them  to  my  real  iut^'ntlon."— il/un/^ofmr//  to  Cvtwral  Woott^r. 


INTRODUCTION, 


XV. 


early  fell  mortally  wounded,  while  aiding  in  removing  the  pickets  at  Cape  Dia- 
mond, for  the  ingress  of  his  men.  Arnold's  command  carried  a  two-gun  battery, 
which  the  enemy  bravely  defended  tor  an  hour.  In  this  attacli  ho  was  shot  through 
the  leg,  and  was  compelled  to  retire  from  the  field,*  while  his  men  pushed  on  to  a 
second  barrier,  which  they  took,  but  not  without  severe  loss.  The  enemy  had  the 
advantage  of  ihe  ground  in  front,  a  vast  superiority  of  numbers,  and  dry  and  better 
arms,  which  gave  them  an  irresistible  power  in  so  narrow  a  ppace.  Humplireys, 
upon  a  mound,  which  was  speedily  erecti'd,  attended  by  many  bravo  men,  attempt- 
ed to  scale  the  barrier,  but  was  compelled  to  retreat  by  the  fortniilnble  phnlanx  of 
bayonets  within,  and  the  weight  of  fire  from  the  platform  and  the  ailjacent  build- 
ings. Morgan,  brave  to  temerity,  stormed  and  raged.  Hendricks,  Steele,  Nichols 
and  Humphrey,  equally  brave,  were  calm,  though  under  a  tremendous  fire.  Hen- 
dricks, wlien  aiming  his  rifle,  received  a  ball  through  his  heart,  and  instantly 
expired.  Humphrey,  of  Virginia,  in  like  manner  received  a  death  wound.  Lieut. 
Cooper,  of  Connecticut,  was  killed.  Captain  Lamb  had  a  portion  of  his  face  cnrried 
away  by  a  grnpe  or  canister  shot.  Lieut.  Steele  lost  three  of  his  fingers  as  he  was 
presenting  his  gun  to  fire.  Captain  Hubbard  and  Lieut.  Tisdnle  were  also  among 
the  wounded  1  The  battle  raged  .ercely  for  the  space  of  four  and  a  h;  :r  hours, 
when  a  sudden  sally  of  the  enomy  from  the  Palncc  gate  upon  their  reJ»r,  forced  the 
surrender  of  such  of  Arnold's  men  as  could  notcffccr  iin  cscr.pe.  Thus,  in  one  brief 
half  day,  vnnished  the  brilliant  anticipations  of  the  preceding  three  months. 

The  number  of  kilkd,  wounded,  and  taken  prisoners  in  this  battle  has  been  vari- 
ously stated,  and  may  not  as  yet  be  definitely  certain.  Immediately  after  the  fight, 
General  Carleton  reported  the  American  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  to  be  one  hun- 
dred. Major  Meiu;s  estimated  the  loss  at  tlie  same  iiutuber.  A  school  history  fixes 
the  kilioi' at  ItiO,  and  the  prisoners  at  42f).  Ware  gives  a  list  of  nnmes,  and  sums 
up  results  as  follows:  Killed,  48;  wounded,  34;  taken  prisoners,  37'2;  total,  4.')4.  This 
is  more  reliable  than  any  statement  tliat  has  previously  been  made.  Yet  this  list 
may  not  include  all  of  either  class.  Of  the  company  with  which  Captain  Thayer 
started  from  Cambridge,  22  were  sent  hat  k  from  the  wilderness  sick,  11  were  killed 
at  Quebec,  27  including  himself  were  taken  prisoners,  3  deserted,  8  enlisted  in  the 
King's  service,  3  entered  on  boaid  a  man-of-war,  and  2  ou  board  fishermen,  leaving 
8  as  escaped,  or  'o  be  otherwise  accounted  for.  Of  Captftin  Morgan's  company,  less 
than  twenty-five  regained  tlieir  native  homes.  '•  Our  loss  aiul  tefiulse,"  says  Arnold, 
in  a  letter  to  Washint'ton,  "struck  an  amazing  panic  into  botli  ofticers  and  men, 
and  had  the  enemy  improved  their  advantage,  our  aflfairs  liere  must  have  been 

•  "  Daylight  had  scarce  made  its  aiipearance.  ore  Colonel  AuNoi.n  was  bniUKlit  in  sup- 
ported by  two  suldlers,  wouniled  in  the  leg  with  a  piece  of  a  musket  ball.  The  linll  bad 
probnMy  come  in  contact  with  a  cannon,  rock  strme  or  tin  like,  ere  it  entered  the  Mif 
which  Iind  cleft  oirniiili  a  third.  I'he  other  two-tliird-i  entered  the  outer  side  of  the  le(< 
about  midway,  and  in  an  obli(nte  course  passed  between  the  lihia  and  lib,.ln,  linlf-pd  in  tliO 
gastncnneniea  muscle  at  the  rise  of  the  tendon  achilles,  where  iip.m  examination  I  ea.-i.) 
di.icnvered  and  extracted  it  llcforc  the  (Colonel  was  done  with,  Major  0<iiii;N  laine  in 
wounded  through  tin'  left  >hould"r.  which  proved  only  a  flesh  wound. 

"  We  were  momentarily  expecting  tl\em  |tl\e  enemy;  out  upon  us,  as  we  concluded 
Arnolil's  division,  then  under  the  c'lnmand  of  Lieut.  Co',  (ireene.  were  all  killed,  cap- 
tured, <kc.  Under  these  circumstance!)  we  pntrented  Colonel  Arnold  fur  his  own  safety  to 
be  carried  back  into  the  country  where  tlo'V  would  nut  readily  find  him  when  out,  hut  to 
no  purpose.  He  woiihl  neither  he  ri'moved  nor  nurter  a  nuin  from  the  Hospital  tu  rutreat. 
He  ordereil  his  pistols  loaded,  with  a  sword  on  his  lied,  (kc,  adding  that  he  wus  determined 
to  kill  as  many  as  possible  il  they  came  into  the  room.  We  were  n<iw  all  soldiers,  even  to 
tho  wound«d  In  their  beds  were  ordered  a  gun  by  their  side. "—/)r.  Senler't  Journal. 

t  Ilenry.  pp.  117-119. 


Ii.1 


■:■:«• 


XVI. 


INTRODUCTION. 


M 


entirely  ruined.  It  was  not  in  my  power  to  prevail  on  the  offli-ers  to  attempt  saving 
our  morters,  wliich  iiad  been  placed  in  St.  Hoqu-.'s.  Of  course  they  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy.  Upwards  of  one  hundred  offlcers  and  soldiers  instantly  set 
oflT  lor  Montreal,  and  it  wa«  v.ith  the  greatest  difficulty  I  could  persuade  tlie  rest  to 
make  a  stand." 

"  Durinir  the  ni;,'ht  of  the  attack  on  Quebec,  there  was  a  tempestuous  snow-storm. 
The  bodies  of  the  persons  slain  unJer  the  cliff  of  Cape  l)iamond,  were  not  diseov- 
erel  till  niorninj;,  when  they  were  found  nearly  enveloped  in  snow.  Thoy  weroi 
taker,  into  the  city  on  a  sled.  1  lirce  of  them  were  known  to  the  otflcer.",  and  from 
the  initials  R.  M.  written  in  a  fur  cap,  picked  up  at  the  place  of  the  bloody  catas- 
tioplie,  it  was  conjectured  to  have  belon^^cd  to  General  Montj^omery.  His  featmxjs 
were  (listigured  by  a  wound,  whicli  he  had  received  in  the  lower  part  of  the  head 
and  no  k.  At  lunijth  a  woman  and  a  boy  were  brou;?ht,  who  Iiad  lately  come  into 
the  city  from  the  Ainericau  camp,  and  who  had  often  seen  the  principal  officers. 
They  identified  the  bodies  of  Montgomery,  Captain  Mcl-herson,  Captain  Cheese- 
man,  and  an  Orderly  Sergeant. 

Mr.  Craniahe,  an  (.fflcer  in  the  lititish  army,  and  for  a  time  Lieutenant  Governor 
of  Canada,  h;id  served  in  the  late  (French]  war  with  Montgomery,  and  entertained 
for  him  a  warm  personal  attachment.  He  as-ked  permission  of  Gencr.al  Carleton  to 
bury  his  friend  with  marks  of  honor  and  respect.  This  was  granted  in  part,  and  a 
coffin  lined  with  black  was  provided.  Hut  the  Governor  did  not  consent  to  the 
readiuK  of  the  funeral  service,  probably  not  deeming  this  inilulgencc  conformable 
to  military  rules.  But  when  the  time  of  burial  approached,  Mr.  Cramahe  invited  P 
clergyman  (Rev.  Mr.  de  MontmolinJ  to  bo  present,  who  read  the  service  privately 
ami  unmolested."* 

General  Montgomery  was  buried  on  the  evening  of  January  4th,  near  the  ram- 
parts bounding  en  St.  Louis-Gate.  There  the  body  rested  until  June,  1818,  when  it 
was  exhumed  and  conveyed  to  the  city  of  New  York,  and  reenterred  with  the  high- 
est civil  and  military  honors.  The  (ieneral's  sword,  after  he  fell,  was  taken  by 
James  Thompson,  a  'itizcn  of  Q  lebee,  who  -crvcd  in  the  capacity  of  Assistant 
Engineer  during  the  siege  of  the  city,  by  whom  it  was  worn  until  going  one  day  to 
the  Seminary  where  the  American  officers  were  lodge''.,  they  recognized  it  and  were 
moved  to  tears.  Out  of  respect  to  their  feelings  he  laid  it  aside,  and  never  wore  it 
more.  The  Gi  lal's  knee  l;ackles  were  given  by  Major  McKenzie  to  M  ijor  Meigs, 
as  was  aMo  a  t'old  broach  that  belonged  to  Capt.  McPhcrson.  Both  the  General's 
aides.  Captains  Mcl'herson  and  Cheeseman,  were  buried  in  their  clothes  without 
coffins,  and  in  the  military  manner. 

Several  circutiiKtances  combined  to  render  this  attack  unsuccessful.  In  the  first 
place,  the  Indian  Messensrer  by  whom  Colonel  Arnold,  while  on  his  march,  for- 
warded a  letter  to  Mr.  Mercier,  of  Motitreal,  proved  treacherous,  and  delivered  it 
to  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  thereby  revealing  impending  danger,  and  affording 
about  twenty  days'  titne  to  put  the  city  of  Quebec  in  a  stale  of  defence.  Then  there 
was  a  delay  of  several  dii\s  after  arriving  at  Point  Levi,  opposite  Quebec,  in  getting 
a;i  the  troops  across  the  river,  the  enemy  (apprised  of  their  approach)  having 
destroyed  all  the  canoes  upon  which  Arnold  had  relied,  at  that  point  This  delay 
enabled  the  Governor  to  avail  of  the  services  of  one  hundred  men,  chiefly  carpen- 
ters, who  arrived  in  a  vi'.:'!n\  from  Ncwl'oundhind  November  5th,  in  re|)airing  the 
defences,  and  in  making  platforms  for  the  cannon.  It  also  afforded  time  for  Colo- 
nel M'lclean  to  reach  the  city  with  170  men  of  his  regiment,  with  which  to  mm  the 
fortifications.    This  was  a  very  important  fact  in  its  bearings  upon  the  general  ope- 


•Spark's  Washington,  ill,  p,  204,  note. 


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INTRODUCTION. 


xvn. 


rations;  for  tip  to  Nov.  5tli,  when  Arnold's  forces  were  at  St.  Mary's,  thirty  miles 
from  Qiipbec,  tliore  w:is  not  a  soldier  in  tlie  city,  and  liad  he  pushed  on  and 
readied  there  on  tlie  lOtli,  witli  oven  liidf  his  force,  the  piitcs  of  tlie  city  would  have 
been  opened  toliiin.  Tlien,  finally,  tlio  death  of  Genera!  Jlnnt^omcry  and  his  own 
wounded  condition  changed  the  situation  of  afl'airs  at  a  eritieal  moment,  and  that 
portion  of  the  troops  leil  liy  (Jeneral  Montironi'-ry  havinsr  retreated  after  his  fall, 
trave  the  enemy  an  o])portunity  to  turn  their  wlidle  force  ancl  attention  upon  those 
who  remained  still  fiK'itinfr.  To  contend  longer  wltli  superior  numbers  was  only  to 
sacrifice  life  without  an  equivalent;  and  after  a  sortie  hy  the  enemy,  in  wliich  they 
captured  an  entire  company,  and  retreat  appeared  impracticable,  surrenderor  anni- 
hilation became  inevitable.  The  first  of  these  alternatives  was  chosen,  and  after 
maintaining  their  ground  from  C)^  o'clock  until  10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  the  gallant  hand 
gave  themselves  up  prisoners  of  war. 

The  death  of  General  Monttromery  devolved  the  command  of  the  as?anltinfr  forces 
upon  Colonel  Arnold,  but  he  beins  already  wounded  w\s  unable  to  act,  and  tem- 
porarily (rave  the  comtnand  to  Colonel  Campbell  Tlie  day  lollowins  the  repulse, 
Arnold  assumed  the  position  that  disaster  had  as^i^ned  him,  and  in  the  midst  of 
excessive  pain  from  his  wound,  besran  to  plan  for  .etrievinj;  the  fortunes  of  his  little 
army.  On  fhelOrhof  January,  Congress  appointed  him  Brisadier  General,  as  a 
reward  f.ir  his  good  conduct  durinir  the  mari>Ji  and  before  Qu'bee. 

The  energy  displayed  by  Arnold,  and  the  fortitude  shown  by  his  men.  extorted 
expres'^ions  of  admiration  from  an  English  writer  describing  the  occurrences  of 
that  remarkable  cam  paifrn.  "  Their  perseverance,"  he  says,  "was  astonishing  in 
their  circumstances.  They  had  lost  bfside  their  General,  (In  whom  it  mi<;htbesaid 
all  their  hopes  and  confidence  resided,)  the  best  of  their  own  oflieers,  and  the  brav- 
est of  tlicir  fellows,  with  a  part  of  their  small  artillery.  The  hope  of  assistance  was 
distant,  and  at  best,  the  arrival  of  succors  must  be  slow.  It  was  well  known  that 
the  Canadians,  besides  being  naturdly  quick  and  fickle  in  their  resolutions,  were 
peculiarly  disposed  to  be  biased  by  success,  so  that  their  assistance  now  grew  ex- 
tremely precarious.  The  severity  of  a  Canadian  winter  was  also  far  beyond  any- 
thing they  were  acquainted  with,  and  the  snow  lay  about  five  feet  deep  upon  a  level. 
In  the.se  circumstances,  it  required  no  small  share  of  activity,  as  well  as  address, 
to  k'jep  them  in  any  manner  together.  Arnold,  wlio  hnd  hitherto  displayed  uncom- 
mon talents  in  his  march  into  Canada,  (which  may  be  compared  to  the  ;:r'atest 
things  done  in  that  kind)  discovered  on  this  occasion  the  utmost  vigor  of  a  deter- 
mined mind,  and  a  genius  full  of  resources.  Defeated  and  wounded  as  he  was,  he 
put  his  troops  into  such  a  --iiuation  as  to  keep  th"m  formidable."* 

Arnold  wrote  to  Washington  from  Quebec,  on  the  SVth  of  February,  and  seemed 
in  high  spi.'its,  though  encomi)iiSsed  with  innumerable  difficulties.  His  mind  was 
of  so  clastic  a  nature,  that  the  luoie  it  was  pp'ssed,  tlie  greater  was  its  power  of  re- 
sistance." The  severity  of  the  climate,"  he  observes,  "  the  troops  very  ill  clad  and 
worse  paid,  the  trouble  of  reconciling  matters  among  the  inhabitants, t  and  lately 

*Animnl  Register,  1770,  p.  16. 

t  One  (lifficalty  experienced  by  the  American  Army  grew  out  of  the  scarcity  of  hard 
money  in  the  rnymaster's  Kxchequer,  and  for  whicli  Coutineiitiil  pnper  money  was  sub.sti- 
tutod.  Of  this  tlio  inhabitants  of  Canada  were  distnistfiil,  and  wore  unwilling  to  reoivo 
it  in  payment  for  supplies,  especially  as  nrniy  drafts  liail  freiiuently  l)een  dUhonored. 
When  this  currency  was  forced  upon  them  as  their  only  alternative,  It  Is  not  surprising 
that  a  feeling  akin  to  indignation  .should  liuve  been  excited.  An  actor  in  the  scenes  of  the 
Canadian  campaign  writes  :  '  Our  Continental  Money  recjuired  n  r/iun!  di'nl  ot'//es/if>i/ation 
to  make  it  go.  It  was  not  much  relished  by  onr  Canadian  friends,  at  its  par  valne.  One 
of  my  amusements  was  to  play  tricks  ui)on  an  old  nuirket  woman,  who  retailed  articles  out 
of  a  dog-cart,  still  a  vehicle  of  great  repute  in  Canada.  Her  shrill  voice,  ami  exclanuitiong 
of  vela  (voiltt)  mauvay  (mauvai.s)  Bostony !  Ptill  liaunt  my  memory."— jf'/ie  Sexagenary,  p.  46. 

C 


h-'i 


xvm. 


INTRODUCTION. 


h* . 


nn  uneasiness  among  some  of  the  New  York  and  other  offleers,  who  think  them- 
eelves  ne^lccteil  in  the  new  avranfjement,  wliilc  tliose  wlio  deserted  the  cause  and 
•went  home  last  lall  huvi'  l)ceii  i)iomote(i;  in  short,  tlie  clioiee  of  difficulties  I  have 
had  to  encounter  lias  rendcnd  affairs  so  )icii)iexin<;,  tliat  I  liave  often  Itcen  at  a  loss 
how  to  conduct  tlieui."  He  alludes  here,  and  pcrliaps  witli  some  justice,  to  the 
case  of  Colonel  Knus,  and  his  otlicers,  who  as  already  mentioned,  deserted  liini  in 
the  wilderness  on  their  way  to  Canada,  but  were  nevertheless  retained  and  pro- 
moted in  the  new  esialilishmcnt.* 

riiis  disastrous  repulse  did  not  crush  out  hope  of  ultimate  success.  "Quebec 
appears  to  me,"  writes  Arnold  to  the  Continental  Consress,  "an  object  of  the 
highest  importance  to  the  Colonies,  and,  if  proper  mctliods  arc  adopted,  must  inev- 
itably fall  into  their  hands  before  the  parrisoii  can  bo  relieved."  He  adds,  "  I  beg 
leave  to  recommend  the  sending;  a  body  of  at  least  rtvo  thousand  men,  with  au 
experienced  Gene'"',  into  Canada  as  early  as  possil)lc;  and  in  the  mean  time  that 
every  possible  preparation  of  mortars,  howitzers,  and  some  heavy  cannon  should  be 
made,  as  the  season  will  permit  our  raising  batteries  by  the  middle  of  March ;  which 
may  very  possibly  be  aftcndid  with  success,  as  we  can  place  our  mortars  under 
cover  within  two  hundred  yards  of  the  walls,  and  within  one  thousand  feet  of  the 
centre  of  the  town."t  In  his  futiac,  Arnold  calculated  largely  on  the  good  will  of 
the  citizens,  who  were  supposed  to  he  friendly  to  his  success.  "  I  am  well  assured," 
ho  says,  "  moi-e  than  one-half  of  tlie  inhabitants  of  Quebec  would  gladly  open  the 
gates  to  us,  but  are  prevented  by  the  strict  discipline  and  watch  kept  over  them; 
the  command  of  the  guards  being  constantly  given  to  officers  of  the  Crown  known 
to  be  firm  in  their  interest.  Tlie  garrison  consists  of  about  fifteen  hundred  men, 
great  part  of  whom  Governor  Carleton  can  place  no  confidence  in,  or  he  would  not 
suffer  a  blocKade,  and  every  distress  of  a  siege,  by  i-cven  hundred  men,  our  force 
consisting  of  no  more  at  piesent,  including  Colonel  Livingston's  regiment  of  two 
hundred  Canadians  " 

Washington  warmly  sympathized  with  the  determined  persistent  spirit  of  Arnold, 
and  had  it  been  in  his  power  would  gladly  have  given  him  the  reenforcements  ho 
desired. t"      It  would  give  mo  great  pleasure,"  he  said,  "if  I  could  be  the  happy 

*  Sparks. 

t '  The  'iiJ  of  this  month  [January]  a  battery  opened  from  the  bank  of  Charles  river,  by 
name  of  Smith's  battery.  From  this  was  ilischarpod  red  hot  shot,  in  liopps  of  firing  thg 
town.  Tlioy  rctiiniod  tlic  tiro  oxcccdinf;  heavy,  liut  no  coiisiflcrablc  liarni  from  cither  side. 
Two  of  our  artillory-nion  wore  wounded  very  iimeli  by  tlie  cartridpos  taking  fire  while 
ramminp  tliem  home,  but  recovered  afiain.  The  enemy  continued  their  cann(niado  and 
bombardment  excessive  heavy,  wliile  we  were  restricted  to  a  certain  inni.lier  per  day,  in 
conseiiuenco  of  very  little  ammunition.  There  was  very  little  damage  from  either  cauuou 
or  bombs." — Senter. 

t  January  27,  177G,  Washington  wrote  to  Arnold :  "  I  need  not  mention  to  you  the  great 
importance  of  this  place,  and  the  consequent  i)ossession  of  all  Canada,  in  tlie  scale  of 
American  affnirs.  You  are  well  apprised  of  it.  To  whomsoever  it  belongs,  in  their  favor, 
proliably,  will  the  balance  turn.  If  it  is  in  onrs.  success  I  think  will  most  certainly  crown 
our  virtuous  struggles.  If  it  is  in  theirs,  tlie  cinitest  at  best  will  bo  doubtful,  hazardous, 
and  bloody.  The  glorious  work  must  be  accom)ilislied  in  the  course  of  this  winter,  other- 
wise it  will  become  dilticult,  most  probably  imiiracticable;  for  administration,  knowing 
that  it  will  be  impossible  ever  to  reduce  us  to  a  state  of  slavery  and  arbitrary  rule  without 
it  will  certainly  send  a  Large  re-euf'orcemeiit  tliillier  in  tho  sjiring.  1  am  fully  convinced 
that  your  exertions  will  be  invariably  directed  to  this  grand  object,  and  I  already  view  the 
approaching  day,  when  you  and  your  brave  followers  will  enter  this  important  fortress, 
with  every  honor  attendant  on  victory.  Then  will  you  have  added  the  only  link  wanting 
In  the  groat  chain  of  Continental  union,  and  render  the  freedom  of  your  country  secure." 
The  conlidcnt  expectations  here  expressed  were  destined  live  months  later  to  be  sadly  dis- 
appointed. 


T^ 


INTRODUCTION. 


XIX. 


means  of  relieving  our  fellow-citizens  now  in  Cnnartn,  nnd  prevent  tlie  ministerial 
troops  from  cxultinj?  long,  and  aviiiliny;  tliomsolv(.'s  oC  ilic  ailvaiitii;ies  iirisini,'  Irom 
this  repulse.  But  it  is  not  in  my  power.  Since  tliu  dissolution  ol  the  old  anriy,  the 
pro^rei s  in  raising  rcciuits  for  the  new  1ms  been  so  very  slow  and  ineons;  ieruble, 
that  five  thousand  militia  have  been  called  for  the  defence  of  onr  lines.  A  y:Tcat 
part  of  these  have  gone  homo  ay:nin,  and  the  rest  have  been  induced  to  stay  with 
thi;  utmost  difficulty  and  persuasion,  thoiifili  iheir  j;oini,'  would  render  the  holding 
of  the  lines  truly  precarious  and  hazardous,  in  case  of  un  attack.  In  sliort,  I  have 
not  a  man  to  spare." 

but  Washintrton  was  not  idle.  He  nailed  a  council  of  general  officers,  who  after 
due  consideration  of  the  importance  of  su.staniin;:  Arnold,  "determined  that  the 
Colonies  of  Massachusetts,  New  lliimpshire,  and  Connecticut  .'•houkl  each  immedi- 
ately raise  a  regiment  to  continue  in  service  for  one  year,  and  to  march  fonliwitli 
to  Canada."  Witliout  waiting  for  Congress  to  carry  out  a  resolution  to  raise  nine 
battalions  for  thnt  purpose,  passed  before  the  news  of  tlie  failure  of  tlie  attack  on 
Quebec  had  readied  them,  VVashiiiiiton  «<ldreNsed  letters  to  the  General  Court  of 
Massachusetts,  to  the  Goverimr  of  Connecticut  and  to  the  President  of  the  Conven- 
tion of  New  Hampshire,  requesting  them  to  act  at  once  upon  the  decision  of  the 
war  council.  Connecticut  had  already  anticipated  tlie  call,  and  sent  off"  troops  with- 
out delay  to  Canada,  under  tiie  command  of  Colonel  Warner.  Other  truops  fol- 
lowed. 

After  the  fall  of  Montgomery,  General  Schuyler  was  expected  to  repair  to  Can- 
ada, and  take  the  chief  command,  but  continued  ill  health  and  other  causes  induced 
him  to  decline  going  there.  In  February,  1770,  General  Leo  was  desigiuited  by 
Congress  for  that  field,  but  was  soon  after  transferred  to  the  command  of  tlie  Con- 
tinental forces  South  of  the  Potomac,  much  to  the  prutitication  of  Washington,  who 
had  already  found  lilm  "  fickle  and  violent."  For  a  few  months,  General  Wooster 
was  the  higliest  offi;er  in  Canada.  On  the  1st  of  April  he  took  command  of  the 
army  before  Quebec,  and  on  the  day  following,  Arnold  liaving  received  an  injury 
from  ills  horse  falling  upon  him,  retiiea  on  leave  to  Montreal  for  recovery-*  May 
Ist,  General  Wooster  gave  place  to  General  Thonias  of  Itussaehuiielts.  About  this 
time  a  plot  was  formed  to  burn  the  shipping  of  the  enemy  in  tlie  harbor.  A  fire 
ship  was  completed  in  charge  of  Adjut mt  Anderson,  a  very  brave  otflccr,  but  proved 
abortive  by  reason  of  the  tide  ebbing  before  he  could  ^et  up  to  the  shipping.  The 
combustibles  took  fire  before  he  iiiiended,  by  which  accident  he  was  much  burnt. 
He  was,  however,  got  on  shore,  and  no  lives  were  lost.t 

When  General  Tliomns  arrived  at  the  camp  before  (iuebec,  he  found  his  army 
there  to  consist  of  lUUO  men.  Of  these,  only  Kl'K)  were  fit  for  duty,  olli.  ers  included. 
The  remainder  wer.;  invalids,  chiefiy  confined  with  tlie  small  pox.  Three  hundred 
of  the  effective  were  soldiers  whose  enlistments  liad  expired.  Many  of  these 
peremptorily  refused  duty,  and  all  were  importunate  to  return  home.  In  all  the 
magazines  there  weie  but  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  of  powder,  and  not  more 


♦February  15th,  1776,  Congress  appointed  Dr.  Franklin,  Samuel  Chase  and  Charles  Car- 
riill  Coniniissioiicrs  to  repair  to  Canada,  and  use  all  suitable  inea.is  to  induce  the  Canadi- 
ans to  join  the  other  colonies  in  the  contest  with  England.  They  wen;  accompanied  by 
llovcrend  Jolin  Carroll,  afterwards  Catliolic  Archbisliop  of  ISaltiniore,  whose  iufiuence 
witli  tliu  people  it  was  thought  would  be  useful,  on  account  of  liis  religious  principles  and 
character.  Tliey  arrived  at  Jlontreal  Ajiril  2!1tli,  and  used  every  ef'ort  in  tlioir  power  to 
aeconiplisli  the  object  (d' their  inission,  without  success.  Ill  health  caused  Dr.  Franklin  to 
return  ij  a  few  days.  His  associates  remained  till  after  the  American  forces  had  retreated 
to  fcjorel,and  were  preparing  to  evacuate  Canada. — Sparks. 

tSentor.  -    . 


XX. 


INTRODUCTION. 


mi 


than  SIX  days  provisions.  The  French  inhal)ifants,  too,  were  much  disaffected, 
wliicli  rinilerid  it  nioio  (lifHcult  to  obtain  supplii's  in  the  country.* 

Th3  .«tate  of  blockaiie  in  which  Ariold,  iinnieiliiitdy  after  tlic  battle  of  December 
31>t,  had  placed  (Juclx'c,  ilid  not  prevent  re-infi>iccmcnts  being  tlirown  into  that 
city.  Iti-fore  ihe  iiriiviil  of  General  Tlionias  tlie  enemy  liad  in  tiieir  nia^a/.iiie  more 
than  .'iOOO  liarrcis  of  jxjwdcr,  10,000  stands  of  arms,  iind  a  iarf,'e  quantiiy  of  artillery 
stores.  Two  trifrates  am'  n  number  of  oilier  vessels  were  in  ilie  iiarbor,  reaily  to 
rt'iidtr  aid  to  tlie  Biiiish  garrison.  On  tlic  lOtli  of  May  five  more  ships  of  war  were 
added  to  the  nnval  lorcc  of  the  enemy.  The  besieged,  under  Ik'Hujeiin,  aticninted 
ill  Murcli  to  rnise  the  blockiidc,  but  failc<l.  In  ]\Iay,  however,  a  sally  was  Tuade  by 
the  liiiri  Json  upon  ilie  Con  ental  forci  s.  who  wore  so  disjiersi!  I  tliit  not  more  than 
two  hundral  men  could  \i<  "ilected  at  licad  quarters,  which  compelled  a  retreat  to 
tlic  moutli  of  tliu  Sorel.  This  was  niaile  in  ilie  utmost  precipitation  and  confusion, 
with  the  loss  of  cannon,  batteries,  provi-ions,  live  hundred  stands  of  small  anus,  and 
u  biittiati  liiiid  ct  powder  f;i)iiif5  down  with  CoUmil  Allm  t  Two  of  the  enemy's 
fr'g.i;es  proceeded  iiuinedii'tely  up  the  rive,  not  only  to  annoy  the  retreatiii!;  troops 
ou  their  nuirch,  but  also  to  seek  seveial  vessels  of  the  licet  wliieli  General  Mont- 
ponifiy  broujilit  from  Moiitrcal.  H'ind  and  tide  favoiir,jj  the  enemy's  frij^aies,  they 
were  biou:;ht  within  caniun  shot  of  the  American  vessels  before  lliey  could  jrct 
uu'Jcr  way.  They  hauled  upon  our  shippinj?  so  rapidly  as  to  oblisrc  the  C.;ptidii3 
to  run  them  asliore,  and  set  them  on  (ire.  They  kept  in  pursuit  up  the  river  both  by 
land  and  by  water,  inci-casiiif;  the  disorder  of  the  retreat. 

The  detiuhnieiit  s'ationed  at  Point  Levi,|  as  well  as  those  at  Cliairleboie,  were 
not  appriM'd  u!' u  leircat  till  they  saw  the  I'roviiicials  (luittin;,' the  (ground  Tlicy 
Were  for(eu  to  escape  thri.uj;li  the  woials  a  very  jirrat  distance  bel'ore  they  fell  in 
with  the  St.  Lawrence.  Most  of  the  sick  fell  mio  the  liuiids  of  the  enemy,  with 
all  the  hospital  stores,  &c.  The  lir,;i  stand  iiMde  was  at  (Jhanibaud,  forty-live  miles 
from  Quebec,  but  iici  beiii^'  atiieto  <(dlcrt  sullicieiit  provisions  they  were  oi)!i;^>(l  to 
abaiidoti  the  (ositioii  ai'd  juocecd.  "  I  he  poor  inlmliiiaiils,  secinu;  the  army  aban- 
doiiiiiji  their  (t-untry,  were  in  the  utmost  eonstcitiatioii,  cxpectin;:,  as  many  had 
been  aiding  us  in  every  wuy,  to  be  sucrili.'ed  to  the  b.irburity  of  those  whose  sever- 
ity they  had  Ion;;  fcit,  thou'^ih  under  the  specious  pretence  of  civil  Kovcriiineiit, 
which,  In  tact,  had  been  in  csseiiie  noihi;.({  liut  au  uriofrant  military  one.  No  pro- 
visioif  tould  !)e  obtained  but  by  furce  ol  arms.  No  conveniences  for  fcrryinj,'  tlio 
troops  over  the  rivers  cnipiyiiif;  in  upon  liilior  side  of  the  St.  Lawrcnc'.-,  except  a 
funoe  or  two,  and  these  w  re  rare.  I  tie  spriii);  Hood  had  submer^red  many  low 
places,  and  the  urniy  was  obliK^d  to  travel  a  t{rcat  distaneu  mound  them.    lit  this 


t 


•Letter  of  General  'llu>ni4'<  to  Wiishin){ton,  Moy  8,1776.  On  the  nuine  day,  Arnold 
writes  from  Montreal:  "  Woliave  very  little  priivislons,  no  ciwli  and  l«ii«  credit." 

t  The  town  of  Sorel,  or  (.is  it  is  Honu'tliiies  uullcdi  Wlllliuii  Henry,  stands  on  the  site  of  a 
fort,  Indll  in  the  year  bUlti,  hy  order  of  Mens,  ilo  Tracy.  It  wai:  inteiideil  as  a  (Icfcnco 
nirnlnsi  the 'nonr-ions  of  tlic  IikIIuiis.  and  received  Its  name  of  ."Siiri'l  fruni  u  <  iiptuln  of 
eii|<ineers  wno  saperliKcnded  its  i'oii>triU'tlon. 

rile  river  ,Sorel  Is  tun  liniiilied  ami  lit'ly  vai.  lirond  o|i|i(mitc  to  the  Inwn,  but  II  presentu 
a  singular  I'Xuiiiple  el  II  rl\er  iiiiirh  nurrowcr  at  its  euilMinchiire  Ihun  at  its  origin.  Hh 
nieie  than  tour  lilae^  a*  wlih'  at  .'St.  •lolin's,  as  at  .Sorel,  and  ciintinacH  to  widen  all  the 
wuv  np  the  streuni,  to  the  Lake  <  lininpluin.  I'rom  !St.  John's  theix^  is  iilsii  a  ship  iiuvlgu- 
tioii  into  til"  lake :  but  from  the  town  of  tSorel,  veiiteU  o!  one  hiiiidreU  and  lifly  tuna  BHOend 
uidy  Iwelvo  or  fourteen  luiles.— A'i//iiH(jn'»  J'our. 

t  Colonid  (  lintiui,  afterward')  well  known  In  our  Uevoliitinn  am  a  ftallunt  freneral  ofllcer, 
and  new  no!  less  reuieiiibeii  d  us  IIh' father  <'rtlii>  llbistrioiis  DeW'itt  Clinton,  voiiiniuniU'd 
a  battery  at  I'uiut  Levi,    lie  ufterwardr  comiiiauded  at  MuiilrciU.  —  Tht:  St xayamrii,  p.  41. 


IN-lflODUCTION. 


XXI. 


perplexed  situation,  thcv  arrived  at  Sorel,  about  forty  miles  below  Montreal,  where 
lliey  made  a  stand  and  <  oilecred  our  whole  force."* 

At  Sorel,  General  Thoni  iS  died  of  small  pox.t  On  lieinfi;  taken  pick,  he  sent  for 
GeneriU  Wooster,  then  at  Montreid,  to  come  and  take  the  command,  wliieh  for  a 
short  time  he  did.  IJut  General  Sullivan  was  already  on  his  way  to  Canada  with 
re-enforcements,  to  join  General  Thomas,  aiid  the  death  of  that  officer  devolved  on 
him  the  command.  He  advanced  to  Sorel,  where  ho  estib'.ished  his  head  quarters. 
His  entire  force  consisted  of  alioiit  .1."iOO  men,  and  he  felt  confident  of  soon  heinf? 
al'lc  to  reduce  Quebec.  Wiitins  to  Washinj^tou  in  filowinji;  stndns,  undei  date  of 
Jun.;  .Oth,  he  says:  "  Our  affairs  here  have  taken  a  stranf^e  turn  since  our  .arrival. 
The  Canadians  are  flocking  by  hundreds  to  take  a  part  with  us.    I  am  eiving  them 


[Tlic  followlni?  should  prercle  the  death  of  General  Thomas  mentioned  at  the 
top  of  pii?e  XXI.  I 

Colonel  Bedel,  with  S.'JO  continental  tn.ops,  held  a  post  at  the  Cedars,  about  forty 
three  miles  above  Moiitreil.  Learuinii  on  the  l.'ith  May  tl.at  a  purty  of  the  eneniv 
co.isistiiifT  of  about  fiOO  resulars  and  Indians  were  m:lrehin^r  to  attack  him,  he  .sJt 
out  for  Montieal  to  obtain  re-enforeements,  leaving  Major  Ktuterlield  ni  cominund. 
On  the  17ih,  during  his  absence,  the  post  was  invested,  and  on  the  10th  contrary  to 
the  remonstrance- of  the  otHcers,  the  fort  and  {rarrison  were  surr(>ii(lered.  On  the 
'JOth  Major  Shurburne  with  100  men,  buided  at  Quinze  ChC-nes,  about  nine  miles 
from  the  Cedars,  where  he  wis  attacked  by  about  fiOO  of  the  enemy,  and  after 
miiintainlHu:  his  ground  for  nearly  an  hou;  >  us  constrainoij  to  retreat,  but  beiuir 
intercepted  on  hi.s  route  was,  witli  his  men,  taken  prisoner.  The  prisoners  after 
the  surrender,  were  treated  with  savatre  barbarity.  One  was  snot  and  while  yot 
alive,  roasti  d,  and  others,  worn  tlown  by  famine  and  cruelty,  were  left  exposed  on 
an  Island  to  perish  with  eold  and  hunirer.  General  Arnold  advanced  from  Montreal 
to  attack  Quinze  ChC-nes.  Captain  Kosier,  the  KnuHsh  coinuiander,  sent  a  (htK  to 
meet  him  with  a  proposition  to  cxchan;:e  prisoners,  statiuir  that  If  nut  complied 
with  those  it,  his  possession  rtroul.l  be  expo-eil  to  merciless  treatment  from  his  sav- 
ace  allies,  and  to  save  them  General  Arnold  reluctantly  entered  into  a  egrtel,  and 
the  attack  -viis  not  made.  A  Cintrresslona!  Committee  of  Inquiry  oubseouently 
investiitated  the  whole  subject,  and  reporied  th:it"t'ic  shametul  si-.i-render  of  tiie 
post  at  the  Cedars  was  chargeable  on  the  eoinmandiuir  (iffieer."  (.'nn  1:1  ess  also  con 
demned  in  severe  terms  the  cruellies  praetieed  upon  the  American  prisoners,  and 
other  violations  of  the  comity  of  war.* 

•  rroceedL.gi  uf  ('ongre-«,  1778. 


(Ih  ideil  nipped,  nndlxrlr'iiu'il,  and  iniofllcered.  as  we  are.  II  wi-  aie  pit  soeii  re  eiilcireeii, 
I  treihliU'  fur  llieeienl.  A  Ihsh  uI'  inir  heavy  eaiilicni,  wlileli  is  ull  mli  red  to  .S.nel.  must 
ensue,  if  not  (if  liar  army,  as  imr  ret  re,  1  Is  fur  (rem  l.ehiK  sec\ired.  Ni>t  em  .slmkelioa 
been  Htnick  to  secari'  our  enciUii|imeiil  l.rre.  I  have  ordered  men  out  lo-niorrow  moriihiK 
to  inclose  our  eiicamiiment  ami  the  two  old  1  irts  with  an  hIhiUh  Bad  lueiistwoik.  l>r. 
.'•Irinjfer  is  in  »  disiijfriH'Hliie  .-ilimtieii.  I'liree  llioasaiid  'Men  are  sie.U  here  ittul  ul  (  lianilily, 
and  no  room  or  convenience  (or  tlieui.  1  should  advise  his  going  to  tin'  l"le-aax-Noix, 
wiw  thero  any  conveiih-iicu  fur  the  »ick,  or  boards  to  make  any." 


XX. 


INTRODUCTION. 


-?i 


''i| 

;!ii 


than  six  days  provisions.     The  French  inhabitants,  too,  were  much  disaffectecl, 
wliieh  iciulercd  it  more  difflcult  to  obtain  supplies  in  tlie  country.* 

The  state  of  bloclvaile  in  wliich  .Arnold,  iinmcJiately  after  tlic  battle  of  December 
Slut,  had  placed  Quebec,  did  not  prevent  re-mlnrcements  belr.g  tlnowu  into  that 
city.  Befure  ilic  iinival  of  General  Thomas  the  enemy  had  in  their  mapazine  more 
than  .'iOOO  liarrels  of  powder,  10,000  stands  of  arms,  and  a  larKC  quantiiy  of  artillery 
stores.  Two  trijiates  and  a  number  of  oilier  vessels  were  in  the  harbor,  ready  to 
render  aid  to  tlie  Briiish  garri.-^on.  On  the  lOtli  of  May  tive  more  ships  of  war  wrere 
added  to  tlie  naval  fort'C  of  the  enemy.  The  besie^'Cil,  un-ler  IJ'iuujer.n,  attempted 
in  March  to  rniso  tlie  blockade,  but  failed.  In  May,  liowevcr,  a  sally  wae  made  by 
the  tiariison  upon  the  Continental  foiccs,  who  were  so  dispersed  thit  no'  .nore  than 


** 


nKhiKiiliiicMiiiipli' il  li  liM  r  iiiiuli  miiiMMir  lit  ilc  (■ii\l>imchurt«  than  at  ttniirlKln  It  is 
ni.iiv  iliau  I.  iir  linn-  t>i  uidc  iil  .si.  Juliii's,  as  at  .Siwl,  and  cuiitiinu'H  to 'vldfii  all  llui 
\vii\  ii|.  till'  >ticiiiii,  tu  till'  l.|iUi'  (  lianipluiii.  I'l-.iiii  f*t.  .Inliira  llii'if  is  alsn  a  ship  iiavina- 
tiuii  iiiM  till'  liiki':  iMil  Inpiii  tin-  tuwii  of  .Snrel,  \<'Sb«l»iil  one  haiiilrcd  ami  lil'ly  touii  udcend 
iiuly  Irti'in'ur  (oiirtiM'U  inilvs.  -  .s'i/.'ihi'Im'k  7imc. 

1  (  ol.,i„.l  I  liiiloii,  ariiiH.iiil-  wi'll  known  in  o  ir  ItcvoliitloM  as  a  Kallunl  jreniTal  officer, 
iinil  now  not  Iokc  icniciiiln  n  il  uk  ttio  liitliiT  ofllio  Illiii'Irloas  KoWltU'lin'on,  coitnimndftl 
.,  Uillory  »t  I  ulnl  Levi,    lif  alturttuiOii  cuunuaudeU  at  iloiiUenl.— i/ie  .Sijamuary,p.U. 


Ii»l 


INTRODUCTION. 


XXI. 


perplexed  situation,  they  arrived  at  Sorel,  about  forty  miles  below  Montreal,  wliero 
ihey  made  a  stand  and  collected  our  whole  force."* 

At  Sort'],  General  Thomas  died  of  small  pox.t  On  hein^;  taken  sick,  lie  sent  for 
General  Wooster,  then  at  Montreal,  to  come  and  take  the  command,  which  for  a 
short  time  he  did.  But  General  Sullivan  was  already  on  his  way  to  Canada  with 
re-cnforcements,  to  join  General  Thomas,  and  the  death  of  that  olflcc-r  devolved  on 
him  the  command.  He  advanced  to  Sorel,  where  he  cst-.blished  his  head  quarters. 
His  entire  force  consisted  of  about  3500  men,  and  he  felt  confident  of  soon  l.cinj^ 
able  to  reduce  Quebec.  Wiiting  to  Washinj^toii  in  jjlowinj{  strains,  under  ilate  of 
June  5th,  he  says:  "Our  affairs  here  have  taken  a  strany;c  turn  since  our  arrivnl. 
The  Canadians  are  flocking  by  hundreds  to  take  a  part  with  us.  I  am  giviiijj  them 
commissions  iifireeable  to  the  enclosed  form,  wliich  I  liope  will  not  he  tlioui;lit  an 
unnccei-sary  assumption  of  power.  I  really  find  most  of  them  cxccediiif^ly  friendly. 
I  have  sent  out  for  carts  and  teams,  &c.  They  have  I'lmc  in  with  the  f^reutcst 
cheerfulness;  and,  what  gives  still  (greater  evidence  of  their  friendship  is,  that  they 
have  voluntarily  offered  to  supply  us  with  what  wlieat,  flour,  &c.,  we  want,  and 
ask  notliing  in  return  buteertificites.  They  be;.;iii  to  comr/iain  against  their  priests, 
and  wish  them  to  be  secured;  I  shall,  however,  touch  this  string  with  great  tender- 
ness at  prufcnt,  as  I  know  their  sacerdotal  influence." 

Either  (Jcnernl  Sullivan  was  ureatly  deceived  by  nppearances,  or  had  been  grosslj' 
impose, I  upon  by  false  iirofessions.  At  any  rate,  two  weeks  KufBccd  to  cloud  these 
brigh  skies,  and  doom  him  to  disappointment.  Two  days  after  his  arrival  at  Sorel, 
he  sent  General  Thomjison  with  three  regiments  to  attack  the  enemy  at  Three 
Itivers,  but  unfortunately  f<ir  the  cnfrprlse  Uurgoyne  arrived  the  ni^rht  before  the 
buttle,  with  a  .'•tnng  party,  (icneral  Tlioinp>^on  w«.s  defeated  and  with  other 
otltcers  was  Inkeii  prisoiier.  The  fortunes  of  war  were  now  against  Sullivan. 
There  was  a  want  of  almost  every  necessary  for  the  army,  while  repeated  misfor- 
tunes and  losses  had  greatly  dispirited  the  troops.  The  British  land  force  had  not 
otdy  been  heavily  stretifithened,  but  they  hiid  Ihirty-six  sail  of  vessels  lying  in  tho 
lake  near  Sorel,  and  sixty-six  more  lying  at  Three  Rivers,  Tho  miitibcrs  under 
the  command  of  Sullivan  weic  entiicly  imnleqmite  to  the  work  he  hail  undertaken, 
while  "  small  pox,  famine  and  disord'T,  had  rendered  Ihein  almost  lifeless."  The 
Wiirmth  of  Canailian  friendship,  whu'h  had  been  so  conspiciKnis  when  Montgomery 
crossed  the  line  slvcu  months  before,  uiid  so  smliletdy  cooled  after  flu;  disaster  at 
Quebec,  which  rose  again  to  summer  heat  on  the  appeuranee  of  Suliivitn,  now  sank 
to  zero.  The  tickle  population  chnnued  with  every  tutu  of  foriuii"  Swci  t-s  was 
the  price  to  be  paid  for  their  goml  wMI.  From  a  dou'itful  cause  tin  y  withheld  sup- 
port. Every  day  the  situation  (>f  uffaiis  hccaine  moie  iirecarioiis,  ai  d  in  view  of  idl 
circumstanceB,  a  council  of  war  decided  upon  an  entire  withdrKwal  from  Canaila. 


•Dr.  Sontnr. 

1  .Iinio  i;!,  ITT'),  Arnold  wrote  from  Ht.  Jidm's  to  (iencrnl  ^('llllyl('r  as  I'uIIowb;  "  Near 
one-lmlf  of  oiir  Hritiy  arc  sick,  mostly  with  till' Hinull  pox.  Iftln'  I'lii'iiiy  Invo  a  forco  of 
six  or  clKlit,  anil  Huinc  sny  ten  tlmiisiiiHl  men,  wo  slinll  not  In'  ;itili'  to  miponi'  tlii'in.  sirk, 
dividi'd  rutrjri'd,  iiiKllsclpliiU'.l,  iiiul  iiii.itliei'ri'd  n-  wi'  aii'.  '.\'  wi'  iiii'  u  <<  ^"oii  ro  I'lifoii'iil, 
I  tri'iiilili'  for  tlu'  rvi'iit.  A  loss  of  our  licmy  ciiiuioii,  wlili'li  is  all  oidcii'l  to  .Soicl,  iiiUMt 
<'iisiii',  if  not  of  our  army,  lis  our  rotri'iit  is  fur  from  lichijr  soniii'il  Not  oni'  -irokt' liM 
Im'i'Ii  Ktrtick  to  si'curc  our  ciuMiiupim'iit  liiTi'.  I  Imvc  onlcri'il  iiii'U  out  lo-niorrow  morning 
to  Incloiic  our  cncainiiment  iniil  the  two  ohl  forts  Hjthaii  itlnitin  iniil  liroiistwui  k.  hr. 
Htihi(?er  l.s  ill  u  ilisiij;ii'oalili'  nitiialiou.  Tlirco  tliousiiiid  men  arc  sick  hero  uiid  ul  Clmmbly, 
mill  no  roo-n  or  coiivi'iili'iici'  for  tln'iii.  I  should  lutvisc  his  Ki'iUK  '*>  'he  li«li'-aux-Nolx, 
w«»  tlicru  ony  coiiveiilciice  for  tho  sifk.  or  lioards  In  muke  any." 


ftf'l 


II 


111 

III 


XXll. 


INTRODUCTION. 


This  was  effected  about  the  middle  of  June  in  an  orderly  manner,  without  loss  of 
men,  armament  or  l)a;j:p;ai?o.* 

On  the  17th  of  June,  befc-e  this  event  was  known,  Congress  directed  General 
Wa.shin;;ton  to  send  General  Gates  to  Canada  to  assume  the  chief  command.  Gates 
had  then  a  popular  military  reputation,  and  strong!:  hopes  were  entertained  that  he 
would  soon  be  able  to  K've  a  successful  turn  to  affairs.  Receivinfr  his  instructions 
in  New  York,  he  proceeded  June  'Jd,  by  way  of  Albany  to  Ticonderoga.  But  the 
evacuation  of  Canada,  which  had  already  taken  place,  put  an  end  to  a  project  that 
for  more  than  nine  months  had  occupied  the  attention  of  Congress,  and  which  had 
given  great  anxiety  to  Washington. 

The  termination  of  the  invasion  of  Canada,  so  differently  from  universal  expecta- 
tion, was  a  deep  disappointment  to  the  country.  Life,  treasure  and  time  seemed 
to  have  been  expended  in  vain.t  Yet  thi-s  expenditure  was  not  wholly  without 
compc'iisatlun.  The  experience  galne.!  was  calculated  to  toughen  the  will,  and 
to  make  more  energetic  soldiers  of  both  officers  and  men.  Besides,  viewing 
the  result  through  the  medium  of  subsequent  events,  it  is  questionable  whether 
the  possession  of  Canada  at  that  time  would  have  secured  to  the  Continental 
Confederacy  the  advantages  thei;  anticipated.  It  has  been  said,  wiih  much 
plausibility,  that  had  Quebec  fallen,  while  it  would  have  seemed  a  most  impor- 
tant and  glorious  event,  yet  it  might  liave  been  the  ruin  of  America;  for  in 
order  to  defend  it,  a  considerable  force  would  have  been  requisite,  thus  dividing  our 
strength,  while  the  British,  in  despair  of  recovering  so  strong  a  p'ace,  might  have 
concentrated  their  j,force8  at  New  York,  and  the  capture  of  Burgoyno  would  not 
have  electrified  the  friends  of  liberty  through  America.  J 

But  hov  ^r  this  may  be,  the  plan  of  wresting  Canada  from  Great  Britain,  and 
giving  111.  olessings  of  freedom  to  its  people,  was  a  gran<l  coucei)tion,  while  the 
record  of  the  manly  fortitU'le  displayed  by  the  army  under  the  most  trying  circuin- 
sfsmccs,  ia  a  noble  monument  to  its  patriotism.  The  simple,  unambitious  story 
told  in  the  following  Journal,  well  illustrates  the  spirit  that  fired  the  army  of  the 
Uovolutioii,  and  shows,  in  vivid  light,  how  much  our  ancestors  were  ready  to  endure 
to  secure  for  their  posterity  the  l)oou  of  human  rights.  It  has  been  truly  said, 
"  The  luUKi  ditUcult  uud  laborious  march  of  Arnold  through  hardships  and  dangers 


I'M, 


'■' I  advised  (ieiicral  .Sullivan  to  secure  tils  retreat  l>y  retiring  to  SI.  Jtilin's.  lie  was 
iletiTiiiiiu'tl  to  keep  his  post  at  Sorel,  if  piissilile,  and  did  not  retire  until  the  14th  [June] 
iustuiit,  ut  U'hieli  lime  th<'  enemy  wore  as  iiigh  up  with  their  slilps  us  tlie  tSorel. 

Onthe  ir>th  at  uifiht.  when  ilio  enemy  were  at  twelve  miles  distant  from  me,  I  qnltted 
Mniitreal  witli  my  llttii'  garrison  of  three  liundred  men.  The  wln.Ie  army  with  tlie:r  bug- 
page  niid  (•auniiii  (c'.\ei'i>t  three  heavy  pieces  lull  at  Chnndily.)  arrived  at  .St.  .John's  the 
17th  mill  at  the  Isle-aiix-NoIx  tho  IHth;  previous  to  wiii.;'i  it  wa.<  deteruiiiieil  liy  a  ("ouuoil 
of  War  ut  St.  .JiUnrH,  that  hi  our  dl-'tre''se(l  sitmUion,  (oiu'-Jialf  of  the  ormy  sick,  and 
almost  the  wholo  ili'stitnl*'  of  elothiiig  uiiil  every  necessary  ol  life,  except  salt  ji'tK  ami 
Hour,)  It  was  not  only  im|iruili'iit  hut  impraeticulile  to  kuep  jiosscssion  of  >St.  .lohn's. 
Crowu  I'lilnt  was  jii<l;i('il  the  only  place  of  hrallli  and  safety,  to  which  the  army  could 
retire  atul  ojiposo  llic  I'lieim  It  was  foiiiKl  ueees.-^ary  to  remain  at  the  Isl(••allx-^oix  for 
iome  few  days,  until  the  sick,  heavy  canuuu,  &o.,  could  be  reniovei'.."— -Inio/i/  to  UctUTal 
WiiMnyUm,  JiDtv  'ib,  1T7U. 

t  "  The  loss  of  Canada,"  writes  Hancock,  I'reslilent  of  Congress,  "Is  undoubtedly  on 
Honu*  accounts  to  Im>  vli'wod  in  the  light  of  a  misfortune.  The  Cuntinent  has  been  put  to  a 
great  e\|>ensi>  in  endeavoring  to  get  posseHsiuu  of  it.  That  our  army  should  make  so  pru- 
dent a  letreat,  as  to  save  their  liaggage.  cannon,  ammiiiiitien  and  Hick  from  tailing  iiitu 
the  hands  oi  the  enemy,  is  a  circunistuue  <  that  will  all'ord  a  partial  consolation,  and  retluct 
lionor  upon  the  olliccrs  who  conducted  it." 

;Alleu. 


^ 


INTRODUCTION. 


XXlll. 


that  would  have  appalled  the  stoutest  follower  of  Xenoplion— his  subsequent  siea:o 
and  blockade  of  one  of  the  stronfrcst  military  prists  in  tlie  world,  in  the  heitrt  of  the 
enemy's  country,  in  the  midst  of  a  northern  winter,  where  nothinir  was  si^en  but 
ice  and  snow,  with  raw  recruits,  half  ciad,  half  fed,  and  scarcely  half  covered  from 
the  storms  of  wind  and  snow— the  expedition  to  Canada  may  fairly  be  placed  on  a 
parallel  with  any  of  the  boasted  a<'hievements  of  ancient  Greece  or  Rome"  We 
turn  painfully  away  from  Arnold's  disjiluy  of  patriotic  devotion  in  this  marvelous 
march,  and  before  Quebec,  as  we  remember  his  base  and  heartless  treachery  at  West 
Point.  How  sad,  that  a  life  of  such  glorious  promise  should  have  draped  itself  for- 
ever in  a  robe  of  infamy ! 


-.,      ,  NOTES. 

'^  Dratii  OF  General  MoNTcioMKUT.    Tngo  xvi. 

"  Somo  Americnn  gentlemon  Mrho  were  at  Quebec  about  sixteen  years  since,  saw  a  man 
who  asserted  that  lie  was  llie  person  wlio  touched  ofT  the  cniiiioii,  and  what  was  very 
remarkable  lie  was  a  New  Kiipliiiider.  Ho  related  that  the  barrier  was  ahaiidoned,  and 
that  the  party  wlio  had  l)een  stationed  at  it  were  In  fall  tbpht;  lint  as  it  occurred  to  liiiii 
that  theie  was  n  loaded  cannon,  lie  turned,  and  dlscliarjjed  it  at  random,  and  then  ran. 
Tills  anecdote  I  had  from  one  of  tlie  gentlemen  win;  conversed  with  this  man. 

That  there  was  some  snch  occnrrence,  apjiears  i>rolmble.  and  the  follnwing  circnmstances 
liavini;  a  simMar  beariiifr,  were  related  to  me  by  the  person  who  sliowed  me  this  fatal 
frround.  The  spot  may  be  known  at  the  jiresent  moment,  by  its  I'einp  sumewliat  fartli-r 
np  the  river  than  the  naval  de])ot,  where  preat  nnmbers  of  hi'avy  cannon  are  now  lyinp. 
The  battery  stood  on  tlio  llrst  pentle  declivity,  beyond  this  pile  of  cannon,  and  the  deatlis 
littjipened  on  the  li  vel  ground,  about  forty  yards  still  fartlier  on.  My  informant  statid 
that  the  ]ieoplo  in  tlie  block-house,  as  he  called  it,  londe(l  their  cannon  over  nipht,  and 
retired  to  rest.  It  so  happened,  (and  it  was  perfectly  accidental,)  that  a  Captain  of  a  vessel 
in  1  lie  jiort,  lodged  in  the  block-honse  that  nipht.  He  was  an  intemperate  man  half 
delirious  when  most  solier,  n.iid  never  minded  any  one  or  was  much  listened  to  by  others 
Early  on  the  fatal  momiiip,  before  light,  he  exclaimed  all  of  a  tadden, — '  tlicy  are  com- 
ing. I  s r  they  are  coming  "     No  one  regarded  him  but  he  got  the  iron  rods,  which 

they  used  to  touch  off  the  cannon,  heated  them,  and  lired  the  pieces.  Immediately  sky 
rockets  were  seen  to  tly  into  the  air,  which  were  signals  to  Arnold's  party  that  all  «as  lost. 
AVIien  light  returned,  (Jeneral  Montgomery  and  his  aiils  and  many  olliers,  in  the  whole 
twenty-seven  (as  he  stated,)  were  found  either  dead  or  grievously  wounded  " — Sillimdii'g 
Tour,  IHl'J. 


WAeui>'aT0N  TO  Abnoi.I)  on  the  Death  ok  Montoomeuy. 

Cambridge,  27th  January,  1V76. 
Di-.AU  Sin: 

On  the  ntli  instant  I  received  the  melancholy  account  of  the  unf<irtiinate  attack  on  llui 
city  of  (jaeliec,  attended  with  the  full  of  Cieneral  Montgomery  und  other  brave  olllcers  und 
men,  and  of  your  being  wounded. 

Ibis  unhaiipy  allldr  alVects  me  in  a  very  sensible  manner,  and  I  sincirely  condob'  with 
yon  upon  the  occasion;  lull,  in  the  midst  of  distress,  '  am  happy  to  llnd  that  suitable 
honors  were  jioid  to  the  remains  of  Mr  Montgomery:  ami  that  our  otUcers  and  soldiers, 
who  have  fallen  into  their  hands,  were  treated  with  kindness  und  humaulty. 


li 


CoLOKKi.  AiXNOLD'a  A   rovKT  Of  TUB  ATTArK  on  tiUKBKc,  iif  A  Lbtteu  to 

CiKNKRAL  WooSTEIt. 

--      —     -       ,,  -  ^-      ,-  tieneral  lio-^pitnl,  81  December,  17Tr», 

n  Pin;— I  make  no  doubt  but  Oeneral  Montgomery  aei|iiaiiiled  you  with  his  inten- 
of  itormiug  l^uuketi  a*  ituuu  aa  a  guuU  opportunity  ullorutl.    An  wu  had  sevnral  men 


\ 


^ 


XXIV. 


INTRODirCTION. 


m 


A 


despitnd  from  us  a  fow  days  past,  the  Gonoral  was  itiducprt  to  nltor  his  plan,  wh!ch  was  ta 
have  Httackod  thi>  I  i)poi'  and  Lower  Town  at  tho  same  time.  He  tlioiijrht  it  most  prudont 
to  malvi'  two  diU'crciit  nttaclis  upon  the  Lower  Town;  tlie  on<>  at  Capo  J)ianiouil,  tlie  otlier 
through  St.  Hoc.  For  tlie  last  attack,  I  was  ordorod  witli  my  own  detactimont  and  Cap- 
tain Liirnl)'s  ciimi>atiy  of  artillory.  At  fivo  o'clock,  tho  hour  appointed  for  tlio  attack,  a 
fali^o  attack  was  ordered  to  lie  iniide  ujion  the  Upjier  Town. 

AVe  accordlnply  bepau  our  marcli.  I  jiassed  tlirouRh  St.  Roc,  and  approached  near  a 
two-pun  ))attery,  picketed  in,  witlmut  beinjr  discovered,  wliicli  we  attacked.  Itwa-s  bravely 
defended  for  about  an  liour;  but  witli  tlie  loss  of  a  uunibor  of  men,  we  carried  it.  In  the 
atluck,  I  was  shot  throufih  the  lep,  and  was  oblipcd  to  bo  carried  to  the  hosiiitiil.  where  I 
soim  heard  the  dis  ipreeable  news  that  the  (leneral  was  defeated  at  Cape  Diamond ;  himself, 
Ci!j)tain  Macpherson,  his  Aide  de  Camp,  and  Captain  Clieeseman,  killed  on  the  spot,  with 
a  number  of  others  not  known.  After  fraining  the  battery,  my  detachment  pushed  on  to 
a  second  barrier,  which  tliey  took  possession  of.  At  tho  same  time,  the  enemy  sallied  out 
from  I'alace  <iate,  and  attacked  them  in  the  rear.  A  lield-piecc.  which  the  rou);hne.ss  of 
the  road  would  not  pcrmu  our  carrying  on,  fell  into  the  enemy's  hands,  with  a  number  of 
])risoni'rs.  The  last  accounts  from  my  detachment,  about  ten  minutes  since,  they  were 
jMishinj;  for  the  Lower  Town.  Their  commutdcation  with  me  was  cot  off.  I  am  exceed- 
ingly apprehensive  what  the  event  will  be;  they  will  either  carry  the  Lower  Town,  bo 
made  prisoners,  or  cut  to  pieces. 

I  thought  proper  to  send  an  e.\iiress  to  lei  you  know  the  critical  situation  wo  are  in,  and 
make  no  doubt  yon  will  give  us  all  the  assistance  in  your  power.  As  I  am  not  able  to  act, 
I  shall  give  up  the  command  to  Colonel  Campbell.  I  beg  you  will  immediately  send  an 
express  to  the  Honorable  Continental  Congress,  and  Uis  Excellency  Genernl  Wa.sliington. 
The  loss  of  my  detachment  before  I  left  it,  was  about  twenty  men  killed  and  wounded ;  among 
the  latter  is  MajorOpden.  who,  with  Captain  Oswald,  Captain  Iturr,  and  the  other  volim- 
tcers,  buhuvcd  extremely  well.  I  have  only  time  to  add  that  lam  with  the  greatest  esteem, 
&c.,  Ukxkdut  Au^o^.u. 

V.  S.  It  is  imjiossiblo  to  say  what  our  future  operations  will  bo  until  we  know  tho  fato 
of  my  detachment. 

Taoe  XX. 

January  a.  \"ii.— A  battery  opened  from  Point  Levi  upon  the  city,  but  being  scanty  of 
ainniunitioii,  were  allowanced  only  a  few  rotinds  jier  day,  just  to  keej)  the  enemy  in  a  con- 
tinued alarm.  About  this  time  an  insurrection  hapi)ened  down  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
about  six  leagues  from  (Quebec,  in  coiise(|uence  of  some  of  the  enemy's  emissaries  joined 
to  the  euvi.uis  instigiitions  of  some  of  their  priests.  They  collecti'd  a  number  of  Canadi- 
ans, and  w;  re  marching  up  in  form  to  take  possession  of  our  troops  at  I'oint  Levi.  (If  this 
the  tieiu'ral  obtained  intelligence,  anil  immediately  fletached  Major  Dubois,  a  very  bravo 
officer,  with  a  nuud)er  of  nu>n  to  oppose  them.  The  Slajor  fell  in  with  their  party  ujjon 
surprise,  killed  some.  wo\iud"d  others,  (among  the  last  was  a  j)riest)  and  cai)tured  a  num- 
ber more  and  brought  them  to  IleaJiiuarters.— .SVh^ct. 


"k" 


•ift-ll 


JOURNAL. 


A  Journal  of  tlic  indefatigable  march  of  Cul.  Benedict  Arnold 
from  Prospect  Hill  Fort,  in  order  to  join  the  detachment 
which  was  going  on  a  secret  expedition,  consisting  of  two 
Battalions,  one  commanded  by  Lieut.  Col.  Greene,  and  the 
other  by  Lieut.  Col.  Enos,  with  all  circumstances,  and  par- 
ticuhn-ly  the  difficulties  that  I  myself  have  labored  under, 
having  the  command  of  a  company  of  Foot  under  Lieut.  Col. 
Greene,  in  the  years  1775  and  177G. 


The  first  Battalion  consisted  of 


1  Lieut.  Colonel,  (Greene,) 

1  Major, 

1  Adjutant, 

1  Quartermaster. 

The  second  Battalion  consisted  of 

1  Lieut.  Colonel,  (Enos,) 

1  Major, 

1  Adjutant, 

1  Quartermaster. 

1  Surgeon  and  Mate  for  both 

Battalions. 

Captain  Smith's  Company, 

Ci 

iptain 

Morgan's  Company, 

"       Hendrick's     " 

Williams'         " 

"      Ward's           « 

Hanchet's        " 

"      Topham's       " 

Goodrich's       " 

"      McCobb's       " 

Dearborn's      " 

"      Hubbard's      " 

• 

Scott's              " 

"      Thayer's        " 

One  Chief  Colonel,  1  Chaplain 

for  both 

Battalions. 

CAPTAIN    THAYEUS    JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


Ms  ;} 

It!" 

■t  ■ : 


:■»•• 


•   MARCH   TO   NEWBURYPORT. 

Sept.  11. — Reirained  in  Cambridge  in  order  to  fill  up  each 
company  to  84  effective  men.  Got  all  necessaries  and  began 
our  march. 

Sept.  13. — This  day  our  Battalion  marched  towards  New- 
burypnrt,  reached  Beverly  and  remained  there  thie  night. 

Sept.  14. — Continued  our  march  and  reached  Maiden  and 
lodged  there. 

Sept.  15. — Arrived  at  Newburyport  about  sunset,  and  quar- 
tered our  men  in  tlu*  Presbyteri;in  Meeting  House.  [See  Ap- 
pendix A.] 

Sept.  IG. — Capt.  Tupham's  company,  together  with  mine, 
arrived. 

Sept.  17. — Being  Sunday  we  paraded  our  men,  and  went  to 
meeting  under  arms,*  after  which  we  had  orders  to  hold  our- 
selves in  readiness  to  embark  at  a  moment's  warning,  in  eleven 
small  vessels  [)urpose]y  engaged  to  receive  us  on  Board.  Agree- 
able to  orders  we  embarked  about  sunset,  But  finding  it  diffi- 
cult to  keep  the  men  on  board,  we  were  obliged  to  keep  a 
guard  over  vhem. 

Sept.  18. — About  9  o'clock  the  fleet  sailed  for  Kennebeck 
River,  bearing  W.  S.  W.,  got  over  the  bar,  and  stood  oft"  until 
Col.  Arnold  came  on  board  the  Broad  Bay  schooner  where 
little  after  the  swallow  Sloop  struck  a  Rock  where  she  stuck, 
on  board  of  which  was  Capt.  Scott's  company  who  were  dis- 
tributed among  the  fleet,  and  Capt.  Hendrick's  company  of 
Riflemen,  together  with  mine,  which  were  on  board  the  Broad 
Bay.  At  2  o'clock  a  signal  was  made  for  sailing,  and  run 
along  shore  until  midnight,  when  a  signal  was  given  for  heav- 
ing to,  off  the  shore,  under  our  jib  and  mainsail. 

Sept.  Id. — About  Daybreak,  discover'd  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  for  which  we  stood  in  and  anchor'd,  tarried  all  Day  fi)r 
the  fleet. 

Se2jt.  20. — They  all  came  up  but  the  Conway  and  Abigail 
sloops.     The  weather,   accomi)auied  by  a  fog  and  heavy  rain, 

*  At  the  Preabyteriau  MootiiiK-liouso,  Itov.  Jonathan  Parsons. 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYKU  S    JOURNAL. 


8 


blowed  very  fresli.    Stood  up  the  river,  but  the  above  sloojis  did 
not  come  up.     [See  Ajjpendix  B.] 

Sept.  21. — Came  to  tlic  head  ot  Sheeps  Gut  River,  out  of 
which  we  discovered  the  missing  vessels  makinji;  sail,  to  our 
great  satisfaction,  on  board  of  which  were  Capt.  Topham's 
and  my  companys. 

Sept.  22. — Went  on  shore  with  Col.  Arnold  at  Capt.  Cope- 
iins,  where  there  were  one  hundred  men  to  row  the  Batteaux 
to  Fort  Western. 

Sept.  23. — Proceeded  to  Fort  Western.*  This  place  Avas 
formerly  pretty  strong  ;  was  built  against  the  F'rench  and  Indi- 
ans, but  at  prosent  of  no  g'-eat  consequence.  It  has  two  large 
and  two  small  block  houses. 

Sept.  24. — Occupied  in  getting  our  men  and  Provisions  up 
from  Gardner's  Town.  After  Capt.  To])ham  and  myself  went 
to  bed  at  a  neighbor's  house,  some  dispute  arose  in  the  house 
between  some  of  our  soldiers,  on  which  wo  were  r'^piested  to 
get  uj)  and  appease  them.  I  got  out  of  Bed,  and  ordered  them 
to  lie  down  and  be  at  rest ;  and  on  going  to  t!ie  door,  I  ob- 
served the  flash  of  the  priming  of  a  gun,  and  called  to  Capt. 
'I'opham  who  arose  likewise  and  went  to  the  door,  was  fired 
at,  but  was  miss'd,  on  which  he  drew  back,  and  I  with  Top- 
ham  went  to  bed,  but  the  felon  who  had  fully  determined  mur- 
der in  his  heart,  came  again  to  the  t  oor  and  lifted  the  latch, 
and  fired  into  the  room,  and  killed  a  man  lying  by  the  hreside. 
On  suspicion,  wo  took  up  a  man,  but  did  not  prove  to  be  tlio 
murderer.  ;  ■ 

;  Sept.  25. — The  perpetrator  of  the  above  facts  was  taken  by 
a  Sergeant,  who,  thinking  he  was  a  deserter,  ([uestioned  him 
accordingly,  and  who  came  t(j  understand  that  he  crossed  the 
river  opposite  to  the  place  where  he  killed  the  man,  and  gavo 
himself  up  to  the  mercy  of  the  Sergeant,  who  brought  him 
back  and  was  sentenced  to  die.  This  afternoon  an  advanced 
guard  went  forward,  consisting  of  four  Batteaux.  This  day 
the  three  companies  of  Riflemen  sat  off  for  Quebec,  the  place  of 
our  destination,  and  Col.  Greene's  15attalion  received  orders  to 
be  ready  at  a  minute's  warning. 

*  Opposite  the  jircHisnt  town  of  Au;:u.sta, 


i:' 


\ 


CAPTAIN    THAYEK  S    JOUKNAL. 


[1775. 


•>•■ 


Sept.  26. — Wo  began  our  inarch.  The  above  perpetrator, 
bv  name  Jn"  McConnick,  was  to  suffer  at  3  o'clock,  but  was  re- 
])rieved  at  tliat  time  to  be  sent  back  to  Gen.  Washington. 
The  river  liore  is  very  raj)i(l  and  difficult.      [See  Appendix  C] 

Sept.  27. — Arrived  at  Fort  Halifax  about  3  o'clock,  F.  M., 
which  (Trcatlv  resembles  Fort  Western.  The  river  here  is  both 
rapid  and  rocky.  Proceeded  to  the  foot  of  the  falls.  Hero 
is  the  first  carrying  place  we  come  to.  We  encanii)ed  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  and  carried  over  our  provisions  and  Bat- 
tcaux.     The  carrying  place  is  about  eighty  rods  wide. 

Sept.  28. — Proceeded  about  3  miles  through  rapid  water. 
Our  men  are  obliged  to  wado  more  tlian  half  their  time.  It 
begins  to  be  cold  and  uncomfortable.  Hero  are  few  scat- 
tering inhabitants.     [See  Appendix  D.] 

Sept.  29. — Proceeded  on  our  march  ;  made  large  fires  and 
i-efrcshcd  ourselves.  Our  People  are  in  good  health,  But  some 
keep  lurking  behind  and  get  lost  fi"om  the  l)arty.  At  12 
o'clock,  set  out  again  for  Squhegan*  Falls  ;  the  stream  is  very 
swift,  which  makes  it  difl^icult,  and  our  Batteaux  leaky,  besides 
the  place  being  very  shallow,  which  obliges  our  men  to  go  into 
the  river  and  haul  the  Batteaux  after  them,  which  generally 
occupies  three  or  four  men,  two  of  whom  are  at  her  head  and 
one  or  two  at  her  stern,  which  occasioned  a  slow  progress. 
To-night  we  encamped  within  three  miles  of  the  fallri,  the 
water  still  continues  to  run  very  rapid. 

Sept.  30. — Proceeded  through  the  falls  in  rapid  water  ;  here 
is  the  second  carrying  place.  We  found  that  the  course  of 
the  riv(T  differed  from  the  Draught  we  had  seen.  We  en- 
camped on  the  main  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  The 
carrying  place  is  across  an  island.  Here  is  a  mill  erecting, 
(the  property  of  Mr.  Copelin,)  the  worst  constructed  I  ever 
saw.  The  People  call  this  place  Canaan  ;  a  Canaan,  Indeed ! 
The  land  is  good,  the  timber  large  and  of  various  kinds,  such  as 
Pin^:',  Oak,  Hemlock  an<l  Rock  Maple.  Last  night,  our  clothes 
being  wet,  were  frozen  a  pane  of  glass  thick,  which  proved  very 
disagreeable,  being  obliged  to  lie  in  them.  The  land  is  very 
fine,  and  am  thiiddng  it  worked  up,  would  produce  any  grain 

*  Skowlagan. 


1776.1 


CAPTAIN   THAYER  S  JOURNAL. 


\ 


whatsoever.  The  people  are  courteous  and  breathe  nothing 
but  Hberty.  Their  produce,  (tlioy  sell  at  an  exorbitant  price) 
which  consists  of  salted  Moose  and  Deer,  dried  up  like  fish. 
They  have  Salmon  in  abundance.  The  cataracts  here  are 
neither  so  high  nor  so  rapid  as  those  at  the  fort,  but  narrow, 
which  occasions  the  water  below  them  to  run  very  swift.  The 
carrying  place  is  very  difficult,  occasioned  by  the  height  of  the 
land,  and  more  so,  being  obliged  to  carry  our  provisions  and 
Batteaux  up  a  steep  rocky  precipice.  Our  men  are  as  yet  in 
very  good  spirits,  considering  they  have  to  wade  half  the  time, 
and  our  boats  so  villainously  constructed,  and  leaking  so  much 
that  they  are  always  wet.  I  would  heartily  wish  the  infamous 
constructors,  who,  to  satisfy  their  avaricious  temjier,  and  fill 
their  purses  with  the  spoils  of  their  country,  may  bo  obliged  to 
trust  to  the  mercy  of  others  more  treacherous  than  themselves, 
that  they  might  judge  the  fear  and  undergo  the  just  I'eward  of 
their  villainy.     This  is  the  second  carrying  place. 

Oct.  1. — Proceeded  on  our  march  seven  miles.  Stopped 
about  an  hour,  advanced  to  Norridgewalk,  and  reached  the  falls 
about  12  o'clock  and  encamped  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.* 

Oct.  2. — This  Day  we  saw  an  altar  constructed  by  the  Indians, 
and  the  remains  of  a  Roman  Chapel,  where  they  paid  tlieir  de- 
votions. Their  Curate,  or  Friar,  named  Francisco  was  killed 
about  40  years  ago,  at  tlie  time  when  the  Provincials  drove 
back  the  Indians.  His  remains  lie  buried  here  with  a  cross 
over  them,  as  is  customary  in  France,  Spain,  Italy  and  all  Ko- 
man  Catholic  countries,  when  their  clergy  Die.  This  place  was 
remarkable  formerly  for  being  the  Indians'  Headquarters. 
There  we  were  busy  in  repairing  our  boats  and  carrying  our 
Provif-:*ons  over  the  carrying  place,  (the  3d)  which  is  about  one 
mile  and  a  quarter  long.  We  had  some  sleds  and  oxen  to  as- 
sist us  in  carrying  our  Luggage.  We  are  at  the  Last  inhabitants 
now,  and  meet  no  other  until  we  come  to  Canada.  Col.  Ar- 
nold came  up  to  us  and  encamped  on  the  west  side  of  the  river. 
This  is  the  fourth  carrying  place. 

Oct.  3. — Overhauled    our  Biscuit  and   found  it  to  bo  much 


*  See  Ainiciulix  B. 


m 


6 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S    JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


»' 


damaged  by  the  leaking  of  the  Batteaux  ;  passed  the  whole 
day  in  crossing  the  River. 

Qct_  4. — Came  to  the  mouth  of  the  7  mile  streams,  and  en- 
camp'd  on  a  point  of  hmd. 

Oct.  5. — Came  to  the  foils  called  Carrytuck,  otherwise 
Devil's  Falls.  They  fall  about  sixteen  feet.  The  carrying  place 
is  about  8  Rods,  and  very  difficult ;  the  water  is  frozen.  This 
is  the  5th  carrying  place. 

Oct.  0. — Carried  our  Batteaux  across,  and  proceeded  to  the 
Great  carrying  jdace ;  went  about  seven  miles,  and  came  to 
Seven  Islands  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  the  mountains  ap- 
pearing ahead,  which  looked  dismal  to  us,  and  especially  more 
so,  knowing  we  had  them  to  cross  without  a  conductor. 

Oct.  7. — Got  on  our  march  to  the  great  carrying  place ; 
the  land  is  low  and  rich  in  grass.  In  spring  time  the  edge 
of  the  River  seems  to  be  overflown,  and  gradually  as  we  pro- 
ceed, begins  to  be  less  fertile. 

Oct.  8. — Lieut.  Church  returned  with  his  party,  who  went 
to  reconnoitre  the  Place,  and  informed  ns  the  first  carrying 
place  to  be  within  three  and  one-fourth  miles  and  then  a  pond. 
We  encamped  here,  and  employed  our  men  in  clearing  the 
road  for  carrying  our  boats,  &c.  It  I'ained  hard  all  Day,  which 
hindered  us  much.  Hitherto  we  had  fair  weather.  At  3 
o'clock,  the  remainder  of  our  Battalion  came  up,  but  we  re- 
mained here.  The  three  companies  of  Riflemen  were  lielping 
to  clear  the  roads ;  they  had  killed  a  Moose  ;  the  skin  ap- 
peared to  be  as  large  as  that  of  an  ox  of  600  lbs.  This  ani- 
mal is  of  the  same  species  as  the  Reindeer,  and  might  be  of  the 
same  service  to  the  inhabitants  as  the  Reindeer  is  to  the  Lap- 
landers and  Upper  Norwegians.  They  are  so  numerous  that 
we  can  hardly  walk  50  yards  without  meeting  their  tracks  ; 
their  meat  is  good  and  refreshing.     We  encamped  her?. 

Oct.  9. — Detached  two  Subalterns  and  36  rank  and  file,  to 
clear  the  road  to  the  first  Pond.  The  remainder  of  the  men 
were  employed  in  unbarreling  our  Po  k  ii.id  stringing  it  on  poles 
for  convenience  of  carriage,  and  carryirgour  Batteaux  from  the 
river  to  the  pond.  The  carrying  place  is  about  4  miles  long ; 
the  weather  is  fair,  but  very  fresh.     Here  came  up  two  com- 


1775.] 


OAPTATN    TtlAYKUR    JOURNAL. 


\ 


panies  of  the  other  Battalion  ;  this  pond  is  full  of  trout,  of  which 
we  caught  plenty.     This  is  the  (5th  carrying  j)l:u'e. 

Oct.  10. — Employed  getting  our  men  over  the  ])ond  ;  this 
is  one-half  mile  distant  from  the  preceding  one,  which  is 
the  7th  carrying  place. 

Oct.  11. — Came  to  the  Sth  carrying  place,  which  Is  ahout 
four  and  one-quarter  Miles,  and  made  the  rivulet  that  runs 
into  the  Dead  River,  (so  call'd)  but  undeservedly,  because  it 
runs  swiftly,  except  where  the  rivulet  enters  the  river. 

Oct.  12. — Had  a  beautiful  prospect  of  a  high  mountain  that 
hilars  S.  S.  \V.  of  us,  about  fifteen  miles.  This  last  carrying 
jilace  is  very  difficult — sinking  half  leg  deep  carrying  over  oui* 
J5atteaux  and  Provisions,  the  ground  Icing  wet  an.d  boggy, 
and  to  add  to  our  difficulties,  we  had  to  wade  tlu'ough  tlie 
whole  bog.  At  the  east  side  of  the  mountain  is  the  Creek 
tlnit  runs  into  the  Dead  River. 

Oct.  13. — Proceeded  on  our  march  about  three  miles  up 
Dead  River. 

Oct.  14. — Proceeded  about  ten  miles  only,  the  current  be- 
ing so  strong,  and  the  shore  so  bold  that  our  poles  Avould  not 
reach  the  bottom,  and  were  oblig'd  to  })xdl  them  by  the  Bushes 
that  hung  over  the  w^ater. 

Oct.  15. — Dispatch'd  two  Indians  and  a  white  man  to  de- 
liver some  letters  to  a  gentleman  in  Quebec,  whose  return  we 
expected  in  ten  or  twelve  days  ;  waited  some  time  for  a  com- 
pany in  the  rear  to  come  up ;  clean'd  our  arms.  The  moun- 
tain bear,,  W.  S.  W.,  and  the  River  runs  N.  W.  by  W.  Thick 
weather,  and  calm,  with  some  rain,  but  not  very  cold  ;  the  land 
is  good. 

Oct.  16. — Fell  short  of  Provisions  and  brought  to  half  an 
allowance  per  man — waited  until  9  o'clock  for  the  Rifle  com- 
l)anies  in  order  to  get  some  supi)ly,  but  they  not  appearing,  we 
push'd  our  journey.  Past  the  ninth  carrying  place  and  came 
to  an  Indian  hut  where  one  Sataness  dwell'd,  both  as  rogueish 
and  malicious  as  ever  existed.  Proceeded  about  4  miles 
and  encamped.  Col.  Arnold  came  up  in  the  Evening,  and 
understanding  our  want  of  supplies,  ordered  four  Batteaux 
with  thirty-two  men  of  Each  company  to   return  to   the  rear 


5  « 


m 


■:M\ 


II, ii 


w 


u 


8 


CAPTAIN    TIIAYKRS   JOUKNAL. 


[177o 


Hk- 


for  some.  In  tlio  morning  our  company  had  but  5  or  6  poumls 
of  flour  for  t>0  men. 

0^.^,  17. — Detacliecl  12  Batteaux  with  Ul!  men,  officers  in- 
chuled,  on  the  above  Business. 

Oct.  18. — Emph)yed  makinif  cartouches — took  an  observa- 
tion of  the  mountain,  which  we  found  to  be  G  miles  S.  E.  by 
E.  —the  river  runs  W.  N.  W.,  and  bears  more  to  the  nortli  ; 
the  weather  is  iiiir.  We  tarried  until  Major  Meigs'  division 
arrived. 

Oct.  19. — Heavy  rain  until  3  o'clock  ;  then  Major  Meigs  and 
his  division  marclird  on;  we  expect  our  supply  of  Provisions, 
as  the  officers  and  men  are  (Niger  to  get  forward. 

Oct.  20. — Rain'd  very  hard,  and  our  Batteaux  not  appearing, 
we  pack'd  up  our  cartouches  in  casks  in  order  to  be  ready  tor 
an  immediate  embarkation,  having  lain  by  0  Days  waiting  for 
su))plies  to  no  purpose. 

Oct.  21. — A  continuance  of  rain,  and  a  most  heavy  storm. 
Col.  Enos  came  up  with  us  about  11  o'clock,  in  expectation 
of  finding  Col.  Arnold,  but  on  his  disajipointmmt  returned, 
and  drove  up  his  rear.  In  the  afternoon  Capt.  Williams'  Ser- 
geant came  up  with  that  com[) my.  Major  Bigelow,  who  car- 
ried the  boats,  returned  Avith  only  2  barrels  of  flour,  and  the 
detachments  returned  inunediately  to  their  respective  companies. 
Now  wo  found  ourselves  in  a  uistress'd  and  famish'd  situa- 
tion, without  provisions  and  no  hopes  of  getting  any,  until  wo 
reach'd  Sartigan.  Having  no  other  view  now  but  to  proceed 
to  Canada,  (or  retreat)  we  concluded  to  send  back  such  aa 
were  not  able  to  do  Duty  :  the  river  rose  3  foot,  which  in- 
creased tiie  rapidity  of  the  current.  Our  encampment  grew 
quite  tuicomlbrtable.  and  especially  to  those  who  had  no  Tents, 
anil  not  being  nmch  used  to  the  inconvcnicncies  that  a  soldier  is 
obliged  to  undergo,  suftered  exceedingly, 

Oct.  22. — Myself  and  eight  more  of  tiie  men,  missing  our 
way  by  the  freshet  of  the  River  and  the  overflowing*  ol  tho 
surface,  were  cast  into  the  greatest  consternation,  not  being  able 
ti)  make  any  other  way  but  by  wadinff  throu<rh  the  water,  in 
which  Fituation  wo  were  obliged  to  remain  without  victuals  or 
driidi  UJJtil  tho  ne:ii  morning  about  U  o'clock,  exhausted  witli 


' 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN    TFIAYRR  S   JOURNAL. 


i 

\ 


cold  and  fatioino,  readied  the  detaclimont  as  tliov  were  beo-innin^ 
their  mavcli.  The  storm  abated,  the  river  rose  ^  fo3t  perpen- 
dicular, and  ran  excecdin<T  rapid.  The  sun  rose  with  a  little 
rain,  but  soon  grew  fair,  and  we  embark'd  on  board  our  Bat- 
teaux,  and  after  fijoinn;  about  0  miles  against  the  current, 
which  ran  at  least  f)  miles  an  hour,  came  to  a  carrying  place 
entirely  overflowed,  that  our  l^atteaux  went  througli  the  woods, 
without  the  trouble  of  carrying  them  ;  advanced  ubout  50 
rods  and  encamped.     This  is  the  10th  carrying  place. 

Oct.  23. — Proceeded  a  little  further  and  came  to  a  carrying 
place,  which  is  the  eleventh.  At  six  o'clock  proceeded  against 
the  freshet,  beinji  altojxet'lier  as  hiifh  as  hefore,  which  made  us 
repent  of  our  Delays  ;  went  about  2  miles  and  cross'd  another 
carrying  place,  and  half  a  mile  further  cross'd  again  ;  went 
about  7  miles  and  came  to  another,  by  which,  we  expect 
to  be  within  (>  miies  of  the  second  great  carrying  jdace, 
and  eju'amp'd.  It  is  to  be  ohserved  here  that  by  ye  freshet 
overflowing,  our  salt  was  wash'd  out  of  the  Boats,  and  had  no 
more  to  sup|)ly  our  want.* 

Oct.  24. — Had  iutelligenco  of  its  being  twenty-five  miles  to 
the  great  (  .rying  place  where  the  height  of  land  is,  and  in  the 
nieantiuie  destitute  of  provisions,  for  the  two  Barrels  we  brought 
gave  two  pounds  Each  man,  ami  we  had  only  [a]  half  pint  left 
to  deliver  out ;  besides,  the  continual  snow  aggravated  us  more, 
au<l  left   [usj  in   a  situati<»n  not  to  be  described. 

Oct.  25. — We  staid  for  Col.  Greene  to  constdt  about  our 
situation,  and  what  to  do  for  provisions  ;  however  we  trusted 
in  the  Almighty,  and  hoped  he  would  prove  propitious  to- 
wards us ;  for  tin*  present  we  had  no  hopes,  unless  some 
Glimpses  from  the  part  of  the  French,  which  at  any  rate 
could  not  ))e  nnu-h.  We  sent  l)ack  in  three  Batteaux,  forty- 
eight  sick  men,  and  oiu'  subaltern  ;  the  river  is  narrow  and  of 

•Oct.  23.  "  Encaiiipfd  iliis  I'vuiiiiist  nt  »  currviiij;  pliKC,  lirtciii  iierchoH  nrroig. 
Ilci'o  II  coiinril  WHS  lirl'l,  ill  which  it  wiih  roriolvi'il  I'lat  ii  (M|it>iiM  with  til'ty  men 
nI'miiIiI  iniircli,  wiili  ull  ilcs|iiitrh,  liy  laud,  to  Chiiiullcru  pond,  nod  tliut  tlic  Mirk  of 
my  division  niid  Captuin  Muixmi's  sliould  return  to  CimhrlilKo.  At  iliis  placo  tho 
itrcani  h  very  rapid,  In  p  isHiiiy:  \vli)(  li  tlvo  or  »\\  liiitiooH  tilled  nnd  overset,  hy 
which  wo  lo.st  Novural  liurrulo  of  piuviMion«,  a  iiuiiilicr  of  t(uiii,  suiiiu  cloibcit  and 
CBHh. "—.»/('<//«'  Journal, 


• 


I ' 


10 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S   JOURNAL, 


[1776. 


course  rapid,  Bosiues  bad  walking  by  land  ;  the  men  are  much 
dislieart(Mied  and  Eagerly  wish  to  return — lioweA'er,  I  am  cer- 
tain if  their  Bellies  were  full,  they  would  be  M'illing  eno' to 
advance.  Whether  or  no,  necessity  obliges  [us]  to  proceed  at 
present.  Col.  Arnold  has  sent  witii  Capt.  Hanchet  a  party  of  (50 
men,  to  purchase  provisions  of  the  French,  if  possible.  In  the 
afternoon,  went  about  tliree  miles  and  encamped,  waiting  for 
our  boats.  Here  Col.  Greene,  Capt.  Topham  and  myself  staid, 
by  desire  of  Col.  Enos,  to  hold  a  council  of  war,  i;i  which  it 
was  resolved  that  Col,  Enos  should  not  return  back.  His  party, 
who  were  G  in  number,  and  by  one  inferior  to  ours,  and  ob- 
served with  regret  that  we  voted  for  proceeding  ;  on  which  they 
held  a  council  of  war  amongst  themselves,  of  wliich  were  theCapts. 
McCobb,  Williams  and  Scott,  and  unanimously  declar'd  that 
they  would  return,  and  not  rusii  into  such  imminent  danger  ;  to 
which  we  I'eplied,  if  thus  determined  to  grant  us  some  supply, 
which  they  promised,  if  we  could  get  a  boat  from  Mr.  Copelin, 
tho'    with  ye  utmost  reluctance. 

Mr.  Ogden,  a  volunteer  under  Colonel  Greene,  and  myself, 
t(-ok  the  Boat,  in  which  we  ran  rapidly  down  with  tlie  cui'- 
rent,  where  we  expected  to  receive  from  the  returning  party, 
four  barrelrt  of  flour  and  two  of  Pork,  according  to  promise. 
But  v.-e  were  utterly  deceived,  and  only  received  two  Bar- 
rels of  flour,  notwithstiUKhng  all  our  entreaties,  and  that  few 
only  through  the  humanity  of  Capt.  Williams.  Col.  Enos  De- 
clared to  us  [that]  he  was  willing  to  go  and  take  his  boat  in 
which  there  was  some  provisions,  and  share  the  same  fate  with 
us,  But  was  obliged  to  tarry  thn*'  the  means  of  his  Efl'eminate  offi- 
cers, who  rather  pass  their  time  in  sipplingthan  turn  it  totlieproflt 
and  advantjxge  of  their  country,  who  stood  in  need  of  their  assist- 
ance. (\i|)t.  Williams  stej)t'd  t;)wanls  me,  and  wish'd  me  suc- 
cess, liut  in  the  meantime  told  me  he  never  expected  to  see  me, 
or  any  of  us,  he  was  so  conscious  of  the  imminent  Danger  wo 
were  t«>  go  through  ;  in  meantime  Col.  Enoa  advanced, 
with  tears  in  his  Eyes,  wishing  me  and  mine  success,  and  took, 
as  ho  then  stippos'd  and  absohitely  thought,  his  last  farewell  of 
me,  demonstrating  to  me  that  it  was  with  the  utmost  reluctance 
he   rtmain'd    bejiind,    tho'    being    curtain    he    never    would 


\  \ 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN    thaler's    J<  URNaL. 


11 


escape  the  attemj)!.*  I  took  the  little  flour,  bemoaning  our  sad 
fate,  and  cursinir  the  ill-heart'd  minds  of  the  tunorous  party  I 
loft  behind,  and  vvorkiui;,  together  with  Mr.  Ogden  and  my- 
self, up  against  a  most  rapid  stream  for  a  mile  and  a  half,  where, 
after  inconceivable  difficulties,  I  reach'd  and  met  sonie  of  our 
boats  coming  to  mo  and  take  the  flour  they  su])pos'd  I  had  in 
theirs  ;  but  to  their  great  suri)rise,  they  found  but  the  little  I 
mention'd  just  now.  However,  it  is  surprising  that  the  jiarty 
returning,  professing  ciuist-ianity,  should  prove  so  ill-disposed 
toward  their  fellow-brethi'  n  and  soldiers,  in  the  situation 
we  were  in,  and  especially  when  we  observe  our  numerous 
wants,  and  the  same  time  they  overflowing  in  abundance  of 
all  sorts,  and  far  more  than  what  was  necessary  for  their  return. 
But  not  the  least,  when  again  considering  the  temerity  and 
efleminency  of  'em  not  willing  to  pursue  the  eager  desires  of 
their  Colonel,  nor  suflTer  the  same  fate,  nor  willingly  assist  their 
courageous  countrymen  in  the  j)lausiblo  cause  of  their  common 
Country.  In  the  meantime,  Mr.  Ogdenf  and  myself  were 
oblig'd  to  keep  the  course  towards  the  river,  in  sight  of  our 
'  o<\ts,  and  lay  that  [niglit]  disagreeably  in  the  snow,  v/itliout  the 
'  :.  to  cover  or  screen  us  from  the  inclemencv  of  the  Weather, 
until  next  morning.  * 

About    nine    o'l-lock    we  overtook    our    troops,    who    were 
just  ready   to  march  forward — even    had  not   the   satislaction 


•*'Emo9,  cither  tliroiiKh  a  falno  coiiHtruftion  of  the  order,  or  willful  (Jisobftlicnce, 
roturiicil  to  Cumbridt^i)  with  hla  wiiole  division.  His  MppeiiriiiK^c  excited  the  great- 
est iiidifraatioii  in  tho  Continental  cani|),  and  ICnos  was  looived  upon  ii8  u  traitor  for 
tliiia  duscrtiiiK  l>i'<  eoinpanionsi  and  endangering  the  wliolo  expedition.  He  wuh 
tried  by  a  eourt-ni.irtial,  and  it  heini;  proved  tliat  ho  wa8  short  of  provihiuns,  and 
that  none  eould  bo  procured  in  the  wildernitts,  ho  was  noqultted.  lie  was*  never 
restoi-ed  in  public  estimation,  however,  and  bohii  afterward  left  the  army  "—Losh- 
iny'a  Fielil  Hook  of  the  llct'oliUioii,  vol.  I,  p.  VJ2.  Tho  statei'.ent  ubu\o  made  by 
Capt.  Thayer  would  Boem  to  justify  the  acqnltal  of  Colonel  Knos,  and  ti  remove, 
In  part,  tlir.  .  juolTlurn  with  whieh  hlsiorieal  writers  huvo  clothed  his  niomory. 

t  This  »»  i  i-tKAB  OouKN,  whojoini'd  tho  army  at  Cambridge,  and  accom- 

panied i  r'''  '  tO'  ■;h  tho  wilderness.  lie  wa-^  wounded  at  the  assault  upon 
Quebec.  Ou  '  i  ui'i  from  thix  expedition  he  as  appointed  to  the  coniiuand  of 
a  rogimcnt,  whii  U  i  ition  he  held  until  the  termination  of  tho  war.  On  tho 
occurrence  o(  immicc,  he  was  honored  by  Congress  witli  a  comnii!<8iun  of  llri){adier 
(Jeneral  in  the  army  of  tho  United  States,  tiencral  <»gdt>n  was  distinguished  for 
hb  liberality  and  phllauthropy,    Ilediod  H(  bli/'«bvtbtowD,  N.  J,,  iu  thv  year  17U1. 


! 


11 

'^1 


'I 

I 

i 

'■i 

\\ 

:S 

\\ 

1 

I 


12 


CAI'TAIN    THAYEU  S   JOUliNAL, 


[1775. 


or  coMveniency  to  build  ourselves,  as  wo  usually  had  done, 
II  Bush  hut  to  pass  the  tedious  nisiht  in. 

Oct.  20. — Proeeeded  over  three  tarrying  plaees,  two  of  them 
small,  and  the  third  half  a  mile,  running:  through  a  jiond 
one-quai'ter  of  a  mile,  and  a  carrying  i)lace  as  much  more  ;  came 
to  another  pond  and  Encampeil. 

Oct.  27. — This  Day  after  a  cold  and  frosty  night,  went  over' 
thisjtond  and  came  to  another  carrying  place.     This  is  the  20th 
carrving-jilace,  being  tlu-ee-fourths  of  a  mile,  and  came  to  another 
pond  and  encanipd. 

Oct.  28. — Past  the  twenty-first  carrying  place,  and  came  to 
another  small  pond,  to  a  carrying  place,  and  then  to  a  j)ond, 
to  a  carrying  place,  and  then  to  a  pond,  and  then  came  to 
a  height  of  land  to  another  carrying  jjlace  of  four  miles  and  a 
([uarter.*  It  is  to  be  observed  here,  with  such  horror,  that  the 
most  I'erocious  and  unnatural  hearts  must  shudder  at,  when 
knov.ing  the  dismal  situation  of  courageous  men,  solely  bent  to 
extirpate  the  tyranr  ^/'th  which  the  country  was  influenced, 
taking  u])  some  raw-hid-  t  lay  for  stveral  Days  in  the  bottom 

of  their  boats,  intended  foi  make*  them  slioes  or  moccasins  of  in 
case  of  necessity,  wliich  they  did  not  then  look  into  so  much 
as  they  did  their  own  preservation,  and  chopping  them  to  pieces, 
singi'ing  first  the  hair,  alterwards  boiling  them  anil  living  on  the 
juice  or  liquid  that  they  soakd  from  it  ior  a  considerable  time.f 
Alter  such  sufferings  they  came  to  a  small  rivulet  which  leads 
into  the  great  Aimncguntick  Lake,  otherwise  Shadeur  Pond, 
fourteen  miles  in  length  and  six  Ih'oad.  Here  our  division  left  all 
the  llatteaux  But  one  to  carry  the  sick,  if  any  ;  at  four  o'clock, 


*Oct.  28<A.  "In  tlic  morning  crossed  the  liiiijlits  to  Chnudicrc  river.  Mndo 
division  of  our  provisions  nnd  ummunition,  tind  marched  Imclt  upon  tli  hoiKlit  and 
em  iiini'cd.  Ilcrc  I  delivered  tlic  I'ollowini:  (*niUN  of  money  (o  tlie  followin^t  peisons : 
'I'd  Col.  Creeiif,  MIO  dollinn,  to  Miijor  llimclow,  .^(ll  do.,  und  jmiil  to  ftlr.  Giitdiel  II 
dollars ;  piiid  to  Mr.  Heiry  XI,  .').«.  InwCul  \\wiwy."—Miiy*'  Journul.  NchemlHli 
Uutcliel  nnd  Jidin  Home  w.tu  employed  m  ^iddes. 

t"  Tliry  wrslied  tliclr  moose-skin  moeensins  in  llie  river,  scrnplnjjf  away  the  dirt 
and  m\H\  with  ^rent  caro.  These  were  brou^lit  to  the  l<ettlc  and  boiled  a  consider- 
nlile  time,  nnder  the  vn(rne  hut  eonsolnlory  hope  that  a  innelliiffc  would  take  plaen, 
'llie  poor  fellow!"  i  liowcd  llie  leather,  Imt  it  whs  leather  still.  Tlicy  had  not  received 
food  lor  ttic  Inst  torty-eigiit  hours.  Disconsolate  and  weary  wu  passed  the  nit;ht." 
~-lhHni's  Suvratiix. 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S    JOURNAL. 


13 


an  Express  csime  from  Col.  Arnold,  with  intelligence  that  the 
French  were  ready  to  receive  us,  and  tl  at  they  would  supply 
us  with  Provisions.  Glad  tidings  to  reoj)!e  that  are  broucht  to 
one  pint  of  flour  to  Each  man,  and  no  more  to  depend  upon.  An 
Express  pass'd  us,  going  to  His  Excellency  Genl.  Washington. 
A  pilot  was  sent  to  lead  us  through  the  woods ;  two  companies 
of  musketry  are  gone  forward,  but  the  three  companies  of  Ri- 
flemen siaid  with  us.  This  is  the  twenty-fourth  carrying  ]>lace. 
Here  we  divided  our  remaining  flour  E(jually  in  10  companies 
between  the  officers  and  soldiers,  the  (luantity  amounting  to  seven 
Pints  Each  man,  for  7  Days,  (expecting  to  meet  the  Inhabit- 
ants at  that  time)  which  we  divided  thus  daily  for  our  support : 
In  the  morning  a  gill  for  breakfast,  hah' a  pint  for  Dinner,  and 
the  remaining  Gill  for  supper,  whicli  we  niix'd  u])  with  clear 
water,  having  no  salt,  and  stirring  it  up  together,  laid  it  on 
the  coals  to  heat  a  little,  after  which  we  nibbled  it  alon-r  our 
journey,  without  making  pny  halt  ;*  walk'd  al)out  three  miles 
and  then  encanipM. 

Oct.  29. — Wo  march'd  in  the  front ;  the  travelling  is  very 
bad,  so  that  we  sunk  half  leg  deep  every  stej),  but  our  Pilot  says 
it  is  better  ahead.  We  lost  one  man  belonging  to  Capt.  Top- 
ham's  company  who  must  have  inevitably  perishM,  to  wit  : 
Samuel  Nichols.  We  find  now  that  tl'.'.'  Pilot  kn'>ws  no  more 
the  way  than  the  most  ignorant  of  ourselves  ;  we  trii\ellc'd  about 
Hve  miles  and  encamped. f  This  night  we  had  the  good  fortune 
to  kill  a  partridge,  of  which  we  made  good  soup  and  some  supper. 


*"  The  hroiiklnst  nnil  supper  were  boil'd  iiiucb  like  gfarcb;  ye  (linncr  wns  uoirifs 
wliiit  ImUM  on   the  coals." 

t"  Eorly  this  morning  net  out  for  llio  lieiirt  of  Chnudicrc  river.  Tliis  dny  wo 
suffered  tmatly  by  (itir  l)alcaux  pos8in^'  by  \i»,  for  we  hud  to  wnde  waist  hi^-h 
throuy;li  hwarnpn  and  rivers  and  brcakin^j  ii  e  before  us.  Here  wo  wandered  round 
all  day,  and  eanie  at  night  to  the  Kaine  pliue  we  leCt  in  ilic  jnorniiijf,  where  wu  found 
a  small  dry  spot,  where  wo  mudo  a  fire,  and  wc  were  obliged  to  stand  up  all  night 
in  order  to  dry  ourselves  and  keep  from  frcizing."— jr«rc's  Journal  in  lieu.  lieu. 
Vol.  VI.,  p.  131. 

J 1BK1MI  Wapr,  author  of  this  Jrurnal,  was  tho  son  of  Joslnh  and  Dorolhy  Dcwen 
Ware,  of  Wrenthain.  Mays.  Mr  was  born  October  15,  J 7.'),1,  and  nniriiid  Kstln'i  Smith 
01  Ne'.dliii'ii.  lie  wns  II  Cninirr,  iind  Ciijliiwcil  that  ocriipntion  fill  ilic  coinnienee- 
ment  of  the  Kevoliition,  when  he  entereil  the  army;  served  throu^'li  the  war;  was 
at  the  battliH  of  Cimeord  and  Tiionderoga;  iieted  as  orderly  (>ergcantund  leeruitin^ 
olbecr.     lie  tiltd  Nov.  IV,  lt-0.\— Wot. /^ty.    »o/.  17  ,/-.  I  If. 


' 


il     ft 


14 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S    JOURNAL. 


11776. 


*■ 


Oct.  30 — Proceeded  through  a  swamp  above  6  miles, 
whicli  was  pane  glass  thick  frozen,  besides  the  mud  being 
half  leg  deep  ;  got  into  an  alder  swamp ;  steering  southerly, 
reach'd  a  small  River  which  we  forded,  the  water  being  so 
high  that  a  middle  si/od  man  would  be  arm  pit  deep  in  it ;  very 
cold  and  about  3  Rods  wide,  from  whence  we  j)roceeded  to  a 
great  eminence  and  shaped  our  course  N.  ^  W.  towards  ano- 
ther River,  being  obliged  to  cross  it  on  a  narrow  log.  Many  of 
the  me-^  unfortunately  fell  in.  Now,  verily,  I  began  to  feel  con- 
cern'd  about  the  abated  situation  of  the  men,  having  no  more 
than  a  small  share  of  allowance  for  4  Days,  in  the  midst  of  a 
frightful  wilderness,  habit'd  by  ferocious  animals  of  all  sorts, 
without  the  least  sign  of  human  trace.  At  |  after  4,  after 
a  journey  of  13  miles  and  bad  traveling,  reached  a  beautiful 
grove  of  birch  woods,  and  about  2|  miles  further,  discovered 
to  our  great  satisfaction  the  tracks  of  the  foremost  party,  which 
rejoiced  our  men  so  much,  that  they  shuddered  at  the  thoughts 
of  the  long  and  ])ainful  March  which  they  sustained  with 
becoming  courage,  though  famished  and  under  the  greatest 
inconveniences.     Here  we  encamped  at  the  end  of  the  grove. 

Oct.  81. — Proceeded  0  miles  and  came  in  sight  of  our  Boats 
that  were  wrecked — March'd  0  miles  further.  But  did  not  come 
up  with  Col.  Arnold  as  we  expected.  A  man  was  drowned 
here  by  the  over-setting  of  the  Boat.f  ; 

Nov.l.  Proceeded  on  our  march;  The  people  are  very 
weak  and  begin  to  lack  in  the  rear,  being  so  much  reduced 
v.'ith  hunger  and  cold.  Capt.  To])ham  and  myself  being  behind 
spurring  on  the  men  as  well  as  we  could,  tho'  the  orders  were 

t"  Pushed  on  for  Chnuilieie  with  all  speed,  in  hopes  of  ovortakiiiK  our  bateaux 
in  order  to  fi;et  some  flour,  for  ours  wna  all  expended;  but,  to  our  great  grief  p.nd 
sorrow,  our  l)iueuux  were  stove  and  tlie  Hour  was  lost,  and  the  men  barely  oscaped 
with  (heir  lives;  now  we  were  in  a  miserable  s:tual ion,  not  a  mouthful  of  provisions, 
and  by  eceount  70  miles  fVom  inhabitants,  and  we  had  a  wilderness,  barren  and 
destitute  of  liny  sustenanee  to  go  through,  where  wo  expected  to  suffer  hunger, 
rold  and  fatigue  Here  the  captRin  ^vith  tho  ablest  men  pushed  forward,  in  order 
to  get  provihions  lO  send  baik  for  tho  sielt."— U'c/ie'*  Journal.  "  Henry  says  of 
the  Chaudiero,  "  ihat  for  00  or  70  miles  it  is  a  continual  rapid,  without  any  apparent 
gap  or  possagp,  even  for  a  canoe.  l",very  boat  we  put  In  ihe  river  was  stove  in,  one 
port  or  (.tliiT  of  it.  Cajit.  Morgan  lost  all  liis  boats,  and  the  life  of  a  much  valued 
soldier."— iVo^c  on  Wurc'a  Journal,  Hen.  Uty.  17,  p.  14a.  This  uxiui  was  named 
George  Imm.—JUelvin. 


1775.1 


CAPTAIN   THAVEr's   JOURNAL. 


15 


for  every  man  to  do  for  himself  as  m  cU  as  he  could.  We 
observed  at  a  little  distance  a  Sergeant  tnd  10  or  12  men  round 
a  fire,  towards  whom  we  made  up,  and  saw  with  astonishment 
that  they  were  devouring  a  Dog  between  tliem,  and  eating 
paunch,  Guts  and  skin,  part  of  which  they  generously  offered 
us,  but  did  not  accept  of  it,  thinking  tha<;  'xy  were  more  in  tlie 
want  of  it  than  what  ^ve  were  at  that  linio.*  We  pushed  on 
and  encamp'd  12  miles  further,  being  at  that  period  in  the  dis- 
tressed situation  the  remainder  were  in,  and  after  marching  2 
Days  and  two  nights  without  the  least  nourishment,  traveling 
on  the  shore  side,  discover'd  about  12  o'clock  the  3d  Day  some 
men  and  horses  and  cattle  making  towards  us,  at  which  sight 
Capt.  Topham  and  myself  shed  tears  of  joy,  in  our  happy  deliv- 
ery from  the  grasping  hand  of  Death.  The  Driver  was  sent 
towards  us  by  Col.  Arnold,  in  order  to  kill  them  for  our  sup- 
port. He  desir'd  us  stop  in  order  that  he  might  kill  one  for  us, 
but  we  desir'd  him  proceed  and  not  stop  until  about  nightfall, 
and  gather  together  all  the  men   he  could  find,  and  kill  one 

*N'ov.  I.  "  This  day  I  pntised  a  number  of  soldiers  who  hud  no  provisionf,  nnd 
some  that  were  sick,  nml  not  in  my  power  to  help  or  relieve  them,  cxtipt  to  en- 
courage them."— Meigs. 

"  Tliis  morning  started  very  early  and  hungry,  and  little  satisfied  with  our  night's 
rest.  Travelled  all  ilay  very  briskly,  nnd  iit  night  enramped  in  ii  mi!;criil)lt'  situa" 
tion.  Here  wo  killed  a  dog,  and  we  inndo  a  very  great  featt  without  eltlitr  bread 
or  salt,  we  having  been  4  or  5  days  without  any  provisions,  and  we  wi  nt  to  sleep 
that  night  a  little  better  satisflfd.  Our  distress  was  so  great  ilmt  dollarn  were 
offered  for  bits  of  bread  as  big  ns  the  palm  of  one's  hand." — Ware's  Journal. 

Judge  John  Joseph  Henry,  of  Pennsylvania,  wns  a  private  in  Smith's  company 
of  riflemen,  and  in  1812  his  account  of  the  hardships  and  sufferings  of  the  Kxpuilition 
against  Quebec  was  published.  Under  date  Nov.  2,  he  says,  "Camo  up  with 
some  of  Thayer's  and  Topham's  men.  Coming  to  their  fire,  they  pave  me 
a  cup  of  iheir  broth.  A  table-spoonful  was  idl  that  was  tasted.  It  had  a  greenish 
hue,  and  was  said  to  be  that  of  a  hear.  This  was  ins'ntitly  known  to  l)e  untr-.ie, 
from  the  taste  and  smell.  It  was  that  of  a  dog.  He  was  a  large,  black  Newfound- 
land dog,  and  very  fat."— [NotetoM''((re'8./our»i(i;.  |  Thoaforcniiincd  do^  l)clonged 
to  Captain  Dearborn,  and  though  a  great  favorite,  was  given  up  and  kilhvl  to  appease 
the  cravings  of  hunger.  "  They  ate  every  part  of  him,  not  excepting  his  entrails; 
and  after  finishing  their  meal,  they  collucte  1  the  bones  and  curried  them  to  be 
pounded  up,  and  to  make  broth  for  another  meal.  There  was  but  one  other  dog 
with  the  detachment.  It  was  small,  and  had  been  privately  killed  and  eaten.  Old 
Moose-hide  breeches  wore  boiled,  and  then  broiled  on  the  coals  nnd  eaten.  A  bar- 
ber's powder  bag  made  a  soup  in  the  course  of  the  last  three  or  four  days  before  we 
reached  the  first  settlements  in  Canada.  Many  men  died  of  fatigue  and  hunger 
frequently  four  or  five  minutes  after  making  their  last  effort  and  sitting  down." — 
Letter  from  Uen.  Dearborn  in  Allen's  liioy.  Die, 


;!!;:■ ;% 


16 


CAPTAIN   THAYKU  fl   JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


creature  for  them  to  feed  on.  Ho  inform'd  us  of  killing  one 
about  0  miles  further  for  Col.  Greene  aiul  the  men  with  him, 
to  whom  we  repli'd  we  would  suffer  contentedly  thus  far  as  we 
had  done  for  the  2  foregoino;  Days,  and  expect'd  to  get  some- 
thing; from  the  forcgoino;  i)arty  whom  wo  met  about  4  o'clock, 
d('vouring  with  avidity  a  calf  that  was  between  eS  and  4  months 
gone,  and  that  was  taken  from  the  cow  that  was  kill'd  a  little 
further  [on]  of  which  we  fortunately  got  some,  and  satisfied 
with  eagerness  our  drooping  stomachs  ;*  after  which  we  sat  out 
and  ])ass'd  three  pair  of  Falls,  went  one  mile  and  Encanip'd. 
Came  to  an  Indian's  hut,  and  being  hungry  we  call'd  for 
victuals  ;  had  none  but  some  few  Potatoes,  for  8  of  which  he 
charged  us  2  i)istareens.t 

Nov.  4.  Proceeded  and  came  to  a  River  which  we  forded, 
and  got  over  without  any  accidents.  Save  only  myself,  when 
ste|)ping  from  the  last  stone  to  the  land,  accidentally  slipp'd  and 
fell  (m  the  broad  of  my  back,  on  which  occasion  I  suffer'd 
exceedingly,  having  my  clothes  frozen  to  my  back,  and  a  march 
of  5  miles  before  I  could  get  to  any  house  to  warm  myself,  which 


>' 


*"  Nov.  2(1.  Tliis  niorniiij;  when  wc  arose  many  of  us  wore  so  weak  that  wo 
«'oiil(l  liardly  stuiiil,  ami  we  stiiirgcred  about  like  drunken  men.  However,  we  mrnlo 
f-liii'i  to  iiet  our  iiacks  on,  iind  marched  olF,  hoping  to  st'c  some  iutmbitauts  this 
nijiht.  A  snii.ll  stick  acros.s  the  road  was  sufficient  to  biing  the  sitoutest  to  the 
crounil.  In  the  eveninfj  we  came  in  sifjht  ol  the  eattU;  coming  up  the  river  side, 
wliich  were  sent  by  Col.  Arnold,  who  got  in  two  days  before.  It  whs  thejoyfulle.st 
111  It  I  ever  beheld,  ami  some  could  not  refrain  from  crjing  for  joy.  We  were 
told  by  the  men  whf)  came  with  the  cattle  that  we  were  yet  twenty  miles  from  the 
nearest  inhabitants.  Hero  we  killed  a  creature,  and  w(^  had  some  coarse  flour  served 
out,  straws  in  it  an  inch  long.  Here  we  made  a  noble  feast,  anil  some  of  the  men 
were  so  liuiiary,  before  the  cicature  was  dead,  the  h'dc  and  flesh  were  on  the  (iro 
broiling." —  TF'/rc's  Jonnml. 

"  Wo  proceeded  till  towards  mid  day,  tlio  pale  and  meagre  looks  of  my  compan- 
ions, tottering  on  their  feeble  limbs,  corresponding  with  my  own.  Slipshod  and 
tired,  I  sat  down  on  tlio  end  of  a  log,  af  nst  which  the  tire  was  built,  absolutely 
fainting  wiih  hunger  and  fatiiiue." — Ih  jy. 

"  Our  greatest  luxuries  now  consisted  in  a  litllo  water,  stiffened  with  flour,  in 
imitation  of  shoemakers' paste,  which  was  christened  with  the  name  of  Llllip  u. 
Several  had  been  entirely  destitute  of  either  meat  or  bread  for  many  days." — 
Senter'H  Jotirnal. 

t"  At  this  period  several  died,  and  many  slekcned  by  excessive  indulgence  follow- 
ing so  suddenly  in  their  previous  f  imine.  At  this  place  the  army  was  joined  by 
an  Indian  mimed  .Natanis,  and  his  brother  Sabatis,  and  seventeen  other  Indians,  who 
proceeded  with  them.    Natinis  hud  been  represented  to  Arnold  as  a  spy,  and  orders 


Bnrssm^i 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYEK  S    JOURNAL. 


17 


however  happon'd  to  be  bt'low  the  fall^,  where  we  got  a  little 
repast  and  ]iaid  very  dear  for  it.* 

Nov.  5. — Proceeded,  and  reacdi'd  anc^ther  house,  Avhere  pro- 
visions were  procured  for  the  troops.  We  bought  fowls  [and] 
refresh'd  ourselves.  The  people  were  civil,  but  mighty  extrava- 
iiant  with  what  thov  have  to  sell.f 

Nov.  0. — Being  in  great  want  of  spirits,  wo  happen'd  on  [a] 
man  that  lived  with  the  indians  whom  we  ask'd  if  he  could 
procure  iis  any,  to  which  he  answer'd  yes,  and  got  10  of  us  1 
(gallon  of  very  Had  New  Enn;land  Rum,  for  which  we  were 
obliged  to  pay  10  pistarcens. 

Nov.  7.  — Col.  Greene,  being  one  of  10,  order'd  Capt.  Topham 
and  myself  to  remain  there  3  Daj's,  in  order  to  bring  up  the 
men  in  the  rear,  and  push  off  frora  thence  to  St.  Mary's  ;  again 
from  thence  I  was  sent  back  to  Sartigan  by  Col.  Arnold,  in 
order  to  hire  Boats  to  bring  up  the  invalids.  We  were  well 
treated.  The  troops  were  i)rovided  for.  Even  the  minister 
was  generous  eno'  to  let  us  have  all  he  could  spare.  This  ))lace 
is  well  settled,  and  is  good  land  all  to  the  back  mountains,  whicli 
are  somewhat  poor. 

Nov.  8. — Major  Meigs  met  me  at  St.  Marys  with  tlie  90 
invalids,  in  order  to  purchase  canoes  to  help  them  off,  which 
we  perform'd,  and  bought  20.  Then  Major  Meigs  left  me, 
whom  I  never  saw  since,J  and  had  to  carry  them  30  miles  on 


had  been  piven  to  take  liim,  dead  or  alive.  They  had  now  rea'^on  to  consider  him 
a  friend,  lie  was  woumied  in  the  attaclt  on  Quebec,  and  taken  prisoner,  but  soon 
released.  Tliis  is  siiid  to  bo  tlic  first  employment  of  the  Indiuiis  awinst  tiieEn;;lisli 
in  tlio  Revolution." — Note  on  Ware's  Journal,  Gen.  liu<j.  Vol.  VI,,  p.  143. 
ISecAppcndixF.J  ' 

*"Xo)'.  4.  In  the  mornin.!»  continued  onr  march.  At  11  o'clock  arrived  at  a  French 
house,  and  was  hospitably  used.  This  is  the  lirst  house  I  saw  for  31  days,  having 
been  that  time  in  a  rough,  barren,  uinnhabited  wilderness,  where  we  never  saw  hu- 
man beinn,  except  our  own  men.  Immediately  after  our  arrival  we  were  supplied 
with  fresh  beef,  fowls,  butter,  pheasants  and  ve};etables.  This  settlement  is  called 
SortJKan.    It  lies  25  leajjues  from  Quebec."— i/e/j/s. 

]Nov. ,').  "  Continued  our  march  ilown  the  river.  Tlie  people  very  hospitable, 
provisions  plenty  but  very  dear,  milk  one  sliilliny;  slerlintf  per  quart,  and  bread  n 
shilling  per  loaf,  weighiuK  uo  more  than  3  pounds.  Came  this  day  twelve  miles." 
—  Ware's  Journal. 

tMeauing  during  tho  march. 

3  . 


18 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


I» 

i 

our  Backs,  4*  men  niider  each  canoe  to  Point  Levi,  goino;  12 
miles  without  meeting  an  house,  then  15  more,  and  staid  at  St. 
Mary's  Parish  at  a  liouse  near  the  Chapel  of  the  same  name. 
There  we  dined,  and  set  out  again  for  Point  Levi,  where  we 
arrived  about  8  o'clock.  There  met  Col.  Arnold  and  our  vol- 
unteers all  in  good  spirits. 

N'ov.  9. — This  Day  the  Hunter,  Sloop  of  War,  sent  her  Boat 
on  shore  for  some  oars.  We  saw  them  and  fir'd  on  them. 
They  put  off  in  confusion,  and  Mr.  McKenzie,  a  Midshipman, 
who  was  taken  and  broughc  to  Head  Quarters,  tried  to  swim 
off,  but  an  Indian  went  in  alter  him  and  brought  him  out.  He 
strictly  adher'd  to  the  old  doctrine  of  War,  viz.,  not  to  discover 
their  weakness.  He  is  but  a  youth  of  about  15  years  of  age,  a 
genteel  well  behaved  young  lad. 

N'ov.  10. — Kemain'd,  getting  some  Provisions,  &c.  We  were 
obliged  to  purchase  some  Canoes  to  cross  the  St.  Lawrence, 
because  the  enemy  having  timely  notice  of  our  approaching, 
order'd  them  to  be  destroy'd  or  taken  away,  in  order  to  obstruct 
our  proceedings,  on  which  occasion  Capt.  Topham  and  Company 
was  order'd,  if  possible,  to  secure  them  from  the  Enemy  and 
procure  some  others  for  convenience.  The  Enemy  had  then  a 
Sloop  of  War  in  the  River,  the  property  of  Simeon  Pease,  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  of  James  Frost,  of  the  same  place,  who  com- 
manded her. 

Nov.  11. — Capt.  Hanchet  took  6  smiths  to  make  spears. 
Canoes,  and  hooks  for  Ladders.  Lieut.  Savage  with  a  number 
of  carpenters,  went  and  made  Ladders  for  scaling  ye  Walls  of 
Quebec. 

Nov.  12. — Capt.  Hanchet  returned.  The  same  night  a  coun- 
cil of  war  was  held,  whether  we  were  to  attack  or  not  after 
ci'ossing,  being  carried  in  the  negative,  to  the  mortification  of 
the  opposite  party,  being  informed  of  they  having  no  cannon 
mounted,  cartridges  made,  and  even  the  Gates  of  the  City  open. 
Col.  Greene,  Arnold  &  the  Rhode  Island,  with  some  other  offi- 
cers, were  for  the  attack. 

Nov.  13. — Continued  making  Ladders ;  receiv'd  some  fiivor- 
able  accounts  from   Gen.  Montfi-onierv.     In   the   afternoon   a 


*lfl  remaining  men  not  able  to  do  duty. 


nRTs 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYKK  S    JOUKNAl,. 


19 


11 


council  of  War  was  lioltl,  wherein  it  was  resolved  to  cross  the 
River  at  night,  which  Capt.  Tophani  and  I  done,  but  could  not 
then  bring  the  whole  party  over ;  however  We  brought  the 
remainder  over  the  second  attempt,  tho'  mighty  difficult  on 
account  of  the  Enemy  lying  await  of  us  in  the  River.*  The 
Hunter's  Boat  rowing  down  was  hail'd  by  Col.  Arnold,  myself 
and  4  more,  But  on  her  not  coming  too,  we  fir'd  at  her,  and 
perceived  by  ye  screaming  and  dismal  lamentations  of  the  crew 
that  there  were  some  of  them  kill'd  or  wounded' 

Wov.  14. — A  boat  came  to  Wolfe's  Cove  with  a  Carpenter 
&  4  men  who  were  taken  by  Lieut.  Webb.  They  were  un- 
arm'd,  and  bound  up  the  River  for  some  timber  belonging  to 
Government  that  lay  in  the  Cove.  They  were  carried  to  Head 
Quarters.  One  of  them  was  a  Swiss,  of  whom  we  got  some 
intelligence  ;  the  others  were  Canadians.  The  Enemies  sallied 
out  and  surpris'd  one  of  our  sentries,  whereon  we  immediately 
turn'd  out  our  men  and  march'd  within  80  Rods  of  the  walls, 
giving  8  Huzzas,  and  marching  in  such  a  manner  that  they 
could  not  discover  our  numbers.  They  fir'd  some  Cannon  at 
us,  But  to  no  Effect. 

Nov.  15 — This  Day  busy  in  getting  our  men  in  order  and 
remilatinii  Guards  and  other  Duties.  The  French  seem  for  the 
most  part  in  our  flxvor.  There  are  some  lurking  about  our 
Camp  whom  we  suspect.  But  don't  like  to  take  them  for  fear  of 
aggravating  the  minds  of  the  People.  Last  night  the  English 
troops  set  Fire  to  some  part  of  St.  John's.f 


*"JV(W.  13.  In  tho  evening  crossed  St.  Lawrence  at  tlie  mill  above  Point  Levi,  and 
landed  at  Wolfe's  Cove.  I  went  back  twice  to  fetch  over  the  people,  and  staid  till 
day.  Tho  town  was  alarmed  by  our  Colonel  firing  at  a  boat  in  the  river.  Wo 
went  to  Major  Caldwell's  house,  about  two  miles  from  the  city,  where  we  were 
quartered ;  h  whole  company  Imviuf?  only  ono  snudl  room."— Meioin.  "We  began  to 
embark  our  men  on  board  35  canoes,  and  at  1  o'clock  in  the  moniintf  we  got  over 
aii(t  lauded  al)out  500  men,  entirely  und'scovered,  although  two  men-of-war  were 
stationed  to  prevent  us."— iVeij/s. 

t "  On  tho  15th  one  of  Morgan's  lieutenants,  with  a  party,  rcconnoitered  the 
walls.  Henry  stutes  that  Arnold  had  only  aiO  etTective  men.  Lt.  Gov.  Caldwell's 
well  furnished  farm  house  in  tlie  suburbs  was  occupied  by  the  troops.  Arnold 
formed  his  line  without  musket  range  in  front  of  tho  walls,  and  kept  them  in  posi- 
tion, while  a  thirty-six  pounder  of  the  enemy's  opened  npon  them,  and  which  they 
answered  by  huzzas.  Henry  relates  that  this  caused  much  dissatisfaction  in  those 
who  thought  tho  eouduet  of  Arnold  sprung  from  a  vuin  dosiru  to  parade  bis  power 


20 


CAPTAIN    THAY15R  S    JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


NoiK  IG, — We  march'd  our  men  in  order  to  take  some  live 
stock  belono-ing  to  Government.  We  post'd  near  St.  Jolin's, 
lint  finding  none,  except  a  few  Y'earlings  and  an  old  Cow,  we 
left  a  strong  guard  to  cut  off  the  communication  with  the  City 
and  returned. 

Nov.  17. — Relieved  guards  and  took  two  Gentlemen  who 
were  Capt's  of  the  Militia  in  Quebec.  They  had  been  out  to 
see  what  Interest  they  could  make  in  the  country.  This  Morn- 
ijig  an  Express  arrived  from  Brig.  Gen.  Montgomery  with  some 
agreeable  news. 

Nov.  18. — This  Day  being  relieving  guards  at  the  nunnery, 
Sergt.  Dixon  had  his  leg  shot  off  by  a  12  pounder,  and  after 
having  it  cut  off,  he  expired  in  the  agonies  he  partly  went 
through.* 

Nov.  19. — Relieved  guards  as  usual ;  then,  by  desire  of  Col. 
Arnold,  I  went  and  got  4  Boats  along  the  shore,  after  which  I 
cross'd  the  river  in  order  to  bring  Back  some  invalids  that  were 
left  behind  ;  in  the  meantime  they  holding  a  council  of  war,  [it] 
was  resolved  witliout  my  knowledge,  as  being  then  on  the  other 
side,  to  decamp,  having  understood  that  the  Enemy  was  inform'd 
of  their  situation,   which   on  my  return  I  found   them   to  my 


Ijoi'orc  those  who  had  formerly  contemned  !iim  as  a  "  horse  jockey,"— for  Arnold 
had  ill  prcvuius  years  tradud  with  the  iiilial)itaius,  in  horses.  This  parade  k^vo 
lieniy  "a  contemptible  opinion  of  Arnold."  (iordon,  the  historian,  applauds  the 
inaiiijunvic.  Amwcll,  the  liritish  iiistoilnn,  says  their  commander  killed  several. 
Uciiry  say.i,  all  the  blood  spilt  that  day  llowed  from  Gov.  Caldwell's  fattened 
cattle."— A'ofc  on  Wnrc's  Jour>uil,  Gca.  liiij.  Vol.  VI., p.  113. 

"iV(W.  1.').  The  commandiiis  officer  this  day  sent  into  the  town  n  flag,  concluding 
that  tlie  firing  on  our  (laii  yesterday  was  thron}j;h  mistake;  but  ho  was  treated  in 
the  same  manner  as  yesterday,  on  wliich  he  returned." — Mcifjs. 

*This  was  the  first  blood  sh<^d  before  Quebec.  The  casualty  occurred  on  the  16th. 
Serfj;cai)t  Dixon  was  from  Wef;t  Hanover,  Dauphin  Co.,  Pennsylvania,  where  ho 
])<)sscssed  a  Kood  estate.  He  held  his  warrant  in  one  of  the  rille  companies,  prob- 
ably Smith's.  After  receiviiif?  th(!  fatal  shot,  "ho  was  conveyed  upon  a  litter  to 
the  house  of  an  English  ireiitleman,  about  a  mile  off.  An  amputation  took  place— 
a  tetanus  follnwid,  which,  about  nine  o'clock  of  the  cnsuin>^  day,  ended  in  tha 
dissolution  of  this  honorable  citizen  and  soldier.  An  anecdote  of  him  is  well  worthy 
of  record,  showing,  as  it  does,  his  patriotic  character.  The  lady  of  the  house  where 
he  was  taken,  though  not  approvinp:  of  the  principles  or  actions  of  the  Americans, 
was  nevertheless  very  attentive  to  Dixon,  and  presented  him  witli  a  cup  of  tea 
which  lie  dctlined,  sayinjr,  "  No,  madam,  I  cannot  take  it;  it  is  the  ruin  of  my 
country  "  Utterinn;  this  nnblc  sentiment,  he  died,  sincerely  lamented  by  every  one 
who  had  the  opportunity  of  kuowiny;  his  virtues."— /An;//. 


smm 


1775.  J 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


fjrcat  su  marching  ofF.      We  li  >ar  likewise  that  they  were 

to  sally  out  upon  us,  with  seven  field  Pieces,  at  which  time 
there  was  a  Frigate  that  saiFcl  up  the  River,  which  made  vis 
suspect  the  report  to  be  true.  About  3  o'clock  in  the  morning 
set  out  for  Point-au-Tremble. 

N'ov.  20. — An  express  arrived  from  Genl.  Montgomery  Avith 
ac'ts  that  Genl.  Carleton  quitted  Mcnitreul  to  go  to  Quebec, 
which  he  determines  to  hold  out  at  all  events. 

JVou.  21. — Sent  an  Express  to  Genl.  Montgomery ;  Besides 
sent  a  man  over  the  River,  to  stop  the  men  that  were  there. — 
It  freezes  smartly.  Our  men  are  brought  to  a  distresis'd  situa- 
tion, deficient  of  all  necessaries,  and  obliged  to  hai'd  Duty. 
Numbers  of  the  men  are  working  n.t  moccasins,  but  the  leather 
proves  to  be  of  a  bad  quality. 

JVov.  22. — The  Express  we  sent  to  Genl.  Montgomery  re- 
turned with  letters  from  him.  We  set  a  guard  of  two  Lieuts. 
and  40  men  over  a  river  and  a  Bridge  between  us  and  Quebec. 
A  man  belonging  to  Capt.  Topham's  company  who  was  suppos'd 
to  be  starv'd  to  death,  return'd  and  inform'd  us  that  he  and  one 
Onley  Hart  kept  together  for  some  time,  both  sick  and  wading 
through  the  rivers.  After  being  6  days  from  the  height  of 
Land,  Hart  was  seized  by  the  cramp  and  expired  shortly  after. 
Burdeen  and  5  Riflemen  left  him  dead,  and  shortly  a  -r  met 
another ;  then  espied  a  horse  that  stray'd  away  from  the  man 
that  brought  us  provisions,  which  they  shot,  and  eat  heartily  of 
the  flesh  for  3  or  4  Days,  with  7  or  8  more  that  came  up ;  by 
which  means  they  fortunately  escaped  the  dismal  pangs  of  Death, 
Avhich  they  partly  endur'd  for  7  Days  before,  not  having  any 
sort  of  noui'ishment  but  Roots  and  black  bii'ch  bark,  which  they 
boil'd  and  Drank.  He  inform'd  us  of  a  man  and  wife,  belonging 
to  the  Battalion  of  Riflemen  being  Dead,  with  12  more.  But 
the  woman  return'd  about  6  weeks  afterwards,  and  left  her  hus- 
band in  the  last  agonies.*    When  reflecting  on  the  dismal  marches 


*  Judfje  Henry  speaks  of  two  women,  the  wives  of  soldiers  attached  to  the 
division  of  tlie  army  to  wliicli  lie  belonged.  Their  names  deserve  preservation  for 
the  admiration  of  posterity.  "  One  was  tlie  wife  of  Sergeant  Grier,  a  lurKe,  virtuous 
and  respectable  woman."  'the  other  was  the  wife  of  a  private  soldier  named 
Warner.  Judge  H.  says,  in  reference  to  tlicir  march  throuL'h  the  wet  country  near 
Megantic  Lake,    "  Entering  the  ponds,  and  brcalung  the  ice  here  and  there  with  the 


m 


I 


22 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


and  tlic  farnisliM  sitnntion  of  our  troops,  it  is  wonderful  liow  wo 
are  able  to  endure  the  liardsliips,  witli  sue!;  undaunted  eourago 
and  steadfastness :  and  wei'e  the  Cambridge  ottieers  to  review 
our  men  at  present,  they  certainly  would  sooner  j)refer  the  Hos- 
])ital  for  them  than  the  field,  tho'  recruiting  fast,  and  am  willing 
to  think,  if  once  clotlTd  and  refresh'd  a  little,  would  be  as  eager 
as  over,  tho'  many  ha\Ing  their  constitutions  Racked,  are  in 
sucli  a  condition  as  never  to  be  capable  of  endurinj:  half  what 
they  have  done  hitherto.  This  Place  is  called  Point-au-Tremble. 
The  church  is  dedicated  to  St.  Nicholas.  Two  ofou:  '^olunteers 
began  this  Day  their  journey  homeward. 

Nov.  23. — Col.  Arnold  call'd  a  council  of  War,  to  choose  a 
committee  to  exauiine  into  the  conduct  of  Col.  Enos  and  his 
detaeliment. 

Nov.  2-i. — Had  intelligence  of  -1  arm'd  vessels  beating  up  the 
River  from  (Quebec.  A  Canoe  and  a  Sergeant  with  0  men 
were  dispatch'd  to  Gcn'l  Montgomery  with  intelligence,  who 
was  coming  to  join  us  with  the  tro()])s  under  his  connnand. 

Nov.  25. — The  Hnntc:  Sloop  of  Wir,  in  conjunction  with  a 
r»rig  and  a  Schooner,  liove  in  sight  and  came  too  oft'  Point-au- 
Tremble. 

Nov.  20. — Tills  Day  the  ixbo^'e  Vessels  stood  up  the  River,  in 
order  to  obstruct  Gen'l  Montgomery  and  his  party  from  coming 
down.  Seven  or  eight  masters  of  Vessels  that  came  from  Que- 
bec brought  a  proclamation  of  Gen'i  Carleton,  the  purjxjrt  of 
which  was  as  f«)llows:  that  Every  man  who  would  not  take  up 
arms  au<i  defend  the  city  should  be  procdaim'd  as  traitors  to  their 
country,  and  be  obliged  to  depart  in  4  Days  the  district  of  (Que- 
bec, and  have  their  Goods  conliscated  and  their  persons  iiuole  to 
the  Law.  The  sailors  were  oblig'd  to  [do]  soldier's  duty  on 
shore. 


buttH  olour  g  iinsi  niul  feet,  we  were  booh  waist  dfcp  In  iniid  nml  water.  As  Ik  Rencrnlly 
tho  ease  witli  youtlm,  it  (nine  tu  my  iniiid  that  ii  hettur  piitli  inl^lit  l)c  Ibmnl  tlinn  that 
of  tlic  inori<  elderly  friiidu.  AttciiiiitiiiK  tliis,  ihc  water  in  a  triee  eooliiiK  my  nrm- 
jiiH,  iiiixle  1110  gladly  return  in  tljr  (lie.  Now  Mrs.  (irier  had  got  bel'ore  me.  My 
mind  wax  hnndiiid,  yet,  n»t<ini>hed,  at  the  exerliong  o(  this  (food  woman.  Iler 
elothts  more  Ihiin  waist  hiyh,  nho  waded  on  lielbre  rue  to  (Inn  ffround.  No  one, 
ku  lull);  US  hhu  was  known  to  us,  dared  tu  inllmuti)  u  disruMpeellul  idea  of  her." 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYEIl  S   JOUHSAL. 


28 


Nov.  27. — Our  Dutaclimcnt  was  ordorVl  to  hold  tlicnisolvos 
in  reatliiK's.s  to  march  at  a  momiMit  s  warning.  Last  [night] 
Lieut.  Brown  was  detach'd  on  some  Business  and  rettirnM  tliis 
morning  with  4  Gov  ,  4  Calves,  2  Horses,  and  a  Calash  belong- 
ing to  the  Enemy. 

Nov.  28. — Capt.  (Toodrich  with  2  subalterns,  4  Sergeants  and 
04  men,  were  detach'd  to  meet  Gen.  Montgomery  s  advanced 
guard  with  necessary  stores,  &c.,  and  to  watch  the  Vessels  ; 
also  Capt.  Morgan  with  a  like  nund)er  of  men,  to  go  before 
Quebec  to  watch  their  motions.  Capt.  Cidhvel  Burnt  His  own 
house,  in  order  that  we  might  not  have  the  satisfaction  to  ipiarter 
in  it,  as  we  had  done  before,  a  j)oor  malice  tending  to  his  own 
disadvantage. 

Nov.  29. — Snows  haj'd.  Majcn*  Callwel's  clerk  was  taken 
Pris<mer,  and  confirms  the  forementiou'd  intelligence. 

Nov.  80. — Continued  snowing.  The  .")  vessels  that  went  from 
Quebec  came  down  the;  River  agaiii,  mucli  to  our  satisfiiclion. 

Dec.  1. — Intelligence  of  Gen.  Montgomery's  sailing  down  the 
River  with  5  Vessels,  [which]  had  15  Barrels  of  Powder  and 
2  Boxes  of  Lead. 

Dec.  2. — This  Day  a  Detachment  was  commanded  to  go 
down  to  Celer's,  within  a  league  of  Quebec,  under  command  of 
Capt.  Hanchet,  to  carry  down  the  Cannon,  artillery,  stores, 
and  some  provisions,  in  three  Batteaux,  which  he  abruptly  re- 
fus'd,  alleging  the  Danger  of  such  an  undertaking  to  be  too 
imminent ;  upon  which  Col.  Arnold  sent  for  Capt.  Topham  and 
myself,  enraged  at  the  refusal  of  the  Connecticut  oflicer,  sworo 
he  would  arrest  him,  and  desir'il  it  as  a  favor  of  one  of  us  to 
perform  the  said  connnand,  which  we  eagerly  accepted,  and 
turning  "  Imxd  or  tall,"  it  happen'd  to  fall  to  my  lot,  I'qually  to 
my  satisfiiction,  and  vexation  of  Capt.  Tophau),  who  wasalwavs 
ready  to  Encounter  the  greatest  Dangers.*     1   marchoil   down 


*"Dec.  2.  In  llic  moniiiiu:  I  asHislcd  in  si  .illnn  down  our  ilolil  iirtilliirv  by  liiml. 
Tli(!  litrgo  iiuinon  111 e  onlurc'd  down  in  biitlocD,  wliii-li,  wliun  liindod,  tlio  butloutf 
uro  to  KG  to  Tolnt  Levi  for  iho  Hcnllnt;  luddurs."— .Vc/Vs. 

"  Wo  rctnitod  the  roiifo  from  (Jiifl)oc.  A  snow  liiid  fiilicn  dnrinff  tin*  niglit,  ninl 
ponllniii'd  failing.  To  niiircli  on  tills  snow  was  a  most  fall^ruin>f  Im<ill(^ss.  liy  Mils 
time  wo  had  ({cncraMy  iiirnlslietl  oursolvcg  witli  Ht-al-skin  nioccasiiis,  wliiih  wo 
larno,  and  according  to  Uic  usa^o  of  tlic  country,  Btulfod  with  liay  or  leaves,  to  keep 


CAPTAIN  THATKR  S    JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


to  the  nunnorv,  went  on  board  the  vessel,  and  lodfr'd.  Tin's 
Day  Capt.  Oj^den  arrived  with  stores  of  all  kinds  for  the  soldiers. 
Genl.  Montgomery  hove  in  sight;  at  9  o'clock  came"  into  Point- 
au-Tremble.  March'd  our  men  to  receive  him  at  the  shore. 
He  recei  'ed  ns  jiolitely.  He  is  a  genteel  ai)i)earing  man,  tall 
and  slender  of  make,  bald  on  the  To|)  of  his  head,  resolute 
[word  unintelligible]  and  mild,  of  an  agreeable  temper,  and  a 
virtuous  General. 

Dec.  0. — Orders  were  given  to  distribute  Clothes  to  the  sol- 
diers. I  went  with  the  Batteaux  which  we  loaded  ;  the  tide 
serving,  towards  the  evening  we  cut  through  the  ice  for  |  mile, 
and  row'd  down  18  miles  in  tlie  night  time,  being  so  cold  that 
we  strove  with  the  utmost  Eagerness  to  Row,  in  order  to  keep 
ourselves  from  being  frozen  with  cold  until  we  reach'd  Celer's. 
Jiesides,  such  a  pi'odigious  snow-storm  rais'd  that  we  separated, 
and  could  not  come  up  with  each  other  until  I  order'd  some 
guns  to  be  fir'd,  by  the  flashing  of  which  with  the  utmost  difK- 
cultv  we  rejoined,  and  immediately  making  for  the  shore.  The 
Batteaux  being  heavy  and  cpiite  frozen,  got  on  the  Ground 
amongst  Uocks,  and  the  men  being  very  impatient  and  not  will- 
ing to  remain  there  long,  jump'd  into  the  river,  being  up  to 
their  armpits  in  the  water,  and  with  the  utmost  difficulty  reach'd 
the  shore,  from  whence  they  brought  some  horses  in  order  to  ena- 
ble me  and  the  remainder  to  reach  it  with  much  less  dilHculty.* 

Dec.  4. — This  morning  we  landed  our  guns,  «fec.,  and  tarried 
there  :i  Days  in  a  most  disagreeable  situation,  utitil  relieved  the 
llth  Day  by  the  York  line,  detaining  such  as  pass'd,  for  fear  of 
bringing  intelligence  to  the  Enemy,  who  were  within  B  miles  of 
lis  ut  St.  Uo([ue8.     This  Day  the  detachment  rec'd  orders  for 


till'  foot  dry  anil  wnriu.  I'.vcrv  step  tiikt'i.  In  tlio  dry  snow,  tlio  nio.casin  huvhifrno 
ruiHi'il  liui'l  tu  support  llio  position  of  tliu  loot,  it  slippcil  Imck,  und  tliiH  producod 
(Tixal  wrarincss.  On  lids  march  ilii>  iisu  of  tliu  Nnowxhou  was  very  ol)vloiis,  but  wo 
wen-  destitute  of  tlmt  nrtii'li'.  Tlio  cvunlufi;  liroutclit  up  tlio  ritlcnion  iit  an  oxIimikIvo 
liouHO  la  tin*  parish  of  St.  Foix,  about  three  niilcH  from  (iuobof.  It  was  iiihnbitud  by 
tunanlH.  Wo  look  poH^u.sHion  of  a  front  pirlor  on  tlio  loft,  Morjjun  ono  on  tlio  rlnlit, 
Ilcndrii  ks  a  back  apartment,  and  tlio  soldiery  in  tlio  upper  imrtK  of  the  liouso,  and 
Boine  warm  out  buildings  "—/A' nrj/, 

*"Dci'.  :'.(/.     Major  Hrown  nrrivo?  '-fin  Sorol.    The  soldiers  drnwiufj  tboir  doth- 
Inji."— Af<ij/a.    l.Si'o  Appoiulix  tl.  for  bio^jrapldcal  nkelehos  of  ofllcers.] 


I77r..] 


C/itPTAIN   THAYKR  S  JOURNAL. 


26 


marcliino;  to  visit  Quebec  once  more.* 

Dec.  5. — Fair,  though  cold  wea  her. 
"     6. — Two  companies  were  s.>nt  to  Beauport  to  watcli  tlie 
motions  of  the  enemy.     Capt's  Duggon  and  Smith  took  a  Ves- 
sel and  6  men  loaded  with  Provisions  and  small  stock,  besides 
382  Dollars  beloncinii;  to  Government. 

Dec.  7  ^  8. — Busied  in  regulating  Guards  and  Quartering 
our  men.  Order'd  three  Companies  to  march  forward,  amongst 
whom  was  the  Connecticut  officer  Hanchet,  but  abruptly  refus'd, 
alk'iiing  his  usual  allegations  of  beinoj  too  Danjjerous,  as  bein*; 
for  the  matter  of  half  a  mile  expos'd  to  the  Cannon  of  the  enemy, 
on  which  denial  Col.  Arnold  sent  for  Capts.  Topliam,  Ilurlbcrt 
and  myself,  to  which  we  consented,  and  were  expos'd  for  3 
weeks  to  the  most  imminent  Danger,  instances  of  which  I  will 
let  the  curious  reader  know  soine.  Being  one  morning  alarm'd 
by  the  continual  firing  of  the  Enemy  on  our  quarters,  Capt. 
Topham  and  myself  rising  out  of  Bed  had  several  Balls  fir'd 
through  our  lodgings  ;  one  particularly  went  through  our  bed, 
and  pass'd  midway  between  him  and  myself,  without  any  hurt, 
and  clear'd  ([uite  through  the  other  end  of  our  Room,  to  our 
astonishment.  Brought  2  Field  Pieces  to  Col.  Arnold's  Head 
(Quarters. 

Dec.  9. — Prepar'd  for  erecting  a  Battery.  Drafted  100  men 
for  fatigue,  100  to  cover  the  Mortars,  and  20  for  an  advanced 
guard. 

Dec.  10. — This  Day  as  soon  as  the  Enemy  perceiv'd  our  Bat- 
tery, made  a  continual  firing  all  day,  throwing  some  shells,  But 
to  no  Ert'ect. 


*"  Gencriil  onlcM  for  all  to  (Icciunp,  and  I  hlruil  n  Frcncliinnn  with  li  tIoII, 

and  procc'i'tlud  to  St.  Foys,  iVoin  tlieiico  to  St.  Cliarles,  and  took  lodirjii^d  r     Mi 
I<urr(iti;;li'a.    Dec,  !ilh. — I  had  now  orders  to  tak(!  possoMBloii  of  tlio  (Icnoral  llos|ii 
tal  for  till)  rc('0))tlon  of  our  sick  and  woundod.    This  was  an  elouaiit  Ituildinji,  sitsiato 
upon  iSi.  Charlus  river,  halt' a  milo  from  St.  Uoiiui-'s  ^aW.     A  cliapci,  nunni'ry,  and 
hospital  wore  all  under  one  roof.    This  luiildin);  was  (!\  cry  way  lit  for  the  purpose, 
a  fliic  spacious  ward,  capalilo  of  contttinInK  (Ifty  patients,  with  one  lire-place,  stoves 
&c.    The  numlwr  of  sick  wiis  not  very  considerahlo  at  this  tiino;   however,  tlioy 
soon  trrew  more  nuinerous.    The  Hospital  lieinir  in  an  advanced  part  of  the  army, 
I  did  not  think  it  expedient  to  assume  a  residence  therein  as  yet.      In   conscqueneo 
of  which  I  was  ol)li)j;ed  to  visit  it  daily   in  open  view  of  the  eiictny's  walls,  who 
Bcldoui  failed  to  givoino  a  few  shou  ovury  thae. '—/>(•.  bentor'B  Journal, 


26 


CAPTAIN    THAYEll  S   JOURNAL. 


11775. 


Bee.  12. — We  fir'd  a  few  Shots  from  our  Battery. 
"     13. — Furnisli'd  our  men  with  26  Rouncls  of  Cartridges. 
"     14. — Fir'd  a  Ball  through  our  Breastwork,  which  kill'd 
two  men  and  wounded  5. 

Dec.  15.— We  fir'd  Briskly  on  the  Town  all  Day.* 
"     16. — There  was  a  Brisk  Cannonading  on  hoth  sides, 
which  obliged  Col.  Arnold  to  Quit  his  Quarters  ;    had  one  man 
kiird.     A  council  of  war  being  held,  resolv'd  to  storm  the  Town. 
Dec.  17. — A  return  was  made  of  what  Arms  our  men  had. 
"•     18. — A  General  return  was  made  for  all  the  arms  and 
ammunition   want  ng  in  our  detachment. 

Dec.  19. — Busied  in  delivering  arms  and  ammunition  to  our 
men. 

Dec.  20. — On  the  same  Business. 
"     21. — Nothing  worth  mentioning.! 
2-1. — Busiel  in  making  (Cartouches. J 
25. — Every   Cajtt.    of  our   Detachment  had   orders   to 
march  his  Company  to  Mr.  Desvin's,  to  be  reviewed  by  Genl. 
Montgomery. 

Dec.  26. — Nothing  remarkable. 

"     27. — Stormy  weather.     The  men  were  order'd  to  hold 

themselves  in  readiness  to  storm  the  Town  at  the  shortest  notic. 

About  12  at  niy;ht,   the  army   beinc;  divided  accordinji  to  the 

plan  the  Gen'l  had  laid,  the  Capts.   Smith,  Tophani,  Ilendrick 


41 


*  Pec.  15.  "  At  tliu  dnwn  of  (lay  our  battery  o|K'nc(l  upon  thein,  in  which  was 
mounted  live  jj;un,s,  none  lander  thiiii  12n.  Tlic  enemy  soon  followed  suit,  and  tho 
flro  and  re-liro  was  ahnost  ineessant  for  several  hours.  In  tho  afiernoon  a  i\i\^  of 
truie  attempted  to  ^o  in,  but  was  ordered  haek  immediately,  or  bo  Ihed  upon."— 
iknicr's  Journul. 

I}'jc.  Us.  "  Cannonade  from  hoth  sides,  not  so  severe  as  yesterday.  A  l)ravo 
soldier  b_v  tlie  name  of  Mory;an  received  a  urapo  shot  under  the  lower  ed(j;o  of  tho 
left  scup\d«,  elosc  to  the  uxilii,  and  went  ohlinuely  Ihroufih  l)otli  lobes  of  the  lungs. 
Walked  moi-e  tlian  a  mile,  with  tho  assistance  of  a  mess  mate,  into  the  Hospital. 
A  superdeiul  dres.sinn  was  all  that  could  he  done,  a8  violent  henoptoi  ensued;  con- 
eluded  Ills  residence  was  not  lont;." — iStiiUr's  JiturtMl. 

t"  Ihx-  '^2.  Preparation  is  making,  and  tliin^ts  seem  ripcnin<;  fast  for  ilie  assault 
upon  tho  works  of  Qtiotiec.  The  ble.ssinj;  of  heaven  attend  tliu  enterprise.  This 
oveniuR  is  celebrated  OS  tho  anniversary  of  a  happy  event  or  eireumstunco  in  my 
life."— J/(i;/<t. 

t"Dec.2i,  I  wu  on  n  ucncral  Court-mnrtial.  Our  chaplain,  (ttcv.  Samuel 
Sprln);.!  preached  a  sermon  in  tlie  General  Hospital,  wldch  is  exceedingly  elegant 
iusiUe,  uod  riebly  dccoratod  with  carvini^s  and  Kilt  work."— .Utt'iyt. 


1775.] 


CAPTAIN  Thayer's  journal. 


m 


and  myself  wove  to  attack  the  iipoer  town  under  Gen.  Mont- 
gomery, wliilst  the  other  party  wt  aid  make  feint  attack  on  the 
lower  town,  under  Col.  Greene.  But  the  Darkness  of  the 
weather  not  answering  to  the  General's  expectations,  was  de- 
tained; but  [he]  favourably  countenanc'd  our  uiuiaunt'd  courage, 
and  said  he  was  exceeding  sorry  to  have  stopp'd  the  career  of 
so  Brave  men  in  the  expectations  they  entertain'd  in  the  ensuing 
occasion  ;  but  hoped  a  more  favorable  moment  should  shortly 
answer,  in  which  he  was  willing  to  sacrifice  his  Life  in  adding 
by  any  means  to  the  honor  of  his  Brother  soldiers  and  country  ; 
But  then  saw  not  only  tlie  impossibility  of  his  most  earnest  de- 
sires, But  likewise  the  un]ia])py  fate  that  should  succeed  the 
attempt,  begging  of  them  iti  the  meantime  not  to  be  the  least 
dismay 'd  or  dishearten'd  ;  that  the  few  moments  they  had  to 
draw  back  were  only  a  true  source  to  add  more  lustre  and  Glory 
to  their  uiulertakings;  adding  that,  being  then  their  Gen'l  and  com- 
mon leader,  if  rushin<>;  into  the  immiiu'nt  and  inevitable  Danger  he 
foresaw,  [he]  was  not  only  answerable  to  his  country,  but  likewise 
to  his  merciful  Creator,  for  the  lives  of  his  fellow  soldiers,  in  rashly 
exposing  them  to  yo  merciless  rage  of  their  common   Enemies. 

Dec.  28. — Some  of  the  soldiers  took  4  men  that  refus'd  to 
turn  out,  and  led  them  from  place  to  jdace  with  Halters  round 
their  necks,  exposing  them  to  tl;e  ridicule  of  the  soldiers,  as  a 
punishment  Due  to  their  effeminate  courage,  who,  after  suffering 
in  their  fatigues  to  a  degree  of  si)irit  not  as  yet  known  to  be  equal'd, 
timorously  withdrew  from  the  Laurels  they  wore  ready  to  gather. 

Dec.  21*. — A  number  of  shells  were  thrown  into  the  town. 
A  file  of  men  were  sent  into  one  Drnnuuond's  Still  House  to 
take  a  man  that  was  snspect'd  of  giving  intelligence  to  the 
Enemy,  of  whom  one  was  wounded  in  bringing  him  off.  Capt. 
Dniitien  took  another,  who  carried  on  for  t;omu  time  a  corres- 
pondence  with  the  Kiuuny. 

Dec.  WO, — The  Enemy  kept  up  a  smart  fire  all  day  on  St. 
Roques,  but  I^one  little  or  no  Damage.  This  Evening  rcc'J 
orders  that  the  General  determin'd  to  storm  the  city  this  niglit, 
ordering  our  men  to  get  their  arms  in  readiness.*     It  was  very 


•The  entry  hern  coinmoihi'il  on  the  30th,  was  pi-olinhly  coiupluted  tliu  next  lUy, 
witliuut  prolixin^  thu  proper  duto. 


I  '^ 


It!, 


2a 


CAPTAIN   THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


(lark,  and  snowed.  The  plan  was  as  follo^vs  :  Gcnl.  Montgom- 
ery, with  the  York  forces.  Was  to  proceed  around  Cape  Diamond 
and  make  his  attack  there.  Col.  Livingston,  with  a  party  of 
Canadians,  to  make  a  false  attack  on  the  same,  and  on  St.  John's 
Gate.  An  advanced  party  of  25  men  to  go  to  Drummond's 
wharf.  Col.  Arnold's  detachment  to  attack  the  lower  town  in 
the  following  manner :  Capt.  Morgan's  company  in  the  front, 
with  Col.  Arnold  and  Lieut.  Col.  Greene  ;  then  Capt.  Lamb's 
company  with  one  field  piece  ;  then  Capt.  Deai'boni's,  Capt. 
Topham's  nnd  mine,  and  Ward's,  Bigelow's  in  the  centre,  then 
Capt.  Smith's,  Hendricks',  Goodrich's,  Hubbai'd's,  and  Major 
Meigs'  in  the  Rear.*  We  Avere  to  receive  the  signal  by  the 
firing  of  three  sky-rockets  to  attack,  but  not  observing  them  soon 
eno',  Capt.  Dearborn's  company,  on  acct.  of  being  Q^'^i'^^'^'t!'^ 
over  Charles'  river,  and  the  tide  being  high,  did  not  come  up, 
and  march'd  ^n  without  him,  imamninc;  he  v/ould  soon  over- 
take  us.  They  fir'd  briskiy  upon  us  as  we  pass'd  the  street  for 
the  space  of  half  a  mile,  killing  and  wounding  luimbers  of  our 
men,  of  whom  was  Capt.  Hubbard,  who  died  shortly  after  in 
the  hosi)ital  of  Quebec. 

The  front  having  got  lost  by  a  prodigious  snow  storm,  I 
unilertook  to  pilot  them,  liaving  measur'd  the  works  before,  and 
knowing  the  place.  But  coming  to  the  Barrier,  two  field  pieces 
j)layed  briskly  on  us  that  were  placed  there.  But  on  their 
drawing  them  back  to  re-charge,  Capt.  Morgan  and  myself 
Quickly  advanced  thnmgli  the  Ports,  seizx'd  them  with  00  men 
rank  and  file,  which  was  their  main  guard,  and  made  Prisoners. f 


*Capt.  Laml)'8  fonipany  were  York  nrtillcrists.  Mr.t,»an'8  were  tho  celcbrnted 
Vir}:inia  Uiiiifrprs.  Smith's  nmt  Ilciidrirks'  were  from  Lnncnster  and  Cuml)erlninl 
I'ountios,  Pennsylvania.  Henry  thus  dcBcrilx'S  llicir  dress  :  "  Kaeh  man  of  tho 
tlireo  companies  bore  ii  ritlo  barreled  (juu,  a  tomahawk,  or  Hroall  uxo,  nnd  a  long 
knife,  ui^iially  cullod  a  sealpiny;  knife,  whieh  served  for  all  jjiirposcs  in  tho  woods. 
His  nnder-dress,  liy  no  means  in  a  military  style,  was  eovered  by  a  deep  nsh-eolored 
huntinu-shirt,  Icyrgins,  and  mocassins,  if  the  luUer  eoidd  I)o  procured.  It  was  a  silly 
fashion  of  those  times  for  rillemen  to  ape  tho  manners  of  savages."  "  Tho  Cann- 
dians  who  first  saw  these  [men]  emerge  from  tho  woods,  said  they  wercrt'tiifji  toile 
—clothed  in  iinrn.  The  word  toilf  was  ehimped  to  tolc,  iron  plato.  Ily  a  mistako 
of  a  «ingle  word  the  fears  of  the  people  were  greatly  increased,  lor  the  news  spread 
tliat  the  mysteiious  army  that  deseendcu  from  tho  wilderness  waselad  insheet  iron.'' 
—  Aoss/Hj/'s  fiitd  ISook  J.  It.  I'.W. 

tSeu  Appendix  II. 


\ 


1775.1 


CAPTAIN   THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


29 


Immediately  afterwards,  advancing  towards  a  Picket,  that  lay 
further  up  the  street,  where  there  was  a  company  of  the  most 
responsible  citizens  of  Quebec,  found  their  Capt.  Drunk,  took 
them  likewise  Prisoners,  and  taking  their  dry  arms  for  our  own 
use,  and  laying  ours  up  in  order  to  dry  them,  being  wet,  and 
advancing,  by  whicli  time  our  whole  party  got  into  the  first 
Barrier.  We  rallied  our  men,  and  strove  to  scale  the  second. 
Notwithstanding  their  utmost  eftbrts,  we  got  some  of  our  ladders 
up,  but  were  oblig'd  to  reti'eat,  our  arms  being  wet,  and  scarcely 
one  in  ten  would  fire  ;  whereon  some  did  retreat  back  to  the 
first  Barrier  we  had  taken,  and  when  we  came  there  we  found 
we  could  not  retreat  without  exposing  ourselves  to  the  most 
imminent  Dangers. 

We  had  kill'd  in  our  detachment  Capt.  Hendricks,  Lieut. 
Cooper  &  Lieut.  Humphreys,  with  a  number  of  Privates, 
and  in  Genl.  Montgomery's  party  there  was  kill'd  the  Bravo 
and  much  to  be  lamented  Genl.  Montgomery,*  and  his  aid-de- 
camp McPherson,  Capt.  Chceseman,  and  some  Privates.  Col. 
Campbell  then  took  the  command,  and  order'd  a  retreat,  so  that 
the  force  of  the  Garrison  came  upon  us.  Cnpt.  Lamb  was 
wounded.  There  was  no  possibility  of  retreating,  and  they 
promising  us  good  quarters,  we  surrender'd.  Col.  Amiold  being 
wounded  in  the  beginning  of  the  action,  was  carried  to  the 
General  Hospital.  The  number  of  us  tiiat  did  not  retreat, 
amongst  whom  Were  Col.  Gi'eene,  Capt.  Morgan,  and  a  num- 
ber of  other  officers  and  myself,  with  a  number  of  Privates,  after 
passing  the  first  Barrier,  having  been  for  upwards  of  4  hours 
victorious  of  the  Lower  town,  in  fact,  and  had  about  loO  prise, n- 
ers  in  our  possession,  fell  unhappily  the  victims  of  them  that  a 
little  while  before  felt  the  same  dismal  fate  with  ourselves,  which 
thinking  Avere  the  only  [ones,]  But  to  our  great  surprise,  on 
our  coming  into  the  upper  town  as  priscmers,  we  found  Capt. 
Dearborn  and  company,  who  niiss'd  his  way  and  advanced  to 
the  palace  gate,  unfortunately,  and  to  our  astonishment,  felt  the 
same  fate  4  hours  before. 


*"  A  <Ii  iinkeii  snilDr  rcliinicd  to  liis  (run,  swciuiii;;  he  woulil  not  rorsukc  it  wliilo 
undisc'liar^uU.  This  fiitt  is  rcliitod  from  tho  testimony  of  tlie  f^iiiinl  on  tlio  inoniliif; 
of  our  euptiiru,  HOiiiu  of  IhoKU  sailors  hciiiK  our  Kuurd.  AppiyiiiK  tliu  nintch,  (liis 
8in(?lotll8i'liarj;o  deprived  us  uf  our  cxi'ci'eiit  comuiauder." — llmnj. 


■^11 


;V\ 


80 


CAPTAIN   THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


[1775. 


It  is  much  to  be  lamented  the  sad  exit  of  this  brave  vohinteer 
detachment,  who,  exposing  their  lives  in  the  Common  Cause  of 
their  Country,  marching  thro'  wildernesses,  sometimes  the 
Tempest  summoning  all  the  forces  of  the  air,  and  pouring  itself 
from  the  angry  north,  now  scaling  the  rolling  mountains,  Shoot- 
ing with  imj)etuosity  into  the  yawning  gulfs,  struggling  thro' 
the  forest  boughs  frightful  eno'  to  terrify  the  most  savage  nations. 
Now  the  inhabitants  of  the  forest  forsake  their  Dens  ;  a  thousand 
grim  forms,  a  thousand  growling  monsters  pace  the  Dessert, 
Death  in  their  jaws,  Avhile  stung  Avith  hunger  and  a  thirst  for 
blood.  In  this  situation,  we  trembling  with  cold  and  fomish'd 
nerves,  we  reach  deserts  not  less  territying  than  those  we  past. 
The  more  we  advance,  the  fewer  we  are  in  number,  for  the 
strength  of  our  liimbs  was  hardly  able  to  support  the  weakness 
of  our  Body.  Nay,  even  in  this  situation,  some  of  our  party 
who  were  not  willing  to  expose  themselves  further.  Earnestly 
wish'd  we  would  return  home  M'ith  them.  But  no,  we  despised 
their  temerity  and  effeminate  courage,  and  proceeded  for  our 
destined  ])lace,  contrary  to  their  expectations,  where  at  length 
we  arrived,  promising  ourselves  shortly  the  fruits  of  our  Labor  ; 
But,  alas,  fell  the  victims  of  merciless  uiisery.  Let  us  consider 
what  doleful  recompence  ;  instead  of  being  regaled  with  the 
fruits  of  unwearied  labor,  we  imagine  our  houses  I'ansack'd,  and 
our  Villages  plundered.  We  might  behold  our  cities  encom- 
j>ass'd  with  armies,  and  our  fruitful  fields  clothM  with  desolation, 
or  have  been  more  frightfully  shock'd  at  the  images  of  slaughter 
instead  of  peace,  with  her  imperial  scale  securing  our  goods,  and 
the  cheering  olives  sheltering  our  abodes,  persecution  brandish- 
ing her  sword,  and  slavery  clanking  her  chains.  But  then  we 
surt'erM,  jiromising  ourselves  after  some  time  the  agreeable  hopes 
of  victorv,  wishiu"-  an  overthrow  of  the  united  forces  of  intestine 
treason  and  foreign  invasion,  which  finally  happen'd,  and  pours 
joy  through  the  present  age,  and  Avill  transmit  its  influence  to 
o-enerations  vet  unb(»rn.  Are  not  all  the  blessings  that  can 
endear  society  or  render  life  itself  desirable,  center'd  in  our 
present  constitution  ?  And  were  they  all  not  struck  at  by  that 
imjiiou-^  and  horrid  blow  meditated  by  our  friends  and  relatives 
in  our  Mother  country,  and  secoiulud  by  factious  spirits  at  home  ? 


\ 


1776.] 


CAPTAIN   THAYER  =?   JOURNAL. 


31 


Wlio,  then,  can  be  sufficiently  tliankful  for  the  fjracious  inter- 
position of  Providence,  which  has  not  only  averted  the  impend- 
ing ruin,  but  turn'd  it  with  aggravating  confusion  on  the  authors 
of  our  troubles. 

Liberty,  that  Dearest  of  names,  and  property,  the  best  of 
Charters,  gave  an  additional  tlesire  to  extirpate  the  malignant 
root  of  Arbitrary  power.  But  supposing  the  reverse  should 
have  befallen  us,  how  could  we  expect  a  mitigation  of  their 
severity,  or  the  tender  mercies  of  a  self  thouoht  injured  Kinf  to 
have  been  less  merciful.  Besides,  where  should  have  been  the 
encouragement  to  cultivate  our  little  portion,  or  what  ])leasure 
could  arise  from  an  impi'oved  spot,  if  both  the  one  and  the  other 
lay  every  moment  at  the  mercy  of  lawless  power.  This  embit- 
tering circumstance  would  spoil  their  relish,  and,  by  rendering 
them  a  precarious,  would  render  them  a  joyless  acquisition.  In 
vain  might  the  vine  spread  her  purple  clusters,  in  vain  be  lavish 
of  her  generous  juices,  if  tyranny,  like  a  ravenous  Harpy,  should 
be  always  hovering  over  the  bowl,  and  ready  to  snatch  it  from 
the  lip  of  industry. 

Jan.  1, 1776. — The  officers  that  were  taken  with  myself  at  (Que- 
bec, viz.,  Lieut.  Col.  Greene  ;  Majors  Bigelow  and  Meigs;  Capts. 
Morgan,  Goodrich,  Lockwood,  Oswald,  Topham,  Tliayre,  Ward, 
Dearborn,  Lamb,  Hanchet  &  Hubbard,  who  died  of  his  wounds  ; 
Adjutant  Steele,  Volunteers  Duncati,  McGuire  and  Porterfield, 
Lieuts.  Heath,  O'Brian,  Savage,  Compstoi,  Brown,  Gi-:dale,* 
Clark,  Humphrey,  Webb,  Slocum,  Shaw,  Andrews,  Hutchins, 
Thomas  &  Nichols,  Lieut.  McDougall ;  Adjutant  Nebegry,  cc 
Chattin,  Quartermaster,  were  altogether  imprisoned  on  the  first 
of  January,  being  a  bad  method  to  begin  the  new  year.  How- 
ever, there  was  nothing  to  be  done  but  strive  to  content  ourselves 
as  well  as  time  and  place  afforded  us.f 

*\Vrliten  Tisdale  in  the  list  of  olflceis. 

t"  January  ye  1st,  1776.  We  liiul  a  straw  bod  between  two,  and  a  blanket  eixdi  man 
served  IIS, — Mclcin.  Our  allowaiice  of  provisions  is  one  iioiiiul  of  lircail,  anil  a 
half  pound  of  pork,  cntl  one  };ill  of  rice  for  a  day,  and  0  oz.  of  butter  for  a  week. — 
2d.  In  prison.  Tliis  day  we  had  a  oask  of  porter  sent  us  by  some  gentlemen  of  the 
town."—  Ware's  Jonriial.  "  Henry  says  that  the  merchants  obtained  General  Carlo, 
ton's  leave  10  make  Iheni  I  the  prisoners]  a  New  Ycir's  presiMit.  It  was  a  large 
butt  of  imrter,  with  a  due  quantity  of  bread  and  choesc.  Tliey  shared  more  than  a 
pint  a  man  V'—Notc  on  Ware's  Journal. 


II 


■  i 


CAPTAIN   THAYEK  S   JOURNAL. 


[1776. 


Jan.  2. — Major  Moigs  was  allow'd  to  go  out  on  his  parole 
and  get  our  Baggage,  and  to  return  on  Friday.  AVe  were 
visited  by  the  officers  of  tiac  Garrison. 

Jan.  3, — By  consent  of  the  General,  Doct.  Bullcn  camo  and 
Innoculated  16  of  us  ;  3  had  it  the  natural  way,  of  whom  ono 
Died.     Again  visited  by  the  officers  of  the  garrison.  > 

Jany^. — Major  Meigs  return'd  with  the  Baggage. 
"  5. — We  had  Liberty  to  visit  the  officers  that  were  not 
innoculated,  on  acct.  of  their  having  it  before,  which  made  our 
situation  more  agreeable.  But  could  not  keej)  a  regular  journal 
an)'  longer,  the  General  having  order'd  us  to  be  depriv'd  of  our 
Pens  «fc  ink,  &c.*  We  were  lodg'd  in  two  separate  Rooms. 
But  on  one  Mr.  Hutchins  saying  that  there  were  a  number  of 
our  men  outside,  in  the  hearing  of  one  of  the  sentries,  we  were 
instantly  oblig'd  to  lodge  in  one  Room,  which  was  veiy  disa- 
greeable, as  some  of  us  were  ill,  besides  being  30  officers  of  us, 
and  3  boys,  in  a  small  room  about  30  foot  square  ;  thus  continu- 
ing, having  Daily  a  field  officer  to  visit  us.f  After  Capt.  Lamb 
return'd  from  the  Hospital,  the  Barrier  was  alter'd  fui'ther  back, 
and  we  were  allow'd  2  small  rooms  for  12  of  us  to  sleep  in, 
which  prov'd  exceeding  satisfactory.  Continuing  in  this  Lament- 
able situation  for  some  time,  and  seeing  no  hopes  of  relief,  we 
unanimously  resolv'd  to  make  our  escape  if  possible.  Accord- 
ingly we  curried  the  favor  of  one  of  the  sentinels,  who  we  found 
Avilling  to  be  of  our  party,  having  inform'd  us  of  the  situation  of 
the  Garrison,  the  strength  of  our  forces,  and  the  General's  name. 
In  consequence,  J  amongst  the  number  of  officers  Capt.  Lockwood 

*"  Jan-  9.  Very  dark  weather  and  snowed.  Some  more  taken  with  tlie  small  pox, 
and  we  expect  it  will  be  a  general  disorder,  for  wo  are  very  thick,  nasty  and  lousy. 
Our  livinj;  is  salt  pork,  biscuit,  rice  and  butter,  and  a  sufllcioney  allowed  if  we  wore 
not  checked  in  our  weifjht  by  one  Dewey,  who  is  appointed  our  quarternuister  ser- 
geant, to  deal  out  our  provision.  We  have  not  above  three  oz.  of  pork  a  day,  and 
not  half  a  pint  of  rice,  and  two  biscuit  a  day."— J/e/u»i. 

t  "jPt&.  10.  One  of  our  men  named  Parrot,  put  in  irons  for  calling  ono  of  the 
cmitrrants  a  tory.    Our  army  opened  a  battery." — Mclvin, 

tUnder  ilate  March  ",'Wth  to  ;tlst,"  Ware  says,  "  Most  of  the  prisoners  consulted 
tojfcther  to  break  out  of  prison,  to  try  their  best  to  take  the  town."  Their  plan 
was  frustrated  by  noise  made  while  cuttinj;  away  ice  at  the  cellar  door,  and  by  ono 
of  their  number  turning  informer.  Their  room  and  packs  were  searched  for  arms 
and  ammunition,  without  discovering  any,  and  tho  prisoners  woro  thou  put  in 


I    V 


1776.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYER^    JOURNAL. 


33 


and  myself  were  pitch'cl  upon  to  make  our  Escape.  Accordingly 
wo  sounded  Jon,  (who  vo  shall  name  the  above  sentinel,)  and 
found  him  desirous  to  assist  us  as  much  as  laid  in  his  power. 
He  furnish'd  us  with  clubs  apiece,  and  answering  the  counter- 
sign, we  were  to  pass  out  of  the  chamber  window,  4  stories  high, 
by  the  means  of  our  blankets  tied  together,  expecting  the  signal 
from  Joe,  which  was  to  be  observed  by  3  claps  on  the  breach  of 
his  gun,  and  an  Equal  number  of  siffling  thro'  his  fingers,  which 
was  partly  done  for  three  succeeding  nights,  but  unfortunately 
liinder'd  by  the  means  of  the  jiatrols,  wlio  were  continually 
watching,  or  some  others  not  less  interesting.* 

Finding,  with  the  utmost  regret,  that  our  plan  was  not  seem- 
ingly to  answer  our  expectations,  we  meditated  another  not  less 
dangerous,  which  was  as  follows :  By  cutting  off  the  planks 
which  were  spik'd  on  the  Door,  we  could  pass  to  the  garret 
thro'  a  dormant  window  ;  from  thence  by  the  means  of  a  ladder 
and  a  jump  of  about  14  foot  into  the  yard,  where  we  were  to 
meet  Joe  arm'd  with  his  Gun  and  sufficient  clubs  to  furnish  us 
with,  and  make  towards  the  sentinels,  who  were  4  in  number, 
who  Ave  intended  passing  by  the  means  of  the  countersign  that 
Joe  had  ;  but  then  on  the  least  suspicion  were  resolved  that  they 
should  not  obstruct  us,  and  push  our  way  to  the  Sally  Port, 
from  whence  we  were  to  leap  about  30  foot  down  into  the  snow, 
standing  then  about  6  foot  high,  and  make  immediately  to  our 
own  men,  who  Avero  not  far  distant.  But  to  our  mortification, 
all  our  intended  hopes  proved  only  false  illusions.  When  think- 
ing ourselves  at  liberty  we  were  the  farther  from  it ;  for  on  the 


"  strong  irons."  To  carry  out  the  enterprise  of  escape,  Joseph  Ashton,  a  sergeant 
in  Capt.  Lamb's  company,  was  chosen  leader,  with  a  full  compliment  of  subordinate 
officers.  Henry  says,  "tliey  were  divided  into  two  detachments,  one  to  attaek  the 
f^uard  house,  the  other  thu  gate,  when  they  were  to  turn  the  cannon  upon  the  town. 
They  intended  to  make  the  sally  by  the  cellar  door,  and  the  offlcers  had  planned 
that  the  ice  should  bo  removed  silently  with  their  long  knives,  on  the  night  of  their 
rising.  One  of  their  number  escaped  to  the  army  without,  and  gave  notice  to  them 
to  act  in  concert.  By  artifices  they  had  procured  a  small  supply  of  powder  from 
the  sentries,  for  matches,  &c."  [See  Appendix  I.J  The  person  who  gave  the 
whole  secret  of  the  plot  was  an  English  deserter,  who  had  joined  the  camp  at  Cam- 
bridge.   His  name  was  John  Hall. 

*"March  17.  The  guard  set  over  us  are  old  Frenchmen  and  boys,  who  ore  very 
.saucy,  tolling  us  we  shall  be  hanged;  pointing  their  bayonets  at  us;  threatening  to 
shoot  us  for  opening  a  window,  or  any  such  trille."— J/eivJH. 


iii.  ■ 


34 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  3    JOURNAL. 


[1776. 


26th  of  April,  all  things  being  ready  for  the  Event,  lopcn'd  the 
door  and  went  up  to  the  Garret  to  make  some  necessary  obser- 
vations.    I  pei'ceived  that  the  door  open'd  With  difficulty,  and 
taking  my  knife  to  cut  some  more  of  the  boards,  to  have  it  open 
with  less  difficulty,  Mr.  Lockwood  standing  in  the  gangway  to 
notify  me  of  any  ^  arsons  coming,  observed  the  officer  of  the 
guard  advancing  towards  us,  who  was  Earlier  inform'd  of  the 
fact,  and  finding  the  door  open'd  and  ye  planka  unspiked,  fol- 
lowed me  into  a  separate  room,  enquiring  my  motive  for  acting 
so,  and  who  were  concerned  with  me ;  to  which  I  replied  that 
there  were  none  but  myself,  and  that  my  sole  motive  was  only 
to  go  up  to  the  garret  to  view  the  town  and  forces  around  it,  as 
being  a  more  convenient  place  than  any  other  I  know  of.     He 
said  that  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  perform  such  a  difficult 
work  without  the  rest,  or  at  least  some  of  them  being  privy  to  it. 
To  which  I  candidly  answered,  that  I  never  work'd  at  it  only 
when  they  were  out  of  the  way;  besides,   the  place  being  so 
exceeding  dark  that  they  could  not  notice  me,  working  Daily 
and  leisurely  at  it  for  two  months.     On  which  confession  he 
lock'd   us  all   up  together  in   one  Room,    and  inform'd  Col. 
McLane,  the  commanding  officer,  of  it,  who  after  a  short  inter- 
val return'd,  accompanied  by  some  officers  and  a  guard  ;    at 
which  my  Brother  officers  and  Prisoners  were  greatly  alarm'd, 
and  earnestly  show'd  &  desir'd  to  undergo  the  same  fate  with 
myself.     But  I  told  them  that  it  was  bettor  for  one  to  suffiir 
than  such  a  number,  &  that  I  was  solely  bent  to  undergo  what- 
ever was  allotted  me,  &  taking  my  leave  of  them  I  was  committed 
to  the  care  of  a  Capt.  of  the  Main  guard  for  some  time,  &  a 
little  after  to  tnc  care  of  a  Captain  of  the  Provost,  who  treated 
me  generously,  from  whence  1  .vas  carried  the  next  morning  at 
9  o'clock  by  the  guard  board  a  schooner,  carrying  9  6-pounders 
&  36  men,  &  closely  kept  in  the  hold,  both  handcuffed  &  ironed, 
lying  on  a  plank  in  the  turnkling  of  a  cable,  being  2|  foot  frozen, 
and  no  more  room  to  walk  in  than  2.]  steps,  &  the  deck  so  low 
that  I  was  obliged  to  keep  myself  always   .toop'd,  &  my  irons 
being  so  small  that  my  wrists  were  striped  &  swc'll'd  ;  so  that 
after  some  Days  suffi.n'ings,  and  on  my  continual  complaining, 
the  smith  at  length  came,  who  was  obliged  to  cut  them  and 


^ 


1776.] 


\ 
CAPTAIN   THAYER's    JOTTUNAL. 


35 


replace  them  with  lartrer  ones.*  On  tlie  30th,  to  my  sui'priae, 
Capts.  Lockwood  &  Ilancliet  were  detected  in  inquiring  of  Joe 
some  particulars  concerning  me  &  where  I  was,  for  they  were 
ignorant  of  my  destiny  ;  &  on  Joe's  discovering  everything  from 
the  very  heginning  until  then,  to  the  officer,  he  Avas  sent  to 
England  on  hoard  of  a  ship,  &  the  Capts.  to  accompany  me, 
where  we  remain'd  in  the  most  lamentable  situation  until  the 
6th  of  May,  in  the  afternoon,  being  the  Day  the  fleet  arrived 
from  England ;  from  whence  we  were  sent  back  to  our  former 
Prison,  where  we  found  our  Brother  officers  in  the  same  Situa- 
tion as  we  left  them. 

May  6. — Last  night  we  heard  some  guns  fired  down  the 
River,  and  in  the  morning  saw  a  frigate  coming  up  to  Point 
Levi,  keeping  a  constant  firing,  on  which  the  Garrison  fir'd  into 
the  river,  to  let  them  know  they  were  in  possession  of  the  place, 
on  which  she  came  up  and  saluted  the  Garrison.  About  10 
o'clock  a  50  Gun  shi})  came  up,  Capt.  Douglass  commander,  & 
saluted ;  likewise  a  14  Gun  sloop  with  some  troops,  who,  with 
those  already  in  the  fort,  sid'ied  out,  and  our  men  retreated  with 
such  precipitation  that  they  left  their  cannon,  stores,  ammunition, 
and  even  the  General's  Coat  and  Dinner,  behind. f  In  the 
Evening,  a  small  sloop  went  down  the  River  with  Pilots  for 
the  fleet  that  is  expected.  A  frigate  and  a  sloop  of  war  went 
up  the  River  to  take  some  Vessels  from  our  Peoi)le.  They  took 
a  sloop  &  a  Rrig  which  our  people  had  scuttled  and  left.  Lieut. 
McDoujial  &  three  men  were  taken  in  a  schooner  with  13  Bar- 
rels  of  Powder. 

May  7. — Brigade  Major  LeMatre  was  sent  by  Genl.  Carleton 
to  let  us  know  that  he  intended  henceforth  to  use  us  with  as 
much  humanity  as  lay  in  his  power,  and  hop'd  we  would  make 
Good  use  of  it.     We  had  again   the  Liberty  to  walk  in  the 


*"Ai)rU  14— Mitjor  McKcnzie  came  in  and  took  Capt.  Morgan's  company  out  of 
irons."— ilMtun. 

t"  This  morning  3  ships  came  in  witli  a  rc-iuforcement  of  about  one  thousand 
men.  All  the  bells  in  the  town  raiiy:  for  joy  most  of  the  day.  Then  all  the  forces 
in  the  town  nuuclied  out  on  Abfiiluiin's  Plixins  to  have  a  buttle  with  our  people,  but 
they  retreated  as  fast  as  possi!)le,  smd  left  a  number  of  ^iick  in  the  hospital.  Like- 
wise some  of  their  cannon  and  ntnmunition,  with  a  number  of  small  arms  and 
packs."— TFare's  Journal. 


86 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S    JOURNAL. 


[1776. 


passage,  of  wliich  we  had  been  debarred  for  some  time.  We 
were,  this  afternoon,  Visited  by  Lord  Ferersham  &  Major 
Carleton.  He  is  genteel,  polite  and  humane.  Caldwell  was 
expressing  himself  in  his  sneering,  customary  Way,  mentioning 
that  he  suffered  much  bv  our  People,  on  which  Maj.  Carleton 
reproved  him  in  these  words :  "  You  should  not  say  anything 
disagreeable  to  them  in  their  unfortunate  situation.  You  must 
consider  us  all  as  Brothers."  He  said  there  were  numbers  of 
Hessians  and  Hanoverians  coming  to  America. 

Muy  8. — The  remainder  of  the  2l)th  Regiment  and  some  of 
the  Artillery  arrived.  We  wore  visited  by  the  officers,  who 
enijiiired  for  the  Troops  tliat  were  taken  at  8t.  John's,  &c. 

May  9. — Were  visited  by  some  officers  of  the  2Uth  regiment, 
especially  a  very  polite  gentleman,  a  Lieut,  of  Grenadiers.  A 
small  schooner  came  up.  They  have  men  out  Daily  to  pick  up 
the  sick  men  our  people  left  behind.  The>  have  taken  a  great 
number  of  papers,  among  which  was  an  Orderly  book.  This 
Day  was  taken  Lieuts.  Kandidl  it  Stephen  McDougal  on  board 
the  schooner  Mary.  By  the  news  he  brings  we  are  in  hopes 
things  are  not  so  bad  as  the  people  of  the  Garrison  reported. 
However,  I  think  it  is  bad  Enough. 

May  10. — Two  transports  came  up  from  Halifax  with  Pro- 
visions and  part  of  the  4"th  Regiment.* 

May  11. — Were  vi-ited  by  Col.  McLane  and  other  ofl'icers, 
and  were  allowetl  to  walk  in  tiie  ga-den.  Major  Carleton  visited 
us,  and  said  that  there  were  6.")000  men  tlesijiued  for  America 
this  summer.  We  desir'd  him  to  obtain  liberty  for  our  servants 
to  cook  for  us,  which  he  promised  to  do. 

3Iay  12. — This  day  he  brought  us  an  answer  that  wo  might 
walk  in  the  garvK-n.     Two  transports  arrived  with  troops. 

May  Vo. — We  are  this  Day  indulged  more  than  connnon,  and 
allowed  tc  ;^:»  up  stairs  as  otU'n  as  we  please.  A  Brig  came  too 
off  Beauport. 


•"3/.(|/  to.  Two  riflemen  wcro  taken  out  of  jaol;  wo  don't  know  on  wliat  terms. 
Piune  clrtv  two  .fcrsoy  (liinipllinr  enters  were  l)^ou^'llt  in;  tluy  were  foniui  arnoiin 
tile  tmslies,  not  Imvinir  tiled  (o  mHke  tlieir  csciipo,  iM-lnn  too  tieavy  liulcn  with 
duMiplliins  nnd  jioik,  liiivinK  I'oriy  poumU  of  pork,  a  knapsack  full  of  dumplingH, 
mill  u  (junntity  of  Hour."— 3/t/i'in. 


\ 


1776.] 


CAPTAIN   THAYER  3   JOURNAL. 


May  14. — About  9  o'clock  a  broad  pendant  was  hoisted 
aboard  the  Isis  man  of  war  of  50  guns.  Was  saluted  by  all  the 
Ships  in  the  Hai'bor,  and  returned  15  Guns.  On  the  main  top- 
mast head  was  hoisted  a  white  pendant,  and  a  pendant  on  her 
ensign  staff.  The  Garrison  saluted  with  15  guns.  In  the  after- 
noon a  frigate  went  down  the  River.  At  night  an  armed 
schooner  went  up  the  River.  Major  Meigs  went  out  with  Doc- 
tor Mahon  to  get  Mr.  Monroe  to  supply  us.  He  has  obtained 
the  General's  promise  of  going  home  on  his  parole.  We  have 
had  fair  weather,  except  now  and  then  a  shower.  The  tide  has 
risen  here  from  19  to  22  feet  with  an  easterly  wind,  &  from  16 
to  19  with  a  westerly.  The  wind  in  the  spring  blows  from 
eastward  to  northward,  with  showers  of  rain.  It  is  very  com- 
mon for  it  to  rain  one  half  hour,  and  suddenly  clear  up.  They 
continue  to  lock  us  up  every  night  as  yet. 

3Iat/  15. — This  Day  we  were  once  more  allowed  to  use  our 
i<ens  and  Ink,  having  had  none  but  a  few  pencils  undiscovereil, 
by  which  means  we  kept  our  journals.  Major  Meigs  was  oall'd 
upon  'by  the  General,  and  promised  to  go  off  in  a  few  Days  to 
Halifax  on  his  Avay  home. 

May  10. — This  day  the  Hunter  Sloop  of  win*  sail'd  for  Eng- 
land with  disj)!itches,  in  which  went  pjiosengcrs  Capt.  Hamble- 
don  &  Major  Caldwell  «t  his  family.  We  had  liberty  to  write 
letters  by  Major  Meigs,  pnA'ided  we  wrote  nothing  concerning 
the  Garrison. 

May  17. — Lieut.  Born  carried  our  letters  to  Col.  Meiiane  to 
be  examined.  A  small  Sloop  came  uj).  Major  Meigs  had 
liberty  to  walk  the  town  until  4  o'clock.  Mr.  Laveris  came 
and  informed  Capt.  Dearborn  that  he  liad  obtained  liberty  for 
him  to  go  home  on  his  parole,  &  that  he  must  get  ready  to  go 
on  board  inuuediately.  In  the  Evening  they  took  their  leave  of 
us,  &  went  Oil  board  the  schooner  Magdalen. 

May  18. — About  ton  o'clock  they  set  sail  for  Halifax. 
"  19. — Saw  a  Sloop  of  War  come  down,  &  the  Commodore 
camo  down  about  noon  and  saluted.  There  were  a  number  of 
ofhcers  walking  in  the  Garden,  one  of  them  not  above  15  years 
of  ago.  The  Drummers  of  the  29lh  liegiment  are  Blacks,  & 
Uie  band  wear  red  feathers  in  their  hats,  and  look  very  neat. 


tin-    H 


38 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S    JOURNAL. 


[1776. 


May  20. — Doctor  Maben  visited  Mr.  Portorfield,  a  sick  vol- 
unteer, and  told  him  he  would  endeavor  to  get  him  a  parole  to 
go  home.  We  were  allowed  two  small  Rooms  for  part  to  lodge 
in,  to  our  great  satisfaction. 

31ai/  21. — General  Carleton  went  up  the  River  with  3  Vessels, 
in  order  if  possible  to  drive  our  Army  out  of  Canada.  The 
ships  and  Garrison  saluted  the  General  at  his  departure.  A 
Canadian  told  us  that  the  8th  Regiment,  which  lay  at  Detroit, 
fort  Halt  nicks  &  Swagocha,  with  about  500  Indians,  were  down 
within  I)  miles  of  Montreal,  to  a  place  called  Lashcen,  where 
they  had  an  engagement, — kilTd  and  wounded  150  of  our  men  ; 
to  which  report  we  can  hardly  give  any  credit. 

Mai/  22. — We  were  told  by  one  Capt.  McDougal  that  the 
Viry-inians  laid  down  their  arms,  and  that  there  are  more  in  the 
Interest  of  Government  than  in  the  Interest  of  Liberty,  which 
does  not  seem  probable.     We  hear  that  Montreal  is  taken. 

May  27. — Some  ships  and  transports  came  up,  and  were 
order'd  innnediutely  for  Montreal. 

May  31. — Last  night  after  12  o'clock  we  heard  the  sentry 
hail  3  times  &  fir'd,  on  which  occasion  we  looked  out  and  saw 
the  guard  searching  for  the  object,  which  wo  believed  was  no 
more  than  conceit,  or  rather  a  trap  laid  by  some  of  our  Enemies, 
that  we  might  be  more  closely  kept. 

June  . — 4  ships  came  up,  the  Intent  of  which  is,  as  I  con- 
ceive, to  offer  terms  of  reconcilliation  with  the  sword  at  the 
breast  of  the  Americans.  This  Army  consists  of  Britains,  Irish, 
Hanoverians,  Hessians,  &c.  Oh!  Britain,  Britain,  how  art 
thou  fallen,  tliat  thou  dosi;  hire  Foreigni^rs  to  cut  thine  offspring's 
throats  I  10  more  ships  came  up.  We  were  visited  by  some 
Hi^ssian  officers.  0  more  shi;  .  came  up  in  the  I^jvening.  The 
ships  are  to  go  up  the  River  w  ith  the  troops  to  give  the  Provin- 
cials battle. 

June  5. — We  hear  thnt  the  Indians  under  the  command  of 
Capt.  Foster,  took  a  number  of  the  Provincials  i>risoners,  and 
niadt'  tlu'in  prouji-i-  never  to  take  up  arms  against  the  King 
again,  and  thai  they  siiould  [scndj  back  as  many  of  the  King's 
troops  as  there  is  of  them  in  the  way  of  exchange.  They  kept 
several  otKcers  as  hostages.     They  told  them,   with  hatchet  at 


\ 


1776.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S    JOURNAL. 


39 


tlioir  heads,  that  tliey  would  suffer  immediate  Death  if  they  [did] 
not  comply  with  their  i)romise.  They  bored  their  Ears,  that 
they  might  know  them  again. 

June  6. — We  learn  that  his  Excellency  proposed  to  our  men 
to  i^wear  alleg:ance  to  the  king,  and  that  he  would  send  thorn 
home.  They  are  almost  naked,  and  very  Lousy  &  full  of  the 
scurvy,  many  of  them  unable  to  Walk,  being  lame  in  their  knees 
lying  so  long  in  an  unwholesome  place  ;  all  salt  provisions,  the 
weather  very  cold  and  but  little  or  no  fire,  &  80  in  a  Room 
about  12  fo  )t  square.  But  were  befoi'o  much  closer  confined, 
being  about  6  months  imprison'd,  without  money  or  friends  to 
assist  them,  But  enemies  continually  threatening,  scoffing  and 
abusing  them,  calling  them  Rebels,  cut-throats,  traitors,  robbers, 
murderei's,  and  deluded  fools.  This  was  Major  Caldwell's  lan- 
guage &  some  others  to  them.  They  have  not  sworn  yet,  and 
what  they  intend  doing  is  uncertain.  By  what  I  can  learn,  they 
must  either  swear  or  die,  if  they  remain  much  longer  in  this 
Dungeon.* 


*"June  5.  This  day  General  Carlton  with  a  numberof  his  officers  came  to  see  uh, 
and  enquired  of  us  whether  we  had  fared  as  well  us  they  promised  us  we  should 
wiien  we  were  taken.  Wo  told  him  wo  fared  very  well.  He  said  ho  did  not  taUc 
us  as  enemies,  &  likewise  said  if  lie  could  rely  upon  our  honors,  ho  would  n'lid  us 
to  Now  Eufjland,  if  we  would  bo  quiet  and  peaceable,  and  not  tulie  up  arms  any 
more. 

"  Jntic  ye  Cth,  A.  D.  1776.     A  copy  of  an  answer  sent  to  ^en'l  Carlton. 

May  it  plba8e  youu  Kxckllkncy  : 

We,  the  prisoners  in  Mis  Mi\icsty's  t;oals,  return  your  Excellency  our  most 
happy  and  un|■ei^fned  thanks  for  your  clemency  and  goodness  to  us  widlstiii  impris- 
onment. Ucinit  sensible  of  your  humanity,  we  ;,'ivo  your  Excellency  thanks  for 
your  offer  made  us  yestei day,  and  having  a  desire  to  return  to  our  friends  and 
families  n|,'ain,  we  promise  not  to  take  up  arms  nsrninst  llis  Majesty,  but  remain 
pea(ea!)le  and  (juiet  in  our  rcsj)ective  places  of  abode,  and  wo  further  assure  your 
Excellency  tliat  you  may  depend  on  our  fidelity. 

So  we  remain  your  Excellency's  humhio  servants, 
Signed  in  behalf  <  f  the  prisoners. 

August  ith.  The  General  sent  for  all  the  prisoners  to  come  in  who  were  out  in 
tlio  country  at  work,  that  were  minded  to  j,'o  home. 

C)th.    This  day  idnety-live  prisoners  embarked  on  board  the  ship. 

7<A.  This  day  tlio  nun  all  in  gool  sphits,  and  eraburlied  on  bo ip»  the  siiips. 
Sixty  of  Iho  prisoners  on   loard  tho  Mermaid. 

lie//.  This  inorninn  tlie  sijtnul  wnn  «iven  for  sailing.  Weichod  anchor  and  wont 
down  about  one  tnilo.  At  nlKht  weighed  anchor  and  went  down  the  river  tidrlcen 
milci.    Tlio  weather  cold  and  stormy. 

8tpf.  tUh.  Wc  were  Informed  by  the  shipmeu,  according  to  reckoning,  thai  wo 
wen  in  tho  latitude  of  I'liilnddphia.  I/ititudo  3'.)''  North."- IF.i/y's  Journal 


40 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S   JOURNAL, 


[1776. 


June  7. — We  addressed  the  General  with  the  following  Peti- 
tion, in  order  that  he  might  grant  us  a  Parole  to  go  home,  But 
rec'd  no  answer  as  yet. 

May  it  please  your  Excellency  : 

'"'  Impressed  with  a  deep  sense  of  your  Excellency's  humanity 
and  benevolence,  &  urged  by  tlie  i)eculiarity  of  our  present  dis- 
r.j;;\-^able  situation,  being  destitute  of  botii  friends  &  money,  we 
beg  leave  that  your  Excellency  will  condescend  to  take  our  case 
into  consideration,  &  grant  us  relief  by  permitting  us  to  return 
to  our  respective  homes  on  our  Parole,  which  we  shall  ever 
deem  sacred,  assuring  your  Excellency  that  we  sli.""ll  make  it  a 
point  to  surrender  ourselves  to  any  of  His  Majesty's  Officers, 
when  and  where  your  Excellency  may  think  proper  to  direct. 
Being  likewise  sensibly  touched  with  the  state  of  our  men  who 
remain  prisoners  at  present,  we  take  the  liberty  to  recommend 
them  to  your  Excellency's  consideration,  earnestly  soliciting 
tiiat  some  measures  may  be  taken  for  their  relief;  &  we  should 
be  extremely  happy  if  they  could  pos.sibly  return  to  their  fiimi- 
lies,  many  of  whom  must  be  reduced  to  the  greatest  distress. 
Your  Excellency's  compliance  will  be  esteem'd  a  eingular  favor, 
&  ever  greatly  acknowledged  by 

Your  Excelleucy's  Most  obedient  &  very 

Humble  servants. 

[This  petition  is  also  contained  in  a  small  memorandum  boctk 
kept  by  Captain  Thayer,  and  is  in  his  hand  writing.  Attached 
to  it  are  the  following  names  :  The  heading  of  the  list  is, 
"  OJfJcerK  fnken  Deennber  J^l,  1775."  The  names  arc  inserted 
hero,  though  without  positive  evidence  that  they  constituted  a 
pai  t  of  the  petition.     E.  m.  s.] 


yamen. 

Christnplicr  (iri'i-nc, 
Timntliy  Hitfolow, 
Koturii  Joiitli'n  Moi(;!<, 
D.'inlt'l  Moiu'iiti, 
Will'in  (iiMidrii'li, 
H«m«('l  Loikwooil, 
F.ltMZir  ((•wiild, 
•Tolin  Topliain, 


Col.  or  Provincea.   Town  or  County. 


Jommisniotu. 


Khole  Island, 

MassmliiisotU, 

Connecticut, 

Virginia, 

Miissiichastrtts, 

Connorticttt, 

do. 
Uhndo  Uland, 


Warwick,  Lieut.  Colonel. 

Worcester,  Mnjor. 

Middlcton,  Miijor. 

Frederick  Co.,  Captain, 
(i't  Harrini;ton,  Captain. 

Grcrnwicli,  Capt, 

New  Ilnvcn,  Capt.  Volunteer. 

Newport,  Capt. 


\ 


1776.J 

N'ames. 

Simeon  TImyre, 

Samuel  Wiird, 

Jonns  Iliilibiinl, 

Henry  Dearborn, 

*Jo!in  Lam?), 

Oliver  Ilanehct, 

Archibald  Steele, 

Matthew  Duncan, 

William  Heath,  |lleth,j    Virfiinia, 

Peter  O'Urieu  Brueii, 

John  M'Giiire, 

Charles  Porte  rfleld, 

Abijah  Savaj;o, 

John  Conipston, 

Samuel  brown, 

Janiea  Tisdnle, 

John  Clark, 

Will'ni  lluniplircy, 

Janu  s  VVebi), 

Ertwaid  8Io(um, 

Sylvnnus  Slmw, 

Ainini  Aiidrews, 

Nith'l  llutcliiiis 

Joseph  Thomjis, 

Fr.iueis  Niehols, 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S    JOURNAL. 


41 


Col.  or  Provinces.  T'oicn  or  County.  Commissions. 

liliode  Island,  Providence,  Capt. 

do.  Westerly,  Capt. 

Missaehusetts,  Worecr-ter,  Capt.,  dy'd  of  his 

Now  Hampshire,  E.  Xottin;';ham,Capt.              [wounds. 

New  York,  City,  Capt. 

Connecticut,  SufHcld,  Capt. 

Pennsylvania,  LancHstcr,  Adjutant  &  Lieut. 

do.  Philadelphia,  Volunteer. 

Frederick  Co.,  Lieutenant. 

do.  do.  lieutenant. 

do.  do.  Volunteer. 

do.  do.  Volunteer. 

Connecticut,  Middlcton,  Lieutenant. 

Was.sachusctt8,  Saweo,  Lieut. 

do.  Acton,  Lieut. 

do.  Medfield,  Lieut. 

do.  Hadley,  Lieut. 

Rhode  Ishind,  Provideueo,  Lieu*. 

do.  Newport,  Lieut. 

do.  Tiverton,           Lieut. 

do.  Newport,            Lieut. 

New  Hampshire,  Hillsboroujih.  Lieut. 

do.  Dunbarton,        Lieut. 

do.  Decrlicld,            Lieut. 

Pennsylvania,  Cumborl'ndCo.  Lieut. 

Randolph  S.  M'DouRal,     New  York,  City,                    Lieut.  May  7,  1776. 
Cliiistiaii  I'licbi  ;;er,           Dciim'rk  kiii;rd'ni  City  Cop'hagen  Ailjutant. 

Denjamin  Cliailin,              Connecticut,  Wethersfield,  Quartermaster. 

The  answer  to  the  uhove  petition  wa.--,  that  he  could  not  grant 
it  with  propriety.  We  hear  tliat  the  Provincials  have  taken  the 
8th  He<:i.nent,  and  that  tliere  are  jxreat  divisions  in  Gre.at 
Britain  concerning!;  American  affairs.  We  wrote  a  second  j)(>ti- 
tion  to  the  General,  but  what  will  bo  the  effect  of  it  we  cannot 
tell.  We  saw  some  of  our  men  who  had  taken  the  oath  ;  they 
looked  very  pale.  We  hear  that  a  consideral^le  number  of  them 
lost  the  use  of  their  limbs.  We  have  received  an  answer  to  our 
last  Petition,  vi/  :  that  we  may  go  home  on  our  parole. 

June  W — We  are  informed  that  Gen'l  Washington  lias  taken 
Dunker's  Hill,  with  ir)00  prisoners. 

June  14. — Nothii'g  remarkable  until  the  14th,  wiien  we  heard 
tliat  the  Provincials  have  kili"d  .50  of  tiie  Hessians,  it  stnik  three 
of  their  ship.s  that  attempted  to  pa^s  our  works  at  Sorell,  tt  that 
Philadelphia  is  besciged  by  the  King's  troops. 

June  10. — Wo  hear  of  two  skirmishes,  in  which  a  considerable 
(i 


ill      Y 


42 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  3    JOURNAL. 


[1776. 


r-iP> 


number  of  men  has  been  slain  at  or  near  Sorell.  Gen'l  Thomp- 
son and  liis  aid-de-camp  were  taken. 

June  lU. — A  shower  of  Hail,  the  Stones  of  which  were  as 
lar";e  as  walnuts.     A  wonran  was  kill'd  by  the  Liohtninc;. 

June  23. — The  Provincials  have  Burnt  Fort  Chambelee,  and 
retreated  to  St.  John's.  It  is  rei)orted  they  are  from  800  to 
7000  in  number. 

June  24:. — The  Hon.  Lieut.  Governor  made  us  a  present  of  a 
oall.  rum.  Two  vessels  came  down  the  river  with  the  |)risoners 
taken  at  St.  John's,  Chambelee,  »Src. 

June  20. — We  hear  that  the  12  United  Provinces  declared 
themselves  independant,  &  have  sent  to  France  for  assistance  ; 
also  that  they  received  a  great  Quantity  of  ammunition  &  0000 
stand  of  arms  from  them. 

Jime'll. — Two  vessels  came  up  &  saluted,  which  was  returned 
by  the  Commodore;  we  are  jjrohibited  from  goiny;  to  tlie  walls 
of  the  garden,  for  what  reasons  I  don't  knuw. 

July  4. — Nothing  remarkable  until  the  4th,  wlien  we  hear 
that  Gen'l  Carleton  has  sent  for  all  the  troops  that  can  be  spared 
to  pass  Lake  Champlain.  4  Provincial  Officers  infonned  us  of 
their  being  taken  by  the  Lidians,  viz:  that  they  and  4  more 
officers  &  8  soldiers  went  iishing,  and  that  they  crossed  the 
river,  to  go  to  a  house  to  get  .some  Beor  ;  xnifortunately  were 
not  armed,  thinking  themselves  secure  from  Danger  ;  they  soon 
heard  the  boyhalloo,  and  running  out  to  see  the  occasion,  they 
were  (ir'd  on  by  18  Indians  ;  they  tried  to  get  off  the  Boat,  but 
before  they  got  it  off  they  kill'd  one  officer  and  wounded  another  ; 
they  then  ran  down  tipon  them,  when  two  found  means  to 
escape.  They  took  five  officers  alive,  one  of  which  they  toma- 
hawk'd,  and  scalp'd.  I'he  2  ofUcers  took  oil'  with  those  that 
they  did  not  kill.  Thi-y  tied  them  round  the  necks  with  their 
Belts,  and  made  them  rim  btfore  them  about  a  mile.  Tluy 
stopped  and  halloed  for  their  comrades,  &  paraded  them  to  show 
the  great  feats  they  had  done  ;  they  .sat  out  again,  &  night  com- 
ing on,  they  maile  them  lie  on  their  backs,  and  tied  them  down, 
»t  lying  on  the  ends  of  their  Belts  they  went  to  Sleep.  In  the 
morning  they  set  out  again.  One  of  the  Indians  Snap|)'d  his 
Guu  at  Wm.  McFarlin,  &>  then  drew  hi.H  own  nvvord  upon  him  ; 


\ 


1776.] 


CAPTAIN    THAYEK's    JOUKNAL. 


43 


they  tlien  strii)p'd  them  to  their  Breeches,  and  carried  them  to 
Montreal.* 

Jul//  6. — Last  night  we  were  lock'd  up  in  our  Rooms,  for 
what  reason  I  don't  know.  This  morning  6  vessels  arrived,  I 
believe  loaded  with  provisions. 

Juli/  7. — Several  officers  of  the  Garrison  came  and  looked 
round  in  our  apartments,  hut  .,aid  nothing  to  us.  We  were 
ignorant  of  the  reason  until  some  Sea  Captains  came  into  the 
Garden  and  told  us  there  was  a  report  in  town  that  we  intended 
to  set  the  Seminary  on  fire,  but  they  are  false  reports,  &  I  don't 
imagine  there  is  not  one  amongst  us  that  would  perform  such 
an  action. 

July's. —  Different  reports.  Some  say  that  the  Provincials 
took  about  oOUO  Britisli  Prisoners.  Others  say  that  the  British 
have  taken  New  York,  &  that  the  Pennsvlvania  &  Virtrinia 
[troops]  laid  down  tln-ir  arms.  But  the  reports  are  so  nnniorous 
and  various  that  we  can  hardh^  credit  the  least ;  next  Evening 
a  Sloop  of  war  sail'd  d  )wn  the  river. 

July  12. — We  hoar  that  Major  Meigs  and  Capt.  Dearborn 
are  exchanged  by  Admiral  Howe. 

July  17. — Nothing  remarkable  until  the  17th,  when  we  hear 
of  a  Skirmish  take  iilace  at  Point-au-fairc.  the  Provincials  seeino- 
them  in  their  boats,  whicli  they  stove  to  Pieces,  Killed,  wounded 
and  took  400  ;  at  4  o'clock  a  Brig  sail'd  up  the  River. 

July  18. — Locked  up  close  in  our  rooms  all  night ;  the  reason 
we  are  ij^norant  of. 

July  19. — The  Lizard  Ship  sail'd  for  New  York.  We  under- 
stand that  as  soon  as  the  General  comes  from  Montreal  we  arc 
to  be  sent  home  He  is  daily  exj)ected.  Moderate  weather 
until  the  22d,  when  accompanied  with  a  Thunder  Stormf. 

July  22. — The  Bland  32  Gun  Ship  sail'd  this  morning  for 
London.     A  brig  &  slooj)  sailed  shortly  after.     Geid.   Carleton 


*"  Juhj  5.  Tlic  prisoners  brought  in  last  nisht  inform  us  tliBt  the  Indians  scalped 
man}' of  our  soldiers,  sonic  of  tlicm  nil  vc;  but  that  General  Carleton,  to  his  jireat 
honor,  has  refused  to  pay  those  murdering'  fl<  nds  for  any  more  scaljis,  but  will 
pay  thorn  the  same  reward  for  every  i)risoner."— 3/(/cm. 

'  V'July  lU.    The  weather  is  i-o  cold  that  tie  Caradians  do  not  expect  a  gooderop 
of  com.    Il  is  HO  cold  as  to  wear  u  Krcut  coax."— Melvin. 


M 


44 


CAPTAIN  THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


[1776. 


arrived  in  town  this  afternoon,  &  was  sainted  with  a  volley  of 
15  Guns  irom  the  Garrison,  to  our  great  satisfaction,  because 
our  fate  will  be  shortly  determined.  Nothing  worth  notice 
until  the  2tJth  but  some  vessels  going  up  and  down  the  River. 

Jitli/  26. — Capt.  Foy  informed  us  of  the  General's  counte- 
nancing our  going  home,  &  was  sorry  we  were  detained  so  lung. 

July  28. — We  hear  that  Gen.  Thompson  is  to  go  home  with  us. 

"     29. — Genl.  Carleton  hearing  our  extreme  want  of  money, 

was  generous  Eno'  to  send  us  <£iOO,  which  we  arc  determined 

to  repay  to  some  British  officei's,   Prisoners  in   America,  as   a 

necessary  token  of  gratitude.* 

July  30. — Genl.  Thompson  came  to  see  u:,  and  told  us  Gen. 
Carleton  desired  him  to  call  on  us  &  let  us  know  the  terms 
we  were  to  go  home  on. 

Alt;/.  1. — Genl.  Tliompson  &  several  other  Gentlemen  came 
and  bi'ought  a  copy  of  the  Parole,  which  we  did  not  like  ;  on 
which  he  said  it  might  perhaps  be  alter'd,  if  not  we  must  neces- 
sarily remain  here  longer. 

Ai((/.  2. — Genl.  Carleton  sent  us  word  that  he  would  leave 
out  the  words  we  objected  to,  which  were,  "tliat  we  should 
never  take  up  arms  against  His  Majesty."  This  we  did  not 
think  proper  to  sign  to. 

Auy.  o. — The  town  Major  &  Mr.  Murray  brought  our  Parole, 
which  we  signed. 

Av(/.  4. — We  hear  that  Genl.  Washington  refuses  to  exchange 
the  men  taken  at  the  Cedars,  &  Genl.  Carleton  keeps  16  men 
who  came  over  the  Lake  as  a  Flag. 


*Iri  !iis  tii'iitmrnt  of  ibe  American  [irisoTiers,  Gciicrnl  Cnrlcton  wns  huniane. 
Tlie  iiicidont  lieru  nieiitioiicd  by  Captiiiii  Tlin.vcr  is  lionorublc  to  liis  cliai-nctL'r  ns  a 
fjenetoiis  cumiy.  Wlicn  criticised  by  his  olllctrs  for  his  leniency  towards  liis  pris- 
oners, he  rejilied,— "  Since  we  Imvc  tried  in  vain  to  iniike  them  uclinowledKO  ns  as 
brothers,  let  us  send  tlicm  awiiy  disposed  to  rc^rard  us  as  first  cousins."  Having 
))ecn  intbrnied  that  many  persons,  suflerinj;  from  wonnds  and  various  disorders, 
were  concealed  in  the  woods  and  obscure  places,  fearing  that  if  tlicy  appeared 
oiienly  tliey  would  be  seized  as  prisoners  and  severely  trcateil,  he  issued  a  procla- 
inatioi),  commanding  the  militia  ofticcrs  to  search  for  sudi  persons,  briiifi  them  to 
the  {;cneral  hospital,  and  procure  I'or  them  all  necessary  relief,  at  the  public  charge, 
lie  also  invited  all  such  persons  to  come  forward  voluntaiily,  and  receive  the  assist- 
Mice  they  needed,  as-suriiin  tlicni  "that  ns  soon  as  their  health  should  be  restored, 
they  should  have  free  liberty  to  return  to  their  rcs|iective  piovinces. "  i'ew  names 
that  stand  out  in  the  Mstory  of  theoeiits  in  which  he  wns  concerned  arc  remcm- 
beied  with  more  respect,  tvtn  iu  the  country  of  hU  foes.— /5<par*6. 


\^ 


1776. J 


CAPTAIN    THAYER  S   JOURNAL. 


45 


Aug.  5. — Had  orders  to  be  ready  at  a  minute's  'vrarning  for 
embarkinfj. 

Aiiff.  6. — Our  men  were  obb'g'd  to  sign  a  Paper,  tbe  contents 
I  know  not.  We  are  informed  tliat  we  are  to  embark  to-morrow 
at  9  o'clock. 

Aug.  7. — About  9  o'clock  this  morning  I,  with  some  more 
officers  and  77  of  our  men,  embark'd  on  board  a  Sbip  of  near 
400  Tons,  Josepb  Lawton,  master,  accompanied  by  tliree  otber 
Sbips. 

Aiig.  8. — Ca])t.  Foy  wisli'd  us  well,  and  said  when  we  met 
again  we  should  be  friends,  this  gentleman  &  Mr.  Mnrry  having 
come  on  board  to  see  how  we  were  accommodated. 

Aug.  9. — Waiting  for  the  remainder  of  the  Prisoners  to  come 
down  the  River ;  dividing  out  stores  to  the  men. 

Aug.  10. — About  Eleven  o'clock  a  Brig  hove  in  sight,  &  the 
Prisoners  were  put  on  board  of  us. 

Aug.  11. — About  11  o'clock  weighed  anchor,  &  went  below 
the  town.  The  [wind]  blowing  hard  at  East,  we  came  again 
to  anchor. 

Aug.  12. — Weigh'd  anchor  and  proceeded  on  our  passage  ; 
spoke  with  the  Jno.  Rogers.  Saw  a  brig  wreck'd  on  the  east 
end  of  St.  Johns.  Arrived  Sept.  tlie  12  at  Sandy  hook,  after  a 
tedious  voyage,  &  had  the  mortification  to  see  N.  York  in  flames, 
when  our  people  Evacuated  it.  Landed  the  20th  Sept.  in 
Elizabethtown,  with  9  Rank  and  file,  &  1  Lieutenant,  (named 
Humphrey,)  being  the  remainder  of  the  number  we  had  when 
I  left  Cambridge,  being  87,  officers  included  ;  [the  residue] 
perish'd  by  different  casualties,  as  dying  by  different  diseases, 
such  as  in  prison,  some  thro'  hunger  &  fatigue,  others  running 
away,  others  listing  with  the  British,  others  dying  with  the  small 
pox,  &c  ;  [started  from  Elizabethtown,]  from  whence  each  man 
steer'd  home  to  his  native  place  ;  accordingly  [did  so]  myself, 
where  I  remained  until  1st  of  July,  when  1  was  exchanged, 
&  took  up  arms  again  in  defence  of  my  country. 


K    if 


V^r„  _'^Ar 


vAp_^    fiAo 


^5g,'^^,^^^4^M-  ^M^M'^^'V^-'i^ 


APPEXDIX. 


Note  A.,  Page  2. 

Under  the  head  "  March  to  Newbiiryport,"  tlie  entries  upon  tlie 
Journal  against  the  dates  Sf'pt.  13  and  14,  are  obviously  erroneous. 
Tlie  night  of  the  I3th  was  probably  spent  in  Maiden,  on  thf'  line  of 
inarch  to  Beverly,  and  the  night  of  the  1  1th  in  Beverly,  about  niidwa}- 
between  Maiden  and  Newburyport.  Josepii  Ware,  a  meniber  of  Cap- 
tain Samuel  Ward's  company,  whose  journal  is  frequently  oited  ip  ttiese 
pages,  says  he  encamped  on  the  evening  of  ilie  14th  in  Beverlj'. 
Captain  Thayer  may  not  have  commenced  his  journal  until  lie  reached 
Newburyport,  and  tliere  made  these  entries  under  a  liips'  of  memorv. 
On  arriving  at  Newburyjiorf,  the  riflemen,  under  Cafitain  IMorgan, 
encamped  in  the  field,  near  Rolfe's  lane.  The  other  troops  occu[)ied 
two  of  the  rope-walks  in  town. 

Note  B.,  Page  2. 

"  Sept.  19. — Embarked  our  whole  detachment,  consisting  of  10  com- 
panies of  musketmen  and  3  companies  of  riflemen,  amounting  to  1,100 
men,  on  board  10  transports.  I  embarked  myself  on  board  the  sloop 
Britannia.  The  fleet  came  to  sail  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M,,  and  sailed  out 
of  the  harbour  and  lay  to  till  one  o'clock,  P.  M.,  when  we  received 
orders  to  sail  for  the  river  Keunebeek,  titty  leagues  from  Newburyport 
— received  with  our  sailing  orders  the  following  for  sigiuils,  viz. 

1st  signal.  For  speaking  with  the  whole  fleet.  Ensign  at  maintop- 
masthead. 

2d  signal.     For  chasing  a  sail.     Ensign  at  fore  top-masthead. 
'  3d  signal.     For  heaving  to.     Lanthorn  at  maintop-maBthead,  and 
two  guns  if  head  on  shore,  and  three  if  ofF  shore. 


48 


APPENDIX. 


\ 


4th  9i<Tnal.     For  making  sail  in  the  niglit.     Lanthorn  at  masthead, 
and  four  guns ;    in  tlie  day  jack  at  foretop-masthead. 

5th  signal.     For  dispersing  and  every  vesf^el   making  the  nearest 
harbor.     Ensign  at  main  peak. 

6th  signal.  For  boarding  any  vessel.  Jack  at  maintop-masthead, 
and  the  wliole  fleet  drawn  up  in  a  I'ne,  as  near  as  possible. 

The  wind  being  fair  and  very  fresh,  I  was  very  sea-sick. 

20/A,  In  the  morninfi,  we  made  the  mouth  of  Kennebeck,  right 
ahead,  which  we  soon  entered.  The  mouth  of  tlie  river  is  narrow. 
We  were  hailed  from  the  shore  by  a  number  of  men  underarms,  which 
were  stationed  tiiere.  They  were  answered,  that  we  were  Continental 
troops,  and  that  we  wanted  a  pilot.  They  immediately  sent  one  on 
board.  The  wind  and  tide  favoring  us,  we  proceeded  up  the  river ;  5 
mile?  from  the  mouth  lies  an  island  called  Rousack.  Upon  this  island 
i-;  A  handsome  meeting-house,  and  very  good  dwelling  houses.  The  river 
to  this  island  of  very  unequal  width,  from  one  mile  to  a  quarter  ot  a 
mile  wide,  the  water  deep,  great  tides,  the  shore  generally  rocky  ;  ten 
miles  from  the  mouth  some  elegant  buildings,  at  a  place  called  George- 
town ;*  twenty  miles  from  the  mouth  is  a  very  large  bay  called  Merry- 
meeting  Bay ;  '25  miles  from  the  mouth  an  island,  called  Swan  Island. 
Little  above  this  island  we  came  to  anchor,  opposite  to  Pownalborough, 
where  is  a  block-house.  I  would  mention  here,  that  this  day  makes 
fourteen  only  since  the  orders  were  lirst  given  for  building  200  battoes, 
collecting  provisions  for  and  levying  1,100  men,  and  marching  them  to 
this  place,  viz.,  Gardner's  Town  ;  weather  fine. — Meigs"  Jour.,  pp.  8-11. 

Note  C,  Page  3. 

James  McCormick,  (not  Jno.,  as  written  by  Captain  Thayer,)  was 
tried  bj  i  court-martial  at  Fort  Western,  found  guilty,  and  sentenced  to 
death.  The  sentence  was  approved  by  Colonel  Arnold,  but  the  prisoner 
was  respited  anc^  sent  on  board  the  transport  Broad  Bay,  Cai)t.  Ciarkson, 
to  Capt.  Moses  No.velj,  of  Newburyport,  who  was  ordered  to  convey 
him  undi  r  a  proper  guard  to  General  Washington  at  head-quarters  in 
Cambridge,  for  his  final  decision  upon  the  case.  McCormick  denied 
the  crime  until  he  was  brought  to  the  place  of  execution,  when  he  con- 
fessed it.      lie   was  a  resident  of  North  Yarmouth,  INIass.,  and  was 


*"  At  this  place,  in  Georgetown,  opposito  Phipsburfr,  it  is  believed  the  late  Gov. 
Sullivan  of  Massachusetts,  then  lived,  for  it  was  here  that  he  eommoiiced  the  prac- 
tieo  of  the  law.  When  once  asked  by  Gen.  Knux  why  he  selected  such  an  ohscuro 
spot,  he  replied,  that  he  knew  that  he  must  break  into  the  world,  and  ho  thought  it 
pradent  to  make  the  attempt  in  a  weak  place."— Allen, 


APPENDIX. 


49 


drafted  from  Capt.  Hill's  pompanv,  Col.  Soamman's  Regiment.  He 
was  an  ij^iiorant  and  simple  person,  and  bore  in  the  company  to  which  he 
belonged  tiic  chaiaeter  of  a  peaceful  man.  In  his  letter  to  Washington, 
Arnold  adds  to  the  foregoing  statement,  "  I  wish  he  may  be  found  a 
proper  object  of  mercy." 

Fort  Western  stands  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  Kennebec,  and  con- 
sists of  2  l)lock-hou>es,  and  a  larg<!  house,  lUO  feet  long,  which  were 
enclosed  only  with  pickets.  This  house  is  the  property  of  [.James] 
Howard,  Esq.,  where  we  were  exceedingly  well  entertained.  Cafttain 
Morgan  wiih  3  companies  of  riflemen  embarked  in  battoes,  with  orders 
to  proceed  with  all  expedition  to  the  great  carrying-place,  and  clear  the 
road  while  the  other  divisions  came  up. — Meiqs^  Jonrnal,  pp.  10,  11. 
One  of  the  block  houses,  a  venerable  memorial  of  Indian  wars,  is  now 
[1831]  standing,  near  the  covered  bridge  which  stretches  across  the 
river.  Judge  Howard,  at  whose  house  the  officers  were  entertained, 
died  in  May,  1787,  ag(!d  8G  years.  He  was  the  first  commandant  at 
this  fort.  Joiin  Gilley,  an  irishman,  a  soldier  at  the  fort  under  .Judge 
Howard,  died  at  Augusta,  Me.,  July  9th,  1813,  aged  about  124  years. 
— Maine  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.  vol.  i,  p.  390. 

Note  D.,  Page  4. 

Sept.  29///.  At  11  o'clock,  A.  M.  arrived  at  Fort  Halifax,  which 
stands  on  a  point  of  land  between  the  river  Kennebec  and  the  river 
Seb.istecook.  Tiiis  fort  consists  of  two  large  block-houses,  and  a  large 
barrack,  which  is  enclosed  with  a  jjicket  fort.  I  tarried  half  an  hour 
a*-  the  fort,  then  crossed  the  river  to  a  cai'ying  place,  which  u  97  rods 
carriage — tlien  proceeded  up  the  river,  which  falls  very  rapidly  over  a 
rocky  bottom  5  miles,  and  encamped.  The  above  falls  are  Toronock. — 
Meigs.  Fort  Halifax  was  built  by  Mr.  Shirley  in  1754,  to  awe  the 
Indians,  and  cover  the  frontiers  of  New  England. — Montresor's  Journal. 

Note  E.,  Page  5. 

October  'id.  Proceeded  up  the  river  to  Norridgewalk.  On  my 
way  I  called  at  a  house,  where  I  saw  a  child  14  months  old.  Tiiis  is 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Norridgewalk.*  At  7  o'clock  in  the  eve- 
ni.ig,  a  little  below  Norridgewalk,  my  battoe  filled  with  water,  going 
up  the  falls.  Here  I  lost  my  kettle,  butter  and  sugar,  a  los?  not  to  be 
replaced  here.     At  Norridgewalk  are  to  be  seen  the  vestiges  of  an 


*The  name  of  this  child  was  Abel  Farrin}?ton.    He  was  the  son  of  Capt.  Thomas 
Farrington,  formerly  of  Groton,  Mass. 
7 


991 


50 


APPENDIX. 


Indian  fort  and  chapel,  and  a  priest's  grave.*  There  appears  to  have 
been  some  intreiichment,  and  a  covered  way  through  the  bank  of  the 
river  for  the  convenience  of  gettinj^  water.  This  must  have  been  a 
considerable  seat  of  the  natives,  as  there  are  large  Indian  fields  cleared. 
Meig's  Journal. 

Ocloher  Ath.  Went  up  to  Bumazees  Ripples,  and  came  toNorridge- 
walk.  Tlie  carriage-plftce  is  about  a  mile  in  length.  We  had  oxen  to 
haul  ov?r  our  provision.  Our  batteaux  were  calked.  We  were  now 
to  take  leave  of  houses  and  settlements,  of  which  we  saw  no  more, 
ex^ppt  one  Indian  wigwam,  'till  we  came  among  the  French,  in  Canada. 
— Melvins  Journal. 

Note  F.,  Page  IC — note. 

'•  III  August  1824,  an  Indian  woman  from  Penobscot  presenl'jd 
herself  at  •'•y  house,  with  baskets  lo  sell,  and  soliciting  charity.  She 
exhibited  a  certificate  signed  by  Major  General  Ulmer,  stating  thai.'he 
was  the  daughter  of  Sa  Bates,  a  Penobscot  Indian,  who  piloted  Arnold's 
army  to  Quebec  in  1775.  I  asked  her  to  pronounce  the  name  of  her 
father,  and  she  gave  the  sound — Sah-Iiak-tis." — Allen. 

NoTK  G.,  Page  24. 

Major  Timothy  Btgelow  was  the  son  of  Daniel  Bigelow,  and 
lived  in  Worcester,  Mass.  On  hearing  of  tiie  battle  of  Lexington,  he 
ratTiclied  at  the  head  of  minute  men.  In  all  tiie  fatigues,  perils  and  pri- 
vations of  Arnold's  expedition,  he  participated.  At  Quebec  he  was 
taken  prisoner.  After  his  release,  he.  at  the  head  of  the  fifteenth 
Mass.  regiment,  was  at  Imrs'toga.  Rhode  I-iand,  Valley  Forge,  and  West 
Point.  lie  was  an  original  grantor  of  Montpvdier,  and  a  lilieral  bene- 
factor of  Leicester  Academy.  With  an  aident  temperament,  his  man- 
ners were  dignified  and  graceful.  lie  died  in  Worcester,  March  iil, 
1790,  r.ged  a)  years.  Major  IJig'-low  was  father  o!  Timothy  Bigilow, 
who  removed  to  Medford  in  1H07,  and  was  di.-tinguisiied  as  a  karned, 
elr)quent  and  popular  lawyer,  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  as  a 
leading  member  of  the  Legislature.eleven  of  whioh  he  served  ii<  .Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Rcpresentutives. 


''TliiM  WU8  the  );ravc  of  Kutlicr  Sc>l)iiHiiiin  Knllu,  wlioiii  Ciipt  Tliuvcr,  liy  iniHtiiku, 
fnlU  rruncisco.  Hi;  wn»  a  It'.inicd  iuiik,  an  ciroctivi'  prcmlicr,  iiml  I'xcrclsud  n 
ifiiiaikiitilc  iniliu'iu'o  o' . .  tin-  bidiiins,  uiiioiic  whoui  lie  ilwi-lt  at  Nori  idgtwHlk,  us 
a  .U'"uiJ  MisHioi.nn  ,  toca  icri.id ')rtwiMity-iix  yoarx.  lie  was  killid  in  tlio  sur- 
prlsHl  (iflluit  i>liu'f  (>n  tin:  '2'M  Au;riiHt,  H-'t.  A  dictionary  coininlcd  l)y  liiiii  of  the 
Atinuld's  laiiKuay;*',  is  prcsorveil  among  the  lii"»-iiry  troanurus  of  tl»o  llbrHry  of  Har- 
▼ard  College. 


1) 


Nil 


APPENDIX. 


51 


Major  Joim  Brown  was  born  in  Sandisfiold.  Mass.,  October  I'J, 
1744.  fie  was  educated  at  Yale  (^>llege,  and  alter  graduatinj;  studied 
law  witli  Oliver  Arnold,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  lie  established  himself 
in  practice  at  Cagiinawaga,  now  Johnston,  N.  Y.,  but  at  the  opening  of 
the  revolution  took  sides  with  the  peojile  against  the  Mother  Country. 
In  177o  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Provincial  Congress.  He  was  with 
Arnold  at  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga,  and  afterward  joined  the  assault- 
ing forces  at  Quebec.  In  1770  he  was  coriimi-tsioned  I^ieut.  Cidonel 
by  Congress,  and  continued  in  active  service  until  the  surrender  of 
Bingoyne.  In  1780  he  marched  up  the  Mohawk  for  the  relief  of 
Gen.  Schuyler,  but  was  led  by  a  traitor  into  an  ambuscade  at  Stone 
Arabia,  in  Palatine,  and  was  slain  on  his  birth-day,  October  I'J,  1780, 
aged  30  years.  He  was  a  man  of  tine  ]<i;rsonal  presence,  and  energetic 
in  all  his  undertakings. 

Captain  Ilt^Ni^v  DKAKnORN  was  born  in  Hampton,  N.  II..  March 
1,  17oI.  lie  studied  nn.  licine  with  l)\:  Hall  .lack-on,  of  Pditsnuuith, 
N.  H.,  and  settled  in  practice  at  Nottingham  s(pjare.  Wlu  an  ex- 
press announced  the  battle  of  Lexington,  h<'  marched  the  une  day 
with  sixty  volunteers  for  Cambridge.  On  his  return  he  was  commis- 
sioned a  Captain  in  Stark's  ri^iment.  He  ral  'd  a  compnny,  and 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Breed's  [or  Bunker's]  Hill.  He  joined 
Arnold  in  his  wilderness  march  to  Quebec,  and  was  seized  with  "ever 
on  the  way.  He  lay  in  n  cottage  on  the  banks  of  the  Chaudicre,  wil!>- 
out  physician,  and  for  ten  days  his  life  was  despaired  of.  A  good 
Calhiilie  woman  <'ven  spiinkled  him  with  holy  water.  But  he  grad- 
ually recoverid,  ami  lin^ten'iig  forward  reached  Wolfe's  Cove  in 
season  to  rejoin  his  company,  and  participate  iti  the  assault  on  Quebec, 
where  ht,  was  taken  prisoner.  In  May.  1770,  he  was  pa.oled,  and  in 
March,  1777,  was  exchanged.  He  was  commissioned  IMajor,  in  Scam- 
mel's  regiment,  and  foiiglii  at  Ticonderogu  and  Monmouth  ;  was  witii 
Sullivan  in  his  expedition  again-l  the  Indians  in  177I*:  in  1780  was 
with  the  army  vi  New  ,Iers<'y  ;  in  1781  wai*  at  Yorktown,  at  the  Hur- 
render  of  Cornwallis,  On  the  rleath  of  Sciimm«d  he  succeeded  to  the 
tommaml  of  the  regiment.  In  1782  he  was  stationed  in  gnrriscm  at 
Saratoga.  After  the  piiice  he  settled  in  Maine,  of  which  District  he 
was  appointed  Marshal,  lie  wa-  twice  elected  a  member  of  Congress, 
and  was  eight  years  Secretary  of  War  under  .Jefferson.  In  the  war  of 
1812  he  was  commissioned  as  senior  Msjor  General  in  the  army  of 
(h'e  United  Stales.  In  181.')  he  retired  to  private  life,  and  in  1822 
was  appointed  Minister  plenipotentiary  to  i'orluKal.     He  died  at  the 


52 


APPENDIX. 


res'ulonce  of  liis  pon,  General   II'Miry   A.  S.  Dearborn,  in  Eoxbury, 
Mass..  June  6,  1829,  aged  78  years. 

Colonel  CliRisToriiKR  Grkknk  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Jolin 
Greene,  who  einifirated  from  Wiltshire,  P>n<rlaiid,  to  Plymouth  Colony, 
from  whence  he  removed  to  Providence  in  1G37.  He  soon  afterwards 
went  to  that  section  of  Warwick,  H.  I.,  which  lie  had  ])nrchas(  d  of  the 
aboriginal  owners.  lie  v  iss  one  of  the  twenty-four  individuals  to  whom 
Cliarles  th"  Second  "ranted  the  old  Charter  of  Hhode  Island.  His 
posterity  often  fdkd  the  most  responsible  stations  under  the  Colonial 
Government.  One  of  them,  William  Greene,  held  the  reins  of  the 
State  during  the  iloom  and  horror  of  the  Amerifiiii  Revolution ; 
ariother,  upon  tlie  .Judicial  liench,  was  the  inflexible  minister  of  ju.-tice  ; 
while  two  others  un;heathed  their  t-words  iii  the  service  of  their  country. 

Christopher,  the  subject  of  this  notice,  was  the  sun  of  Hon.  Philip 
Greene,  a  Jmljre  of  the  Su[ierior  Court  of  the  State,  and  dlstiugui.-lied 
alike  for  his  virtue-  as  a  private  citi/en  and  as  a  public  ofllct'r.  Chris- 
topher was  born  i:;  17i57,  in  that  part  of  Warwick  called  Occupassa- 
tiouxet,  the  patrimonial  estate  of  tilt'  Judge,  his  father.  His  life  pre- 
viously to  entering  the  army,  was  principally  occupied  in  agriculture, 
and  in  the  care  of  a  grist  and  saw  mill,  locatt-d  on  a  branch  of  the 
P.iwiiixct  river,  at  what  is  now  called  Cciitreville.  Hisnatund  cuilow- 
nients  were  of  a  superior  order.  His  mental  powers,  improved  and 
deveIo[»ed  by  educatitm  anil  retined  .-^ocial  inlirconrse,  toiM'ther  with 
an  elevated  moral  character,  were  cidculated  to  command  the  confi- 
dence of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  at  an  early  age  he  was  elected  by  them 
to  rejircsent  his  town  in  the  State  Leg'slatnre,  an  ollice  which  he  hon- 
orably tilled  for  several  years.  At  this  time,  the  Mother  country  began 
to  seize,  one  after  anoilicr,  the  inherent  rights  of  the  Colonies.  When 
the  question  of  resistance  came  to  be  discnssi-d,  young  Greene  boldly 
took  grou'id  against  the  King,  atjd  his  c{iims(ds  in  the  Legislature  tended 
to  encourage  measures  for  military  defence. 

A  military  company  was  established  at  Kiist  Greenwich,  in  1771.  with 
the  title  of  "  Kentish  (iuards,"  and  Greene  was  chosen  Lieutenant. 
In  the  month  of  May,  1775,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  ii 
Mnjoi"  in  the  nrmy  created  for  the  defence  of  the  Stale,  imder  tlie  com- 
mand of  his  near  relative  ami  intimate  friend.  Genera!  Nathaniel 
Greene.  But,  with  characteristic  self  denying  j)atriotism,  he  preferred 
to  accept  the  oll'ice  of  Captain  in  the  regiment  organized  liy  the  Gene- 
ral Assenddy  for  the  Continental  service,  whi(  h  opened  lu  iiini  a  field 
fur  more  active  usefulness.     He  marched  to  Cambridge,  and  whs  tiiero 


APPENDIX. 


53 


iih 

nut. 
<'  II 
im- 
iiicl 

nc- 
i.l.l 

11  re 


placed  a3  Lieutpnant  Colonel  in  command  of  the  first  battalion  of 
Arnold's  army,  formed  for  a  secret  expedition  against  Quebec.  Tlie 
duties  of  this  new  and  responsible  position  were  discharged  with  the 
utmost  faithfulness.  Throujih  the  entire  wilderness  march,  his  constant 
presence  and  cheerful  voice  inspired  itie  courage  and  hope  of  his  men. 
In  the  attack  upon  Quebec,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Greene  took  a  conspic- 
uous part.  At  the  liead  of  an  assaulting  column  of  inffuitry,  he  wns  in 
the  midst  of  the  hottest  coiitlict.  Hui  the  early  death  of  General  Mont- 
gomery changed  tlie  fortunes  of  a  day  auspiciously  begiui,  and  after 
three  hours  of  hard  fighting,  Greene  and  his  command  were  compelled 
to  surrender. 

Eighteen  months  of  prison  life  passed  heavily  with  the  active  spirit 
of  Colonel  Greene.  His  thoughts  were  with  his  suftering  country,  and 
his  uppermost  desire  was  to  ngain  draw  his  sword  in  her  behalf.  On 
one  occasion,  when  contemplating  the  Ilritish  (lag  w.iving  tauntingly 
above  him,  and  listening  to  the  triumph-strains  of  Hritish  nuisic.  his 
self-p«»ssessi()n  forsook  him,  and  he  exclaimeil,  with  emphatic  lone,  "  / 
will  never  again  be  taken  prisoner  alive  .'" — a  declaration  never  forgot- 
ten by  those  who  heard  it,  and  that  became  a  proverb  with  the  soldiers 
who  had  served  under  him. 

The  value  of  tue  services  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  (ireene  and  of  his 
fc'llow-olRcers,  were  fully  appreciated  by  General  Washington,  and  in 
a  letter  to  Governor  Cooke,  dated  "  Head-quarters,  Harlem  I  bights* 
Oct.  12,  177(5,  he  stated  tluU  their  behaviour  I'lid  merits,  as  well  as 
tlic  severities  they  had  experienced  in  tlic  Cauiula  Kxpclilion.  entitled 
them  to  particular  notice,  and  reconunended  liiat,  in  the  new  li  vies 
then  about  to  be  raistid  by  the  State,  vacancies  siiouhl  be  renerved  for 
iheni,  to  be  tilled  upon  (heir  exchange.  Cohniel  Varnum,  writing  lo 
the  Governor  fniin  West  Chester,  October  Ifi,  on  the  same  sul'ject, 
snys :  "  How  the  Field  OlRcers  are  recommended  for  the  Kir>l  Hattal- 
lion  in  our  State,  and  who  they  are,  I  am  ignorant.  I  hope  Colonel 
(jlreene  will  be  thought  of." 

After  being  exchanged,  Lieut.  Cfdonel  Greene,  in  1777,  received  a 
commis,>ion  of  Colonel,  and  was  placed  in  comnnunl  of  the  highly 
important  post  of  Fort  Mercer,  at  Red  Hank,  on  the  Delaware  river. 
This  po--ition  wn>  attacked  by  a  large  body  of  Germans  mider  Colonel 
Count  Donop.  who,  after  a  flerce  and  desperate  tight,  were  driven  back 
defeated,   with    heavy    lo--.    including   their    eomnuuider.*       Colonel 


•  "  Tlic  late  I>r.  Turner,  of  Ncwjwrf,  wh"  wiw  In  IIiIk  Imtth',  nsi«l  lo  nni-rate  tli« 
followitur  niicrclnti'  nf  flol.  fii'ccnn'i  Uiml  ntlfiition  to  «  vniii|iiis)ici|  cnrtii).  Up 
burlvd  tlie  reiiiamt*  ufCouot  Dunup  with  all  tlit;  bonun*  uf  war.    A  FruiH'lituuu,  llic 


54 


APPENDIX. 


'i 


^J 


Jonathan  Mifflin,  in  a  letter  to  General  Mifflin,  dated  ''  Headquar- 
ters, G.  Morris's,  Oct.  24,  1777,  5  o'clock,  P.  M.,"  says:  "  The  day 
before  yesterday,  4  o'clock  P.  M.,  Count  Donop,  with  1200  Hessian 
Grenadiers,  made  their  appearance  before  the  garrison  at  Red  Bank, 
and  by  flag  demanded  a  surrender,  which  being  refused,  they  made  an 
immediate  attatk,  fired  above  the  abattis,  crossed  the  ditch,  and  some 
few  liad  inountcd  the  pickets.  Tiioy  were  so  warmly  received  that 
they  returned  with  great  precipitation,  leaving  behind  the  Count  and 
the  Brigade  Major,  who  are  wounded,  in  the  fort."  The  killed  and 
wounded,  according  to  this  letter,  were  500.  The  same  writer  con- 
tinues: *'  Colonel  Greene,  who  commanded,  played  u|)on  them  n  very 
good  deception.  When  the  flag  came  in,  he  concealed  all  his  men  but 
50 — saying,  "  with  these  brave  felloios,  this  fort  shall  be  my  tmnb." — He 
had  5  hilled  and  45  wounded." 

CoinniodorcJohn  Ilazlewood  writing  to  Gen.  Washington,  under  date 
lied  Bank,  CVt.  24,  1777,  sayr,  "This  will  accpiaint  your  Exccllt-ncy 
that  early  this  morning  we  carried  all  our  gallies  into  action,  and,;>.fter 
u  long  and  lieiivy  firing,  we  drove  the  enemy's  ships  down  the  river, 
ex:?ept  n  *')4  gun  ship  and  a  small  frigate,  which  we  obliged  them  to 
([uit,  as  tlicy  got  on  s!iore,  and  by  accident  the  (M  gun  ship  bli-w  up, 
and  the  frigate  thej'  set  on  tire  themselves,  took  the  people  all  out,  and 
(juitted  Ihem.  Our  action  lasted  until  12  o'clock,  and  our  licet  has 
received  but  little  damagi'. 

"  You  will  be  informed  of  the  glorious  event  of  last  night,  by  Col. 
Greene.  We,  in  our  gallic;,  were  of  great  use  in  (laiiking  round  the 
(ort.  Besides  the  G4  and  frigate  being  burnt,  the  Roebuck,  which  lay 
to  f'iv(!r  them,  we  damaged  much  and  drove  oiT,  and  had  she  laid  fast, 
we  should  have  had  h»'r  in  the  same  situation." 

"  The  success  of  Col.  Greene  the  day  before,  it  is  fair  to  infer,  con- 
tributed nnicli  to  the  luival  successes  of  the  day  following,  and  linally 
to  the  eritniy  abandoning  Philadelphia,  thus  breaking  down,  in  an 
eminent  degree,  their  warlike  power. 


surireon  of  tlip  Ocrnian  HrlKtxIt',  wlio  wa»  tnken  priaonor,  on  witnesKliiH;  the  Aincrl- 
can  troops  followinj;  tlic  corpse  of  his  licloved  oomtiiandcr,  nnrl  (ItposiiitiK  it,  with 
every  niniiiffstntlon  of  rivpiit,  In  llio  Krnv(.\  whs  so  nflectcil  liy  tlic  iinrxpoctrd 
Bpci'fncic  tlint,  sprin^iiiii:  up  nnd  sinicinu:  his  ft-Pt  to|it'tlicr,  lie  rxrhilmcil,  with  llio 
viviiclly  of  liU  (oiintrymiii,  "He  (Jar,  If  diy  liury  lut- so,  I  dio  dis  inoincnt." — 
Uiillicr  nil  0(M,  hut  rertninly  a  very  strikiny;  illustriuion  of  his  dcvutudness  to 
Donop,  iinil  hl§  xratitude  to  Oreenc."— .Vofp  tn  n  xketrh  of  Col.  Onrnc  in  thr  Kvnt 
County  AlliK,  A'or.  8  itml  !.'»,  18t'»l,  by  lluii-  II.  Uoun^nanierr,  of  which  hm  has  been 
madu  iit  Ihin  notice. 


i 


APPENDIX. 


55 


In  January,  after  the  battle  of  Red  Bank,  a  letter  was  written  to 
Gen.  Washington,  by  Gen.  J.  M.  Varnuiu,  dated  "  Camp,  -January  2, 
1778,"  in  which  he  says:  "The  two  liattalions  for  the  State  being 
Hmall,  and  there  being  a  necessity  of  the  State's  furnishing  an  addi- 
tional number  to  make  up  their  proportion  in  the  Continental  Army, 
the  Field  Officera  have  represented  to  me  the  propriety  of  making  one 
temporary  Battalion  from  the  two,  so  that  one  entire  corps  of  ofHcei's 
may  repait  to  Rhode  Island,  in  order  to  receive  and  prei)are  the 
recruits  for  the  field.     It  is  imagined  that  a  Hattalion  of  negroes  may 

be  raised  there The  Field  Olficers  who  go  upon  this 

command,  are  Col.  Greene,  Lt.  Col.  Olney,  jiiid  Major  Ward." 

Colonel  Greene,  after  this,  was  employed  in  Rhode  Island  for  a 
period  of  the  war,  from  1778  to  1780,  and  had  a  spirited  iight  with 
the  enemy  on  the  Island,  in  which  the  negro  troops  distinguisiied  them- 
selves, lie  cooperated  with  the  French  fli;et  and  army,  tiie  former 
under  Count  D'listaing,  the  latter  under  the  command  of  General 
Count  Rochambeau.  In  1781,  he  returned  to  the  head(|iiiirters  of 
Gen.  Washington,  and  on  'he  night  of  the  13th  of  May,  was  attacked 
at  Ills  quarters  near  Croton  Bridge,  Crotoii  River,  N.  Y.,  by  a  party 
of  refugees,  overpowered,  and  barbarou>!y  murdered.  His  left  arm 
was  cut  olf,  his  right  woutuled  to  the  bone  in  two  wide  gashes,  his  left 
shoulder  severely  mutilated,  his  stomacii  pierced  by  a  sword,  his  right 
side  shockingly  lacerated  by  a  bayonet,  and  his  licad  mangled  in  sev(!- 
ral  places.  In  this  condition,  he  was  dragged  by  the  rulhans  who  had 
overpov.ered  him,  to  a  wood  about  a  mile  di-lant,  ami  there  left. 

General  Wasliingt'jn  learned,  with  the  deepest  sorrow,  the  details  of 
the  melancholy  fate  of  his  honored  friend  am'  brother  in  arms.  Ills 
corpse  was  carried  to  the  headquarters  of  the  army  on  the  subse(|uent 
day,  a'ld  buried  wl«h  every  token  of  mi''  ary  honor,  and  every  sem- 
blance of  individual  grief*  General  IWhambeau  took  occasion  (o 
remark  in  a  letter  to  Gov.  Greene,  dated  at  Newpoit,  27lh  ^lay,  I781> 
"  Your  KxceUency  will,  I  hope,  be  persuaded  how  muc-li  I  lament  the 
loss  of  your  friend  and  relative,  Col.  Greene.  I  had  the  greatest 
esteem  and  regard  for  an  officer  of  such  merit."  At  the  October  Ses- 
sion of  the  General  Assembly,  178;"),  seven  years'  half  pay  was  allowed 
to  tiie  widow  und  children  of  Col.  Greene,  dating  from  the  day  of  his 
death. 


•Both  Col'iiicl  (Irotne  and  Mnjor  Fliigjt,  wlio  w»<  niurdond  at  ihc  onnic  time, 
wcri'  liuriod  in  llic  cliiinh-yiird  ut  O>m|>oii(l,  where  a  tonil>  utinc  was  eiei ted. 
Conipuitd  wus  aliuul  av.vca  luilua  i'ruiii  Puekitkili. 


ii 


56 


APPENDIX. 


:k  of  tiik  Unitkd  Status,) 
York,  June  7,  1786.  ) 


The  gallant  defence  of  Fort  Mercer,  at  Red  Bank,  gave  to  Colonel 
Greene  a  prominent  military  reputation,  and  Congress  was  prompt  to 
recognize  the  brilliant  deed  by  passing  a  resolution,  Nov.  4,  1777, 
"  That  an  elegant  sword  be  provided  by  the  Board  of  War,  and  pre- 
sented to  Col.  Greene."  The  execution  of  this  complimentary  resolve 
was  delayed  until  several  years  after  the  death  of  the  Colonel,  when 
the  sword  was  forwarded  to  Job  Greene,  Esq.,  the  son  and  legal  repre- 
sentative of  the  deceased,  accompanied  with  the  following  letter: 

"  War  OiKicf 
New 
Sir: 

I  have  th(!  lienor  to  transmit  to  you,  the  son  and  legal  representa- 
live  of  the  late  memorable  and  gallant  Col.  Greene,  the  sword  directed 
to  bo  presented  to  him,  by  the  resolve  of  Congress  of  the  4th  of  No- 
vember, 1777. 

"The  re|)uU(!  and  defeat  of  the  Germans  at  the  Fort  of  Red  Bank, 
on  the  Delaware,  is  justly  considered  as  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
actions  of  the  late  war.  The  glory  of  that  event  is  inseparably  attached 
to  the  memory  of  your  father  and  his  brave  garrison.  The  manner  in 
which  the  supreme  nuthority  of  the  United  States  is  pleased  to  express 
its  high  sense  of  his  military  merit,  and  the  honorable  instrument 
which  they  annex  in  testimony  thereof,  must  be  peculiarly  precious  to 
a  son  emulative  of  his  father's  virtues.  The  circumstances  of  the  war 
prevented  obtaining  and  delivery  of  the  sword  previous  to  your  father's 
being  killed  at  Croton  River,  in  1780.  [1.] 

"On  that  catastrophe,  his  country  motirned  the  sacrifice  of  a  patriot 
and  a  soldier,  and  mingled  its  tears  with  those  of  his  family.  That  the 
jmtriotic  and  military  virtues  of  your  honorable  father  may  influence 
your  conduct  in  every  case  in  which  your  country  may  require  your 
services,  is  the  sincere  wish, 
Sir, 

Of  your  most  obedient 

and  very  humble  servant, 

IT.  Knox. 
Job  Greene,  Esq." 

Tliis  sword  is  now  in  the  po.^session  of  one  of  tlu^  grandchildren  of 
Cohinel  Greene.  Simon  Henry  Greene,  Es((.,  of  River  Point,  R.  I.  Its 
sheath  is  of  rattle-snake  skin,  the  blade  a  polished  rapier,  and  its  prin- 
ciple doeorntions  of  silver,  inlai<l  with  gohl.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
Col.  Greene  had  entered  upon  Ills  forty-fifth  year.  In  1 7t'i8,  he  intir- 
riud  Misd  Anne  Lippitt,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Jeremiah  Lippitt,  uf 


APPENDIX. 


57 


Warwick.  He  left  tliree  sons  and  four  daughters.  His  portrait, 
belonging  to  Simon  Henry  Greene,  Esq.,  exhibits  the  appearance  of 
a  man  who  would  do  effectual  service  on  the  battle-field.  Under  the 
laborious  exercise  of  the  farm  and  the  camp,  he  ripened  into  a  rare 
combination  of  symmetrical  figure  and  solid  expression.  His  height 
was  about  five  fet4  ten  inches.  His  round,  capacious  chest,  his  upright 
mien,  his  active,  muscular  limbs,  indicated  the  enjoyment  of  perfect 
physical  vigor.  Dark  brown  hair  clustered  around  his  forehead,  which 
bespoke  deep  thought  rather  thun  brilliant  fancy.  There  was  a  strange 
lustre  in  his  eyes  that  would  ha>  e  given  the  expression  of  life  to  a  face 
of  clay.  The  outline  of  his  features  was  grave  and  stern,  as  if  it  were 
but  a  transparent  veil  over  his  restless  mind ;  while  his  entire  counten- 
ance was  lit  up  with  a  ruddy,  sanguine  complexion,  through  which 
coursing  blood  looked  out  to  tell  the  story  of  inward  health  and  joyous- 
ness.  A  copy  of  this  portrait  was  a  few  years  since  painted  at  the 
expense  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  made  one  of  a  growuig 
gallery  of  her  eminent  sons  and  benefactors  now  formed  in  the  Hall  of 
Brown  University.     Col.  Greene   died  at  an  age  when  his  military 


rm;-<;-li,ms.  Pau'.'  .".  line  1(1  fn.in  t,>|,.  The  ).  >iTr;.it  of  Coloiwl  (i,e<„...  was 
|.r.-K..ntHtotlir  irnll.T.v  in  the  Hall  of  Unnvti  IM.iv.Tsirv.  l.v  Si,,,..,,  H,..„-,v 
rJr.M',,..,  Ks.|..a„.l  vvMs„,,t,,:,i„i,Mlaltl,..,  xi,r„M.  „f  il,,.  Stat...,as  i„  ,.|\  ,„t,.„i|  v 
statcil. 

PjittcHT,  II, ir  ■_'  tVulii  1m,ii,„,,,  to,.  Li,iiis  \iv,  ivail  "  r.i.nis  \vi." 


■II  of 

IttI 

)rin- 
;atl» 
iir.ir- 
t,  of 


i^tieoec  was  planned,  lie  was  assign(;d  to  a  company  in  the  detachment 
ofArnohl.  Wliile  the  troo|)s  halted  at  l'\»rt  Western  on  the  Kenne- 
bec, he  wrote  to  his  wife  in  terms  worthy  of  u  patriot  martyr:  "I 
l>now  not  if  I  shall  ever  see  you  again.  The  weuther  grows  severe 
cold,  and  the  woods,  they  say,  are  terrible  to  pass.  But  I  do  not  value 
life  or  properly,  if  I  can  secure  liberty  lor  my  children."  Captain 
Hubbard  shared  in  the  extreme  sufferings  of  the  march,  and  probably 
8 


56 


APPENDIX. 


The  gallant  defence  of  Fort  Mercer,  at  Red  Bank,  gave  to  Colonel 
Greene  a  piominent  military  reputation,  and  Congretis  was  prompt  to 
recognize  the  brilliant  deed  by  passing  a  resolution,  Nov.  4,  1777, 
"  That  an  elegant  sword  be  provided  by  the  Board  of  War,  and  pre- 
sented to  Col.  Greene."  The  execution  of  this  complimentary  resolve 
was  delayed  until  several  years  after  the  death  of  the  Colonel,  when 
the  sword  was  forwarded  to  Job  Greene,  Esq.,  the  son  and  legal  repre- 
sentative of  the  deceased,  accompanied  with  the  following  letter: 

"  War  Office  of  tiik  Unitkd  Statics, 


New  York,  June 


NiTKD  Statics,") 
7,  1786.  > 


Siu: 

1  have  the  honor  to  transmit  to  you,  the  Fon  and  legal  reprcpenta- 
tivi'  of  the  late  mi  moralile  and  gallant  Col.  Greene,  the  sword  directed 
to  be  presented  to  him,  by  the  resolve  of  Congress  of  the  4th  of  No- 
vember, 1777. 

"  Tlie  repulse  and  defeat  of  the  Germans  at  the  Fort  of  Red  Bank, 
on  thq  Delaware,  is  justly  considered  as  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
actions  of  the  late  war.  The  glory  of  that  event  is  inseparably  attached 


This  sword  is  now  in  the  possession  of  one  of  the  grandchildren  of 
Colonel  Greene.  Simon  Henry  Greene,  Esq.,  of  River  Point,  R.  I.  Its 
sheath  is  of  rattle-snake  skin,  the  blade  a  polished  rapier,  and  its  prin- 
ciple decorations  ot  silver,  inlaid  with  gold.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
Col.  Greene  had  entered  upon  his  tbrly-fifth  year.  In  1758,  he  h:'i'"- 
ricd  Miss  Anne  Lippitt,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Jeremiah  Lippitt,  of 


APPENDIX. 


67 


•hfi 


Warwick.  Tie  left  three  sons  and  four  daughters.  His  portrait, 
belonging  to  Sitnon  Henry  Greene,  E^;q.,  exhibits  the  appearance  of 
a  man  who  would  do  effectual  service  on  the  battle-fudd.  Under  the 
laborious  exercise  of  the  farm  and  the  camp,  he  ripened  into  a  rare 
combination  of  symmetrical  figure  and  solid  expression.  His  height 
was  about  five  feet  ten  inches.  His  round,  capacious  chest,  his  upright 
mien,  his  active,  muscular  limbs,  indicated  the  enjoyment  of  perfect 
physical  vigor.  Darli  brown  hair  clustered  around  his  forehead,  which 
bespoke  dee|)  thought  rather  than  brilliant  fancy.  There  was  a  strange 
lustre  in  his  eyes  that  would  have  given  the  expression  of  life  to  a  face 
of  clay.  The  outline  of  his  features  was  grave  and  stern,  as  if  it  were 
but  a  transparent  veil  over  his  restless  mind;  while  his  entire  counten- 
ance was  lit  up  with  a  ruddy,  sanguine  complexion,  through  which 
coursing  blood  looked  out  to  tell  the  story  of  inward  health  and  joyous- 
ness.  A  copy  of  this  portrait  was  a  few  years  since  painted  at  the 
expense  jf  tiie  State  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  made  one  of  a  growing 
gallery  of  her  eminent  sons  and  benefactors  now  formed  in  the  Hall  of 
Brown  University.  Col.  Greene  died  at  an  age  when  his  military 
experience,  maturity  of  judgment,  and  energy  of  character,  gave  prom- 
ise of  rapid  promotion.  Had  he  lived  to  the  close  of  the  war,  his  rank^ 
probably,  would  have  been  second  only  to  that  of  his  distinguished 
kinsman. 

Captain  J(^nas  HunnARD,  the  son  of  an  early  settler  ii.  Worcester, 
Mass.,  was  l.orn  in  that  town.  Previous  to  the  Revolution,  he  was 
engaged  in  tih;  cultivation  of  his  patrimonial  estate,  and  in  the  man- 
agenK'nt  of  extensive  concerns  of  business.  The  first  sounds  of  coming 
war  found  Iiim  an  Ensign  in  one  of  the  three  militia  companies  of  the 
town.  When  the  volunteer  company  of  miimte  men  was  raised,  Hub- 
bard was  elected  Lieutenant,  and  actively  participated  in  the  evening 
drills  after  (he  labors  of  the  day  were  over,  and  in  the  {)reparations 
made  by  the  busy  iudusti'y  of  the  martial  spirit  of  the  times,  for  imme- 
diate action. 

Soon  after  this  gallant  corps  marched  to  Cambridge,  l^ieutenaut 
Hubbard  was  appointed  Captain,  and,  when  the  expedition  against 
Quebe(!  was  plamied,  he  was  assigned  to  a  company  in  the  detachment 
of  Arnold.  While  the  troops  halted  at  Fort  Western  on  tlie  Kenne- 
bec, he  wrote  to  his  wife  in  terms  worthy  of  u  patriot  martyr :  "  I 
Jknow  not  if  I  shall  ever  see  you  again.  Tlie  weather  grows  severe 
cold,  and  the  woods,  they  say,  are  terrible  to  pass.  But  I  do  not  valuo 
life  or  property,  if  I  can  secure  liberty  for  my  children."  Captain 
Hubbard  siiui; d  in  the  extreme  sufferings  of  the  march,  and  probably 
8 


68 


APPENDIX. 


more  than  his  proportion,  as,  acting  under  a  oommispion  among  those 
who  had  no  reverence  for  artificial  distinctions,  beyond  that  yielded  to 
the  legitimate  authority  of  courage  and  wisdom. 

In  the  attack  on  Quebec,  Captiiin  Hubbard  fell,  at  the  head  of  his 
company,  severely  wounded.  Respected  for  his  fearless  intrepidity, 
and  loved  for  his  personal  worth,  his  men  wished  to  remove  him  to  a 
place  of  shelter  from  the  fast  falling  snow,  and  of  safccy  from  the  vol- 
lies  of  balls  poured  down  from  the  ramparts.  But  lie  peremptorily 
refused.  '  I  came  here  to  serve  with  you,  I  will  stay  here  to  die  with 
you,'  were  his  last  words  to  a  comrade  who  survived.  Bleeding  and 
stretched  on  a  bed  of  ice,  exposed  to  the  bitter  influence  of  a  winter 
storm,  life  soon  departed.  It  was  a  glorious  time  and  pl.ice  for  the 
gallant  soldier  to  yield  up  his  breath,  beneath  the  massive  walls  of  the 
impregnable  citrdel,  with  the  death  shot  flying  fast,  and  the  thunder  of 
battle  swelling  round  him.  The  sons  of  Captain  Hubbard,  inheriting 
his  adventurous  and  manly  spirit,  emigrated  to  Maine,  where  the  eldest 
Gen.  Levi  Hubbard,  became  the  first  settler  of  Paris.  Gen.  Hubbard 
held  many  offices  with  honor,  and  was  representative  of  Oxford  Dis- 
trict in  Congress,  from  1813  to  1815. — Lincoln's  History  of  Worcester 

John  Joseph  Henry  was  the  son  of  William  and  Ann  Wood 
Henry,  of  Lancaster,  Penn.  William,  (whose  parents  emigrated  from 
Coleraine,  Ireland.)  was  a  distinguished  Whig  during  the  Revolution, 
and  had  an  extensive  manufactory  of  arms,  established  previously  to 
the  French  W^ar.  In  1777,  he  was  Deputy  Commissary  General,  and 
was  active  in  sending  supplies  to  the  army  at  Valley  Forge.  In  1784, 
he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  died  Dec.  lo,  178(1. 

John  Joseph  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn.,  Nov.  4th,  1758,  and 
early  manifested  marked  mechanical  genius.  At  the  age  of  14,  he 
became  an  apprentice  to  his  uncle  at  the  gunsmith  business,  who  subse- 
tjuently  removed  to  Detroit.  Here  young  Henry  remained  but  a  short 
time,  and  returned  home  on  foot  through  the  wilderness.  His  ardent 
mind  panted  for  military  glory,  and  sympathising  warmly  with  his 
struggling  country,  he,  at  the  age  of  lO  years,  clandestinely  enlisted  in 
a  company  raised  by  Cai»tain  Mattliew  Suiith,  for  the  purpose  of  join- 
ing Arnold's  Expedition  against  Quebec.  His  sufferings  on  the  march 
through  the  wilderness  were  extreme.  He  was  captured  in  the  attack 
upon  (Quebec,  and  lay  in  prison  nine  months,  where  he  contracted  the 
.scurvy,  which  made  its  appearance  on  his  return  home,  in  a  malignant 
form,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  never  entirely  recovered.  Mr. 
Henry  spoke  the  German  language,  and  while  in  prison  was  approached 


APPENDIX. 


59 


ami 

he 

sc- 
lort 

eiit 

his 
hi 
ohi- 
iirch 

iick 

the 
iiiint 

Mr. 
ched 


by  Captain  Prentis,  in  behalf  of  Gen.  Knyphausen,  then  at  Quebec, 
with  the  ofler  of  a  place  in  his  military'  family,  as  an  inierpreter.  The 
offer  was  'leflined. 

He  sailed  from  Quebec  Aug.  10,  1776,  and  after  a  voyage  of  four 
weeks,  reached  New  York.  Of  his  advent  into  Elizabethtown,  a  few 
days  after,  he  gives  the  following  description  :  "  It  was  ten  or  eleven 
at  night  before  we  landed.  The  moon  shone  beautifully.  Morgan 
stood  in  the  bow  of  the  boat,  making  a  spring  not  easily  surpissed,  and 
falling  on  the  earth,  as  it  were  to  grasp  it, — cried,  "  Oh,  my  country." 
We  that  were  near  him,  pursued  his  example.  Now  a  rac(!  com- 
menced, which  in  quickness,  could  scarcely  be  exceeded,  and  soon 
brought  us  to  Elizabethtown.  Here,  those  of  us  whc  were  drowsy 
spent  an  uneasy  night.  Being  unexpected  guests,  and  the  town  full  of 
troops,  no  quarters  were  provided  for  us.  Joy  rendered  beds  useless. 
We  did  not  close  our  eyes  till  daylight.  Singing,  dancing,  the  Indian 
halloo,  in  short,  every  species  of  vocifcrousness  was  adopted  by  the  nien^ 
and  many  of  the  most  respectable  sergeants,  to  express  tlitiir  extreme 
pleasure.  A  stranger  c.miiig  among  them,  would  have  pronounced 
them  mad,  or  at  least  intoxicated,  though  since  noon  neither  food  nor 
liquor  had  passed  our  lips.  Thus  the  passions  may,  at  times,  have  an 
influence  on  the  human  frame,  as  inebriating  as  wine  or  any  other 
licpior.  The  morning  brought  us  ])ieiiiy,  in  the  form  of  rations  of  beef 
and  bread.      Hunger  allayed,  my  desire  was  to  proceed  homewards." 

On  reaching  home,  a  Lieutenancy  in  the  Pennsylvania  Line  was 
offered  Mr.  Henry,  and  also  a  Captaincy  in  thti  Virginia  Line.  The 
latter  he  designed  to  accept,  under  Morgan,  but  the  state  of  his  healtl- 
])revenied.  Continued  lameness  preelufled  all  pos.-ibility  of  his  again 
entering  the  army,  and  he  indentured  himself  for  four  years  as  a  clerk 
in  the  prothonotary's  office  of  Lancaster  County,  and  made  himself 
master  of  its  duties.  He  subsequently  studied  law,  under  Stephen 
Cliambers,  Esq.,  whose  youngest  sister  he  afterwards  married.  Mr- 
Henry  engaged  successfully  in  the  practice  of  law,  from  1785  to  the 
close  of  1793,  when  his  well  known  legal  abilities  were  rewarded  with 
an  appointment  by  Governor  Thomas  Mifllin,  tu  the  office  of  President 
of  tiie  Second  .Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania.  This  position  he  held 
seventeen  years,  when,  from  illness  and  increasing  infirmities,  lie  felt  it 
a  duty  to  resign.  Four  months  after,  he  died-  Judge  Henry  wrote  an 
interesting  and  valuable  narrative  of  the  Campaign  against  Quebec, 
which  was  published  in  1812,  and  which  has  frequently  been  referred 
to  in  the  preceding  pages. 

Captain  William  UENDUiCKS,from  Pennsylvania,  was  tall,  of  a  mild 


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APPENDIX. 


11' 


and  beautiful  countenance.  His  sonl  was  animated  by  a  genuine  spark 
of  heroism.  He  was  active  and  energetic  in  the  march  through  the 
wilderness,  and  shared  freely  in  the  toils  and  privations  of  his  men. 
When  it  became  necessary  to  transport  Lieutenant  McCleland,  of  his 
company,  in  a  litter  across  the  mounlains,  he  took  his  turn  with  the 
men.  "  If  you  had  seen,"  says  Henry,  "  the  young  yet  venerable  Cap- 
tain Hendricks,  bearing  his  share  of  this  loved  burthen  ocross  the  plain 
to  our  camp,  it  would  have  raised  esteem,  if  not  affection,  towards  him." 
He  was  no  stickler  for  rank  where  the  harmony  of  the  service  was 
involved.  IMorgan  had  obtained  the  command  of  the  rifle  corps  from 
Arnold,  without  any  advertence  to  the  better  claim  of  Hendricks,  who? 
though  the  youngest  man,  was,  of  the  three  Captains,  in  point  of  rank, 
by  the  dates  of  ::ommissionr,  the  superior  officer.  For  the  sake  of 
peace  in  the  army,  and  of  good  order,  he  j)rudently  and  good  naturedly 
acfjuiesced  in  ^lorgan's  assumption  of  the  command.  He  was  conspic- 
uous in  the  assault  upon  Quebec,  and,  as  m((ntioiied  in  the  Introduc- 
tion, was  killed  by  a  straggling  ball  received  through  the  heart. 

Captain  John  Lamb,  son  of  Anthony  Lamb,  a  celebrated  optician 
and  mathematical  instrument  maker,  in  New  York,  was  born  in  that 
city,  .January  1,  1735.  In  early  life,  he  followed  the  profession  of  liis 
father.  About  17(50,  he  commenced  ihe  business  of  a  wine  merchant, 
and  nearly  at  the  same  time,  married  Catherine  Jandine,  a  hidy  of  Hu- 
guenot descent.  He  improved  his  opportunities  for  mental  culture,  sjmke 
the  French  and  German  languages,  was  a  pleasant  sper.ker  and  forci- 
ble writer.  In  the  beginning  of  the  troubles  that  h-d  on  to  Ri  volution, 
Mr.  Lamb  sided  with  the  country,  piid  became  a  prominent  nKinber  of 
the  New  York  Sons  of  Liberty.  Early  in  177;"),  lie  oft'cred  his  servi- 
ces to  Congress,  and  was  conimissioped  a  Captain  cf  Artillery,  a  po.i- 
tion  for  which  his  military  .studies  fitted  him.  For  a  time,  lie  was 
stationed,  with  his  company,  on  the  Hattery,  in  New  York  ;  but  when 
the  invasion  of  Canada,  bj'  Gcierals  Schuyler  and  Montgomery,  was 
determined  upon,  he  marched  and  joined  the  invading  army,  al  the 
Isle-aux-Noix.  When  St.  John's  cap'tulated,  Ciipt.  Lamb  and  his 
conipai.y,  with  two  hundred  other  men,  were  ordered  to  march  into 
town  to  receive  tlu^  surrender  of  the  fort  and  take  jiossession.  In  the 
subsecpient  movements,  he  showed  iiimself  an  intelligeiit,  energetic  and 
reliable  officer.  He  first  met  Colonel  Arnold  before  Quebec,  and  was 
associated  with  him  in  the  assault  nprn  that  city.  He  fought  with 
great  bravery,  was  severely  wounded,  and  takei:  prisoner. 

A  grape  shot  hit  Lamb  on  Mie  left  eln'ek,  near  the  eye,  the   sight   of 
which  wut)  uUiiiialtily  !o8t,  and  carried  away  a  part  uf  tht  bonu.    The 


:i^ 


APPENDIX. 


^ 


ion, 
wr  of 
scrvi- 

lo.i- 

WiJS 

when 
wns 
;  the 
1  his 
into 
n  I  lie 
iind 
WHS 
with 


force  of  the  blow  and  the  concussion  of  the  shot,  stnnned  him,  and 
threw  him  senseless  on  the  snow.  Some  of  his  faithful  followers  car- 
ried hi^a  into  a  cooper's  shop  near  at  hand,  and  laid  him  upon  a  pile  of 
shavings  insensible. 

In  searching  for  the  dead  and  wounded,  Capt.  Lamb  was  fouad 
where  he  had  been  loft,  still  without  consciousness,  benumbed  with  cold 
and  loss  of  blood.  A  surgeon,  afler  examination,  pronounced  liim  yet 
alive,  and  made  prppsirations  to  restore  him  to  animation.  A  Scottish 
commissary  present,  who  Knew  Capt.  Lamb,  and  was  familiar  with 
some  of  his  exploits  that  had  made  him  obnoxious  to  British  ire,  sug- 
gested that  it  would  be  better  to  let  him  die,  as,  if  he  wius  recovered, 
the  King's  vengeance  would  certainly  be  visited  upon  Iiim.  Bi;t  the 
suggestion  was  not  accepted.  Capt.  Lamb  was  revived  and  carried  to 
the  convent  of  the  nuns  of  the  ordei  of  Mercy,  tlien  a  tt  mporary  hos- 
pital: not,  however,  without  being  pluiid-jred  of  his  shof  and  buckles, 
by  some  of  the  underlings  ;  and,  witliout  shoes,  SHpport«'d  by  two  men» 
he  wJis  assisted  over  the  paved  court,  covered  with  snow,  and  put  to 
bed  in  that  condition,  in  his  wet  garments.  He  recovered  slowly,  but 
through  life  suffered  inconvenience  from  rin;idity  of  the  jaw.  * 

Before  being  released,  Capt.  Lamb  was  appointed  by  Washingt.in 
to  be  <econd  Major  in  the  regiment  )f  Artillery  commandcMl  by  Colonel 
Henry  Knox.  He  was  subsecjuently  made  Lieuienant  Colonel,  He 
was  in  command  of  the  Artillery  at  West  Point,  when  Arnold's 
treachery  and  flight  was  discovered,  and  was  filltd  with  indignation 
when  tlici  disclosure  was  made.  He  had  been  in  the  most  friendly 
relations  with  Arnold,  but  this  event  caused  an  instantaneous  revulsion 
of  feeling.  By  one  of  the  numerous  flags  which  passed  the  lines  on 
the  occasion  of  t!ie  captere  of  Andre,  the  officer  who  brought  it  was 
charged  to  present  the  regards  of  Gen.  Arnold  to  Col.  Lamb.  "  Be 
good  enough,  sir,"  was  the  re[)ly,  "to  tell  (Jlen.  Arnold  that  the 
ac(piaintance  between  us  is  forgotten,  .'uid  that,  if  he  were  to  be  hanged 
to-morrow,  I  would  go  barefooted  to  witness  his  execution."' 

In  the  battle  at  Compo  Hill.  Conn,,  in  1777,  Col.  Lamb  was  struck  by 
a  grape  shot  and  severely  wounded.  After  the  wound  lu.<l  b.en  difsscd, 
he  was  taken  lo  the  house  of  Mr.  Simpson,  tt'mpornrily  n'sident  of 
NorwalU,  and  afterwards  to  Col.  Den'itig's,  at  Fairfield.  As  soon  as 
it  was  prudent  to  move,  he  repaired  to  New  Haven  and  took  command 
of  that  place,  whica  had  been,  in  the  absence  of  (ien.  Arnold,  confided 
tr  L'eut.  Colonel  Oswald.  Col.  Lamb  fought  gallantly  at  Yorktown, 
but  did  notsi'cure  the  rew^ird  of  promotion  that  liis  frii-mls  with  i:<M)d 
rea.son  expected  he  would.     After  leaving  the  army,  in  which  h:  hod 


■ 


62 


APPENDIX. 


made  an  honorable  record,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  York 
General  Assembly,  and  took  a  prominent  and  influential  part  in  public 
affairs.  He  was  also  raised  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier  General.  He 
was  appointed  Collector  of  the  Customs  for  the  Port  of  New  York,  the 
duties  of  which  office  he  discharged  with  scrupulous  fidelity,  but  the 
embezzlement  of  a  clerk  in  whom  he  imposed  entire  confidence, 
involved  him  in  pecuniary  ruin.  The  reimbursement  of  the  loss 
absorbed  Iiis  entire  fortune,  and  he  retired  from  office  in  poverty  and 
distress  but  with  tiie  warm  sympathy  of  both  friends  and  political 
opponents.  General  Lamb  was  an  original  member  of  the  Society  of 
Cincinnati,  and  liad  been  twice  Vice-President  of  that  body.  He  died 
in  New  i'ork,  May  31st,  1800,  aged  65  years,  and  was  buried  in 
Trinity  Church  Yard,  with  the  military  lienors  which  he  had  so  well 
deserved  ;  and  the  long  array  of  citizens,  as  they  attended  him  to  the 
tomb,  attested  the  respect  which  his  virtues,  his  bravery,  and  worth 
had  universally  commanded.*  A  very  interesting  Life  of  Gen.  Lamb, 
by  Isaac  C^.  Leake,  was  published  liy  Joel  Munsell,  Albany,  in  1850. 
The  press  of  Mr.  Munsell  has  become  celebrated  for  elegant  editions  of 
rare  works. 

General  RicnARP  Montoomery  was  a  native  of  the  North  of 
Ireland,  and  was  born  in  the  year  1737.  Clioosing  the  profession  of 
arms,  he  entered  the  Hritisii  service,  and,  as  Captain  of  a  company  in 
the  I7tii  Regiment  of  foot,  he  fought  under  General  Wolfe  in  the 
assault  upon  (Quebec,  in  175!).  He  returned  to  England,  and  in  1772, 
retired  from  ihe  army.  Coming  again  to  America,  he  settled  in  New 
York  and  married  a  daughter  of  Judge  Livingston.  He  was  an  officer 
of  siiperior  niiiiiary  ability,  and  but  for  his  untimely  death,  would 
doubtless  have  rendered  the  country  invaluable  stiivices.  Few  ofliccrs 
were  so  universally  beloved  by  liis  men,  or  held  in  warmer  regard  by 
all  who  knew  him. 

"  All  enmity   to  Montgomery  expired  with  liis  life,  and  tlie  respect 

to  his  private  character  prevailed  over  all  other  considerations 

The  most  powerful  sjieakers  in  the  British  Parliament  displayed  their 
eloquence  in  jiraising  his  virtues,  and  lamenting  his  fate.  A  great 
orator,  and  veteran  fellow-soldier  of  his  in  the  late  war,  shed  abundpnce 
of  tears  whilst  he  expatiated  on  their  past  friend.'>hip  and  participation 


♦Sovcral  writers  Btnto  that  Cnpt.  Liinil)  ami  hia  company,  Torined  a  part  of  Ar- 
nold's torn',  In  the  expedition  by  the  Kcnncboo  and  ClmuilliTc  rivers.  Tliig  error 
orlKliiati'd,  perhapK,  in  the  fact  that  Liunlt  fotitflit  under  Arnold's  foinniniid  In  tlio 
at.u(:k  on  (jiieboc,  iind  his  eoutieetion  with  Montguniury  \:S'ng  Kenorally  uakuuwD. 


APPENDIX. 


by 


Ar- 
rror 
t)iu 
jwn. 


\ 


\ 


Even  the  minister 


of  service  in  that  season  of  enterprise  and  glory, 
extolled  his  virtues." — Annual  Register  for  1776.* 

Major  Return  J.  Mrigs  was  born  in  Middletown,  Ct.,  in  1740. 
Soon  after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he  inarched  a  company  of  infantry 
to  the  neighborhood  of  Boston,  and  received  the  commission  of  ]\Iajor. 
He  viras  assigned  to  Arnold's  command,  and  showed  great  energy  as  an 
officer  in  the  march  through  the  wilderness  against  Quebec-  lie  fought 
bravely  in  the  assault  upon  that  place  and  was  taken  prisoner.  Upon 
being  exchanged,  he  returned  home,  and  in  1777  was  appointed  Colo- 
nel. For  a  brilliant  expedition  to  Long  L^land  that  year,  he  received 
the  thanks  of  Congress  and  a  sword.  In  1779,  he  commanded  a  regi- 
ment under  Wayne  at  the  capture  of  Stony  Point.  After  the  war  he 
removed  to  Ohio,  and  settled  near  the  confluence  of  the  Oliio  and 
Muskingum  riverf.  As  early  as  1816  he  was  the  agent  for  Indian 
affairs.  He  died  at  the  Cherokee  agency.  II is  christian  name,  Return, 
was  given  him  by  his  father,  in  commemoration  of  the  happy  termina- 
tion of  an  interview  with  a  fair  Quakeress  who  at  first  rejected  his  suit ; 
but,  on  taking  his  departure,  she  sweetly  called  to  him,  saying, '"re^wrw, 
Jonathan"  and  consented  to  become  his  bride, 

Capt.  Daniel  Morgan  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  17^7,  and  in 
1755  emigrated  to  Virginia,  where  he  was  employed  first  as  a  farmer, 
and  afterwards  as  a  wagoner.  He  shared  in  the  perils  of  Uraddock's 
expedition  against  the  Indians,  and  received  a  wound  in  his  neck  and 
cheek.  At  the  commenci  inent  of  the  Revolutionary  war  he  cast  his 
lot  with  the  sons  of  freedom,  and  rai.->ed  u  company  of  rillemen.  In  the 
assault  upon  (Quebec  he  was  in  the  hottest  of  the  fight.  On  being 
exciianged  he  rejoined  the  army,  tuid  received  the  commaii<l  of  a  regi- 
ment. He  fought  with  Gates  at  Sarr  toga,  and  witii  Greene;  in  the  South. 
He  was  made  brevet  Urigaditr  General.  For  hi;;  bravery  at  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Cowpens,  Jan.  1,  1781,  Congress  voted  him  a  gold  medal. 
In  the  Whiskey  Insurrection,  Washington  called  him  to  command  the 
militia  of  Virginia.  He  was  afterwards  elected  a  member  of  Congress. 
He  died  at  Winchester,  Va,,  after  a  long  and  painful  sickness,  in  1799. 

Captain  Ki,EAZi:it  Oswai.i*  was  from  New  Haven,  Conn.  Ho 
served  under  Arnold  at  Ticonderoga,  and  vohmleering  to  aecotnpany 
him  through  the  wilderness  toC^uebec,  was  nuide  secretary  to  his  com- 
mander. In  the  assault  upon  that  phice,  he  led  a  forlorn  hope,  and 
exhibited  great  courage.      He  was  taken   prisoner,  and  after  bi  ing 


*Soo  Introduction. 


64 


APPENDIX. 


Ify 


exchanged,  received  the  appointment  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  in  Colonel 
Lamb's  regiment  of  Artillery.  For  a  short  time  he  was  stationed  at 
New  Haven,  witii  such  recruits  as  lie  had  been  enabled  to  collect. 
From  thence  he  proceeded  to  Providence,  to  secure  the  services  of  an 
accomplished  musician  who  he  had  learned  might  be  obtained  there^ 
and  also  to  promote  enlistments.  On  arriving  at  Providence  he  found 
that  the  (ifer  had  been  recently  promoted  to  a  Majority  in  the  line  of 
the  array,  and  consequently,  as  he  wrote,  "  above  that  business."  Li  a 
short  time  he  returned  to  Connecticut,  and,  during  the  temporary 
absence  of  Col.  Lamb,  took  charge  of  the  affairs  of  the  regiment.  He 
was  in  tiie  affair  at  Compo,  and  afterwards  with  part  of  iwo  companies 
and  three  field  pieces,  joined  Arnold  at  Norwalk.  He  was  subsequently 
with  his  regiment  at  Peekskiil,  where,  receiving  personal  indignity 
from  Gen.  Putnam,  he  determined  to  resign,  but  through  the  influence 
of  friends,  was  induced  to  forego  his  purpo.-e.  Lieut.  Col.  Oswald 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  and  for  his  gallant  services 
received  the  commendations  of  Generals  Knox  and  Lee.  In  August, 
177?,  being  unjustly  outranked,  through  the  enmity  of  Gen.  Gates, 
who  dislike<l  him  on  account  ot  his  devotion  to  Washington,  he  resigned 
his  commission.  After  leaving  the  army,  he  entered  into  (he  printing 
and  publishing  business  in  Philadelphia,  was  appointed  public  printci-, 
and  was  a  resident  of  that  city  during  the  time  it  was  under  the  com- 
mand of  Arnold.  The  treason  of  that  officer  drew  from  Oswald  several 
indignant  I'ttcrs.  In  a  letter  to  Col.  Lamb,  he  said  :  "  Happy  for  him, 
and  for  his  friend-',  it  had  been,  had  the  ball  which  pierced  his  kg  at 
Saratoga,  been  directed  through  liis  heart ;  he  then  would  have  finished 
his  career  in  glory,  but  the  remainder  of  his  wretched  existence,  must 

now  be  one  continued  scene  of  horror,  misery  and  despair 

He  has  convinced  tlie  world  that  he  is  as  base  a  prostitute  as  this  or 
any  other  country  ever  nurtured  to  maturity,  and  as  a  puiiisiiment  for 
the  enormity  of  liis  crimes,  the  mark  of  Cain  is  branded  on  him  in  the 
most  indelible  characters."  '  '     • 

In  the  political  discussions  of  the  times,  Lieut.  Col.  Oswald  took  an 
active  part,  and,  under  extraordinary  provocation,  sent  a  challenge  to 
Col.  llamiltoii,  which,  upon  satisfactory  ex|)lanation,  was  withdrawn. 
During  the  French  Revolution  he  went  to  England  on  business,  and, 
guided  by  his  natuial  enthusiasm  for  liberty  and  passion  for  military 
renown,  crossed  the  channel  ani^  entered  tiic  army  of  Duinourier.  IIo 
was  placeil  in  command  of  a  regiment  of  artillery,  and  served  with 
credit  in  the  battle  oi'  Mons  or  Jeniappe.  He  returned  to  his  native 
laud,  and  in  October,  1795,  died  of  small  pox,  coiitrauled  while  nursing 


APPENDIX. 


65 


a  friend  who  had  been  fatally  attacked  by  that  pestilence.     On  the  2d 
of  '^:;tober  he  was  buried  in  St.  Paul's  church  yard,  in  New  York. 

Rev.  Samukl  Spring,  the  ohi.plain  of  Arnold's  detachment,  was 
born  in  Nortlibridg;^  Mass.,  Febiuary  27,  1746,  and  was  educated  at 
Princeton  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1771.  On  his  return  from 
Quebec  he  left  the  army,  a.-d  August  6,  1777,  received  ordination. 
He  was  a  miruster  for  many  years  in  Newburyport,  Mass..  and  wa:;  an 
attractive  preacher.  lie  was  one  of  t'ne  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 
Missionary  Society  in  1709,  and  also  of  tiie  Andover  Theological  Sem- 
inary, and  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Mis- 
sions. His  publications  were  numerous.  He  died  March  4,  1819, 
aged  73  years.  Ilis  son.  Rev.  Gardner  Spring,  D.D.,  has  long  been 
one  of  the  prominent  clergymen  of  New  York. 

Captain  ISLvtthkw  Smith  commanded  a  company  from  Lancaster 
county,  Penn.  Ilenr}-,  who  served  under  him,  says,  "lie  was  a  good 
looking  man,  had  the  air  of  a  soldier,  but  was  illiterate,  and  outrageously 
talkativti."  Previous  to  the  assault  upon  Quebec,  he  was  present  by 
invitation  of  General  Montgomery,  at  a  council  ofolficers.  On  one 
occa.'ion,  in  the  march  througli  tiie  wilderness,  he  .saved  a  soldier  who 
had  violated  an  order  prohibiting  the  firing  of  guns,  from  summary 
punishment  by  Morgan.  The  t-oidier  denied  having  committed  the 
offence.  Morgan,  in  a  moment."<ry  pas.'ion,  seized  a  billet  of  wood  and 
threatened  to  knock  him  down  imless  he  confessed  the  fact.  Where- 
tipon  Smilli  seized  anollier  billet  and  tlireatened  to  serve  Morgan  in 
like  manner  it  he  struck  the  man.  Morgan  knowing  the  tenure  of  hxt* 
rank,  receded. 

Dr.  LsAAC  SicNTi'.u  was  born  in  Londonderry,  in  the  State  of  New 
Hampshire,  in  tlw  year  1753.  Of  his  boyhood  life  no  particulars  are 
preserved.  Chdo^ing  the  Healing  Art  for  a  profession,  he  went  to 
Newport,  R.  T.,  and  ('nf;agi<i  in  the  study  of  medicine,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  Tlicmias  3loffat,  a  Scotch  physician  of  eminence.  'I he 
ardor  with  which  he  pursued  his  studies  did  not  render  him  indifferent 
to  the  imi)ortant  events  then  transjtiring.  Every  fibre  of  hi.s  heart  waa 
patriotic,  and  when  the  tidings  of  tlie  battle  of  Lexington  renehed 
Newport,  he  instantly  joined  the  Rhode  Island  troops  a>i  a  volunteer 
surgeon,  and  accompanii  d  tlKiii  to  the  camp  of  the  American  army 
in  Cambridge;.  V"  'oon  aft<'r  received  an  appointment  of  surgeon  in 
the  Continental  line,  and  was  assigned  to  (In*  detachment  und  r  Arnold 
for  tin;  Cii  lada  expedition.  Dr.  Simler  wa-  now  (wcniy-twu  years  of 
age,  and  his  new  position  opened  to  him  a  wide  field  for  gadiering 
•J 


*f 


66 


APPENDIX. 


I, 


medical  and  surgical  experience.  His  life,  on  the  memorable  march 
through  the  wilderness  to  Quebec,  was  replete  with  adventure,  while 
frequent  demands  were  made  on  his  professional  services.  Cheerful 
and  hopeful  under  multiplied  discouragements,  he  pressed  on  with  his 
companions,  at  one  time  wading  through  swamps,  sinking  half-leg  deep 
in  the  mire  at  every  step,  and  at  anotlier  feeding  on  '*  the  jawbone  of  a 
swine  destitute  of  any  covering,  boiled  in  a  quantity  of  water  with  a 
little  thickening ;"  but  all  the  way  invulnerable  to  persuasions  to  turn 
back.  As  a  specimen  of  his  experience,  the  following  extracts  from 
his  Journal  are  given  : 

Tuesday,  Oct.  24</».— Approachinp;  necessity  now  ot)ligcd  ns  to  doutjle  our  dili- 
gence. Tliree  miles  only  had  we  proceeded  ere  we  came  to  a  troublesome  water- 
fall in  the  river,  distant  half  a  mile.  Not  more  than  the  la.«t  mentioned  distance 
before  we  were  liroufjht  up  by  another,  distance  the  same.  As  the  number  of  falls 
increased,  the  water  became  consequently  more  rapid.  The  heights  of  land  upon 
each  side  of  the  river,  which  had  hitherto  been  inconsiderable,  now  became  prodi- 
giously mountainous,  olosins;  as  it  were  np  the  river  with  an  aspect  of  an  immense 
heiftht.  The  river  was  now  become  very  narrow,  and  such  a  horrid  current  as  ren- 
dered it  impossible  to  proceed  in  any  other  method  than  by  hauling  the  battcaux 
np  by  the  bufhes,  painters,  S,c.  Heit  wo  met  several  boats  returning  loaded  with 
invalids,  and  lamentable  stories  of  the  inacccssiblencss  of  the  river,  and  the  imprac- 
ticability of  any  further  progress  into  the  country.  Anioufz;  which  was  Mr.  Jackson, 
before  mentioned,  complaining  of  the  gout  most  fcvercly,  joined  to  nil  the  terrors 
of  approaching;  famine.  I  was  now  exhorted  in  the  most  pathetic  terms  to  return, 
on  pain  of  famishing  upon  contrary  conduct,  and  the  aimy  were  all  returninji;  except 
a  few  who  were  many  miles  forward  with  Col.  Arnold,  However,  hi.s  elocution 
did  not  prevail;  I  therefore  bid  him  adieu  und  proceeded.  Not  far  had  I  proceeded 
before  I  discovered  several  wrecks  of  batteaux  belonfring  to  the  front  division  of 
riflemen,  &c. ,  with  an  increase<l  velocity  of  the  water.  A  direful,  howling  wilderness 
not  descrihable.  With  aiuch  labour  and  difflculty,  I  arrived  with  the  priiicijial  part 
of  my  bagjrage  (leaving  the  battcaux  made  f -St)  lo  the  enciinipment.  Two  miles 
from  thence  I  met  the  informants  Ir.st  mentioned,  where  were  Col.  Greene's  divis- 
ion, &c.,  waiting  for  the  remainder  of  the  army  to  come  up,  that  they  might  get 
some  provisions,  ere  they  advanced  any  further.  Upon  inquiry,  I  found  them 
almost  destitute  of  any  eatable  whatever,  except  a  few  canM.i,  which  were  used  lor 
supper,  and  breakfast  the  next  morning,  by  boiling  them  in  water  gruel,  &c. 

Wednesday,  'i-)th. — P^veri'  pro  pect  of  disiress  now  came  thundering  on  with  a 
two-fold  rapidity.  A  storm  of  inow  had  covered  the  ground  of  nigti  six  inches 
deep,  attended  with  very  severe  weather.  We  now  waited  in  anxious  expectation 
for  Col.  Enos'  division  to  come  up,  in  order  that  we  might  liave  a  recruit  of  provis- 
ions ere  we  could  start  otT  the  grouiul.  An  express  was  ordered  both  up  and  down 
the  river,  ihi^  one  up  the  river  in  quest  of  Col.  Arnold,  that  ho  might  be  informed 
of  the  btatc  of  the  army,  many  of  whom  were  now  entirely  destitute  of  any  suste- 
nance. The  Col.  had  left  previous  orders  for  the  two  divisions,  viz:  Greene's  und 
Enos',  to  come  to  an  adjustment  of  the  provl-ions — send  buck  any  who  were  indis- 
posed, eiilier  in  body  or  mind,  and  pursue  him  with  the  others  immediutely.  Tho 
other  express  went  down  tlio  river  to  desir.-  Col.  Enos  and  officers  lo  attend  in  con- 
sultation. They  accordingly  cume  up  before  noon,  when  a  council  of  war  was 
ordered.    Here  sat  a  number  of  grimacers— melanclioly  aspects  who  had  been 


\'. 


APPENDIX. 


67 


preachlnjr  to  their  men  the  doctrine  of  impenetrability  .tnd  non-  perseverance.  Col. 
Enos  in  the  cliair.  Tiie  matter  whs  debated  upon  the  expediency  of  proceeding  on 
for  Quebec.  The  party  agninst  goinj^  urgini;  the  impossibility,  averring  the  wliole 
provisions,  when  avcrajjcd,  would  not  support  the  army  five  days. 

The  arrangements  of  men  and  provisions  were  made  at  Fort  Western,  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  proceed  witli  the  f;reater  expedition.  For  this  end,  it  was  tliought 
necessary  that  Capt.  Morgan's  company,  with  a  few  pioneers,  should  advance  in 
the  first  division,  Col.  Greene'.^  in  the  second,  and  Enos,  with  Capt.  Colbourn's  com- 
pany of  artificers,  to  bring  up  the  rear.  The  advaniage  of  the  arrangement  wsis 
very  conspicuous,  as  the  rear  division  would  not  only  have  the  roads  cut,  rivers 
cleared  passable  for  boats,  &c.,  but  stages  or  encampments  formed  and  the  bough 
huts  remaining  for  the  renr.  The  men  being  thus  arranged,  the  provisions  were 
distributed  according  to  the  supposed  difflcuity,  or  facility,  attending  the  different 
dispositions.  Many  of  the  first  companies  took  only  two  or  three  barrels  of  flour 
with  several  of  bread,  most  in  a  small  proportion.  While  the  companies  in  the  lust 
divi.>.ion  had  not  less  than  fourteen  of  fiour  ai)d  ten  of  bread.  The  bread,  as  men. 
tioned  before,  was  condemned  in  consequence  of  the  leaky  casks,  therefore  the 
proportion  of  bread  being  mucli  greater  in  tlie  first  division,  their  loss  was  conse- 
quently the  greater.  These  hinti  being  premised,  I  now  proceed  to  tlie  determina- 
tion of  the  council  of  war.  After  debating  upon  the  state  of  the  army  with  respect 
to  provisions,  there  was  found  very  liitle  in  the  division  then  encampeil  at  the  falls, 
(which  I  shall  mime  llyilrophobus  )  The  other  conipanies  not  being  come  up,  either 
througli  fear  that  they  should  l)e  obliged  to  come  to  a  divider,  or  to  show  their  dis- 
approbation of  proceeding  any  tuitber.  The  question  Iwmg  put  whether  all  to 
return,  or  only  fiart,  the  majority  were  for  p  irt  only  returning.  Part  only  of  the 
olHeers  of  tliose  dcia<'liments  were  in  this  council. 

According  to  Cid.  Arnold's  recommeiiduiion,  the  invalids  were  allowed  to  return, 
ns  also  the  timorous.  'I'lie  officers  wlm  were  for  going  forward,  requested  a  divis- 
ion of  the  provisions,  and  that  it  was  nrci  ssary  t!iey  should  have  the  far  greater 
quantity  in  proportion  to  thi;  clumber  of  men,  as  the  supposed  distance  that  they  had 
to  go  ere  they  arrived  into  the  inliabltants  was  greater  than  what  they  had  come,  after 
leaving  the  Ceiiebec  iidiabitauts.  To  tills  the  returning  parly  (being  pre-deter- 
mined)  would  not  consent,  alledging  thiit  they  would  either  go  l)a:'k  with  what 
provisions  iliey  had,  or  if  they  must  go  forwar.l  they'd  r.ot  impirtany.  Col.  1-mos, 
tliough  [liej  voted  forprocc  ding,  yet  had  undoubtedly  prcengatrcd  to  the  contrary, 
IV8  every  action  demonstrated,  i'o  compel  them  to  ajust  division,  we  were  not  in  a 
situation,  Hs  being  till' weakest  j):irty.  l^xpo-^tulaiions  and  entreaties  bad  hitherto 
))Lcn  fiuitless.  Col.  I'-nos,  who  more  iinmediutely  commanded  the  division  of 
returners,  was  called  upon  to  give  positive  orders  for  a  small  quiintity,  if  no  more. 
He  replied  that  bis  men  weic  out  of  his  pnwcr,  anil  thai  they  had  determined  to 
keep  their  jiossessed  quantity  whether  thty  went  l)ack  or  forwar".  Tliey  finally  con- 
cluded to  spare  (us)  'Ji  baircls  of  flour,  if  determined  to  pursue  our  destination; 
adding  that  we  never  stioidd  be  able  to  bring  lin]  any  inliabitiints.  Thus  circum- 
stanced, we  were  left  the  alternative  of  accepting  their  hmall  pittance,  and  proceed, 
or  return.  The  former  was  adopted,  with  a  determined  resolution  to  go  through  or 
die.  Kcccived  it,  put  it  on  board  of  our  Ijoats,  quit  the  few  tents  we  were  in  pos- 
Bcssion  of,  with  all  other  camp  equiptige,  took  each  man  to  his  duds  on  his  back, 
bid  them  adieu,  and  away— passed  the  river;  passed  over  falls  and  encamped. 

Montfay,  30</i.— Cooking  being  very  much  out  of  fashion,  we  had  little  else  to  do 
thiin  march  asqnick  as  light  permitted;  lialf  an  hour  only  brought  us  to  a  water  which 
we  imagined  to  be  a  caeek  formed  by  the  lake;  laid  our  course  more  southwardly^ 
endeavoWng  to  go  round  it,>but  three  miles  march  evinced  our  mistake;  our  creelt 


68 


APPENDIX. 


I''';     ■   -f'i 


proved  to  be  a  river  of  four  roi!.-;  wide.  The  dcptli  and  width  of  this  river  rendered 
it  unfordatile,  nor  [was]  it  possible  to  form  a  bridge,  as  nothing  of  anj'  bigness 
grew  on  its  banks.  It  was  now  conjecturi'd  tiiis  river  tnadu  (nit  of  the  Alleghany 
chain  of  mountains,  which  we  liad  therefore  the  marching  round  it  impracticable. 
We  therefore  concluded  to  proceed  up  it  till  it  was  fordable.  We  had  not  gone  far 
before  wo  came  to  a  place  about  four  feet  deep,  which  we  immediately  forded, 
altliough  much  frozen  on  each  side.  This  Balneum  Frigidum  t^erved  to  exercise 
our  motion  in  order  to  keep  from  freezing.  Our  main  course  was  W.  N.  W.,  and 
only  varied  to  escape  the  bogs,  mountains,  small  ponds,  water  streams,  &c.,  of 
which  we  met  with  many.  This  was  the  third  day  wc  had  been  in  search  of  tlio 
Chaudiere,  who  were  only  seven  comjiutcd  miles  distant  the  28th  inst.  Nor  were 
we  possisscd  of  any  certainty  that  our  lourse  would  biing  us  cither  to  the  lake  or 
river,  not  knowing  the  point  it  lay  from  where  we  started.  However,  we  came  to 
a  resolution  to  continue  it.  In  this  state  of  uncertainty,  wo  wandered  through 
hideous  i-wauips  and  mountainous  precipices,  with  the  conjoint  addition  of  cold, 
wet  and  Itniiger,  i:ot  to  mention  our  fatigue— with  the  terrible  apprehension  of 
fami-hing  in  this  desert.  The  psetcndcd  pilot  was  not  less  frightctied  than  many  of 
the  rc.-t;  add<;d  to  that  the  severe  execrations  he  received,  from  the  front  of 
the  army  to  the  rea--,  made  his  ofHce  not  a  little  disatrreeable-  Several  of  the 
men  towards  evcniuf;;  were  ready  to  give  up  any  thoughts  of  ever  arriving  at  tlic 
desired  haven.  Hunger  and  fatigue  had  so  mucli  the  ascendency  over  many  of  tlie 
poor  tellows,  added  to  their  despair  of  arrival,  tliat  some  of  them  were  left  in  the 
river,  nor  were  heard  of  afterwards.  In  turn  with  Col.  Greene,  I  carried  the  com- 
pass the  greater  part  of  this  day.  In  this  comiition,  we  i)roceeded  with  as  little 
knowledge  of  where  we  were,  or  where  we  should  get  to,  as  if  we  had  l)een  in  the 
uiikiK.wn  interior  of  Africa,  or  the  deserts  of  Arabia.  Just  as  the  sun  was  depart- 
ing, we  brought  a  pond  or  lake,  which  linally  proved  to  be  Chauiliere,  and  soon  the 
small  foot-path  made  by  the  other  division  (  f  the  army,  whose  choice  turned  to 
their  account.  Our  arrival  here  was  succeeded  with  tlirce  huzzas,  and  then  came 
to  our  encampment. 

Tkcm/c//,  .^ls^  —  The  appci'.rance  of  daylight  roused  us  as  usual,  and  we  had 
advanced  with  all  possible  speed  till  about  II  o'clock,  eie  we  saw  the  Chaadiero 
river,  which  we  last  night  imugined  within  a  mile.  Animated  afresh  with  the  siglit 
ol' a  stream,  wiiich  we  very  well  knew  would  conduct  us  into  the  inhabitants  if  our 
strength  (ontiiiued,  we  proceided  -with  ret, cued  vifor.  'I  he  empiying  of  the  Chau- 
diere is  beautiful,  atid  lormcd  a  very  agreeable  ascent,  tliongli  the  >ticain  is  some- 
wbnt  rapid.  The  laud  was  now  much  descending,  yet  very  dilliculi  travelling. 
The  spruce,  cedar  and  hemlock  were  ilie  chief  growth  of  the  earth,  and  these  were 
in  t»>leralile  plenty,  almost  impenetrably  so  in  many  places.  We  iiow  began  to  dis- 
cover the  wrecked  batteaux  of  those  who  conducteil  the  amtnuTdtion,  &e.  These 
were  seven  in  number,  who  followed  the  seven  mile  stream  into  the  Chaudiere  lake, 
river,  &c.,  and  soon  came  to  an  encampment,  where  I  found  Capt.  Morgan  and 
mi  St  of  the  boatmen  who  were  wrecked  upon  a  fail  in  the  river,  losing  everything 
except  their  lives,  which  they  all  saved  by  swimming,  except  one  of  Morgan's  rifle- 
men. This  was  the  lirst  umn  drowned  in  all  the  dangers  we  were  exposed  to,  and 
the  third  [lost]  by  casualties,  except  (■ome  lost  in  the  wilderness,  tlio  number 
unknown.  At  this  encniiipm(nt  was  Lieut-  McClcland,  of  Morgan's  company, 
almost  expiring  with  a  violent  pcripneumoniti.  Necessaries  were  di-tributed  as 
much  as  possible,  with  two  lads  of  the  company  in  charge  of  him.  Nor  was  this 
poor  fellow  the  only  one  left  sick  upon  this  river.  Liie  depending  upon  a  vigorous 
push  for  the  inhabitant^,  and  that  did  not  admit  of  any  stay  for  any  person;  nor 
could  the  two  lads  have  been  prevailed  upon  had  not  provisions  been  dealt  out  suf- 
licieiit  to  conduct  tUeju  to  the  inbabiiunis,  wiili  the  promising  tc  jend  them  relief 


\ 


APPENDIX. 


69 


as  soon  rs  possible  from  the  settlements,  h,  this  general  wrcek,  my  medicine  box 
sufftrcd  t!ie  fate  of  the  rest,  willi  a  set  of  capitiil  instruments,  &c.  Thout;li  little 
was  to  l)c  feared  from  either  my  chirurffical  apparatus  or  plivsical  potions,  I  had, 
however,  a  few  ncc■es^aries  in  that  way  m  my  knnjjsuck,  &<•.,  with  a  h\nret  in  my 
pocket,  whicb  enabled  me  at  least  to  comply  witli  the  Sangradoine  method. 

On  the  8tli  of  November,  Dr.  Senter  reached  Point  Levi,  and  soon 
after  crossed  the  river  with  the  aiiny,  which  advanced  to  tlie  Plains  of 
Abraliam,  and  on  tlie  IHth  fell  back  to  Point  Aux-Trembles,  to  await 
the  arrival  of  General  IMoritgoniery.  When  the  army  advanced  to 
Quebec,  and  an  assault  ui)on  the  city  had  been  planned,  Dr.  Senter 
solicited  Coloi.el  Arnold  for  permission  to  lead  a  company  whose  Cap- 
tain was  absen';,  and  which,  on  that  account,  it  was  supposed  would 
tarry  behind.     7\)  this  application, the  following  answer  was  returned: 

"  Dear  Sir.— I  am  much  obli^jed  to  you  for  your  offer,  and  t^lad  to  sec  you  so 
spirited,  but  canifOt  consent  you  should  take  up  arms,  as  you  will  t)e  wanted  in  the 
Wiiy  of  your  profession,  i'ou  will  plense  to  pn  pare  dressintrs,  &c. ,  nnd  repair  to 
the  main  guuid  house  at  2  o'clock  in  the  morning,  with  an  assistant 

I  am  in  haste,  yours, 

■  B.  Arnold,  Col. 

Dr.  Senter, 
27  Dee.,  1775." 

TlH>ugh  disappointed  in  his  patriotic  purpose,  the  Doctor  found 
ample  scope  for  his  s<'rvices  in  the  hospital,  and  singularly  enough,  the 
first  subject  of  his  professional  skill  was  Colonel  Arnold  himself. 

The  small  pox,  which  early  appeared  in  the  army,  still  extensively 
prevailed,  and  after  the  army  fell  back  to  Sorel,  Dr.  Senter  was 
ordered  by  General  Thoma.s  to  Monfieal,  to  erect  a  Hospital  for  the 
reception  of  patieits.  On  applying  to  General  Arnold,  he  obtained  a 
fine  capacious  house  belonging  to  the  East  India  Company,  capable  of 
accommodating  about  six  hundred  persons.  The  only  precautionary 
measure  known  at  that  time  was  innoculation,  which  had  not  as  yet 
become  po[iular.  Dr.  Senicr,  for  personal  safely  and  perhaps  tus  an 
example  to  the  men,  had  already  had  the  varioloifi  matter  transferred 
into  his  arm,  and  innoculation  became  general.  An  entire  regiment  at 
a  class  went  through  the  operation  together,  and  had  the  disease  so 
mildly  that   they  were  able  to  do  garrison  duty  during  the  whole  time. 

On  retiring  from  the  army,  in  1779,  Dr.  Senter  c;  tublished  himself 
as  a  physician  in  the  town  of  Cranston,  11.  I.  About  this  time  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  General  Assembly  from  that  town,  and 
afterwards  was  appointed  Surgeon  rw\  Physician  Gt-neral  of  the  State. 
Subsequently  he  removed  to  Newport,  where  he  continued  the  practice 
of  his  profession  under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  as  tdmost  all 
the  old  physicians  had  either  died  or  emigrated  during  (he  war.     He 


70 


APPENDIX. 


became  eminent  not  only  as  an  industrious  and  successful  practitioner, 
but  also  as  the  author  of  several  essays  on  professional  subjects,  which 
appeared  in  the  medical  publications  of  the  day,  and  added  greatly  to 
his  reputation  at  home  and  in  Europe.  He  was  elected  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Societies  of  Edinburg  and 
London,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Soci- 
ety. Among  his  j)upils  were  Dr.  Danforth,  "  the  Medical  Hercules  " 
of  Boston,  and  Dr.  Wateriiouse,  the  accomplished  botanist,  profess,  ; 
and  writer,  and  wiio  introduced  vaccination  into  America. 

Dr.  Senter  married  Eliza  Arnold,  daughter  of  Captain  Rhodes 
Arnold,  of  Pawtuxet,  R.  I.  He  had  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  The 
eldest  son,  Plorace  Gates,  was  a  physician  of  eminence,  and  was  for 
some  time  in  the  Hospitals  of  London.  His  second  son,  Nathaniel 
Greene,  was  several  years  in  the  East  India  Service.  His  third  son 
was  Edward  Gibson,  also  a  student  of  medicine.  His  fourth  son, 
Ciiarh's  Ciiurchill,  died  at  the  age  of  17  years,  His  eldest  daughter, 
Eliza  Antoinette,  married  Rev.  Nathan  Bourne  Crocker,  D.I).,  for 
more  than  half  a  century  the  honored  Rector  of  St.  John's  Church,  in 
the  City  of  Providence.  His  second  daughter,  Sarah  Ann,  married 
Clement  S.  Hunt,  of  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

B"'or  several  years  I  >r.  Senter  was  Presid»mt  of  the  Society  of  Cin- 
cinnati of  Rhode  Lsland.  In  person  he  was  tall  end  well  proportioned, 
and  possessing  great  mus^'ular  strength.  In  his  manners  he  was  bland, 
dignified,  and  social.  The  late  Rev.  Dr.  William  Ellery  Channing 
mentions  him  as  "  a  physician  of  extensive  practice,  who  was  thought 
to  unite  with  great  experience  a  rare  genius  in  his  profession,  and 
whose  commanding  figure  rises  before  me  at  the  distance  of  forty-five 
years,  as  a  specimen  of  manly  beauty,  worthy  the  chisel  of  a  Grecian 
sculptor."  In  the  height  of  his  reputatiou  and  usefulness,  he  was 
attacked  with  a  disorder,  caused  by  the  severity  of  his  professional 
labors,  which  terminated  his  life,  to  the  great  regret  of  hii^  fellow-citi- 
zens, on  the  21st  day  of  December,  1799,  at  the  age  of  forty-six  years. 
His  Journal  of  the  P^xpedition  against  Quebec,  which  has  been  freely 
used  in  the  preceding  pages,  was  published  by  the  Penn«iylvania  His- 
torical Society  in  1846,  and  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  memorials  of 
the  scenes  it  records. 

Simeon  Thayer,  son  of  David  and  Jane  Keith  Thayer,  was  born 
in  Mendon,  Mass.,  April  30, 1737.  His  brothers  and  sisters  were  Jean, 
David,  Susanna,  George,  Faithful,  Jemima,  Mary  and  Elizabeth. 
I)avid  Thayer,  the  father,  was  the  grandson  of  Ferdiuaudo,  the  son  of 


'^- 


APPENDIX. 


71 


Thomas,  who  came  early  to  New  England  with  Margory  his  wife. 
Ferdinando  married  Huldah  Hay  ward,  of  Braintree,  Mass.,  Jan.  14, 
1G52.  He  lived  in  that  town  until  after  his  father's  decease,  wiien  he 
removed  to  Mendon  with  a  Colony  from  Braintree  and  Weymouth. 
;  Simeon,  the  suhject  of  this  notice,  was  apprenticed  to  a  Peruke-ma- 
ker, probably  in  Providence.  His  bold  and  decided  nature  loved 
adventure,  and  it  is  not  surprising  that  we  find  him,  in  1756,  a  memhor 
of  a  Rhode  Island  regiment,  serving  in  the  P^-ench  War.  In  1757,  he 
served  in  the  Massachusetts  line,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Fry,  and 
was  principally  in  the  Rangers,  under  Rogers.  He  was  j)ersonally  in 
three  engagements  with  the  Indians,  in  each  of  which  many  of  the 
Rangers  were  killed.  In  August  of  the  same  year,  he  was  in  Fort 
William  Henry,  when  taken  by  Montcalm,  whicli  surrtndcied  on  the 
morning  of  the  7th  day  from  the  comm<mcement  of  the  siege.  After 
being  detained  twenty  hours  he,  with  the  rest  of  the  garrison,  was  dis- 
armed and  stripped  of  all  his  clothes,  leaving  him  with  only  an  under 
waistcoat.  As  he  was  passing  down  the  road  near  Bloody  Pond,  he 
was  attacked  by  an  Indian,  wlio  seized  him  by  the  back  of  his  waist- 
coat collar  with  the  right  Iiand  and  dragged  him  tovards  a  swamp  on 
the  left,  about  twelve  or  fifteen  rods.  His  captor  held  in  his  left  liand 
a  tomahawk  and  scalping  knife.  Tliayer's  shoulder,  as  the  Indian  was 
forcing  him  along,  struck  against  a  small  tree,  wliicli  stopped  him.  His 
waistcoat  broke  open  and  slipped  off",  wiiieh,  as  the  Indian  was  pidling 
with  main  strength,  precipitated  him  upon  tlie  earth,  at  some  distance. 
Thayer  being  thus  disengaged,  ran  into  the  woods,  where  he  joined  the 
rest  of  the  t  (lops.  In  passing  on,  the  road  being  crowded,  he  with  a 
companion  took  a  path  called  the  jjlank  guard  patii.  Tliey  soon  per- 
ceived an  Indian  with  a  tomahawk  pursuing  them.  They  both  ran, 
and  coming  to  a  tree  that  had  been  blown  up  by  the  roots,  he  crept 
under,  while  his  companion,  endeavoring  to  leap  over,  was  struck  by 
the  tomahawk,  thrown  with  unerring  skill,  and  was  killed.  Thayer 
made  his  escape  once  more,  by  ruiming  round  the  top  of  the  tree,  and 
in  an  hour  or  two  reached  Fort  Edward.  The  excessive  fatigue  of 
running  so  great  a  distance  in  a  short  time,  in  intensely  hot  weather, 
brought  on  an  inflammation  which  imivired  his  health  for  many  years, 
and  prevented  his  entering  the  service   igain  during  the  war.* 

*Captnin  Jonathan  Carvek,  a  native  of  Oonnecticat,  and  who  coinmiindeil  a 
company  of  Provincial  tioopa  in  the  "  French  war,"  wiis  at  Fort  William  Henry 
as  a  volunteer  during  this  siege,  and  thus  desciil)es  the  scenes  that  followed  the 
capitulation: 

"  In  consideration  of|  llio  truUant  defence  the  garrison  had  made,  they  were  to  1)0 
permitted  to  march  out  with  all  the  honors  of  war,  to  be  allowed  covered  wflggons 


72 


APPENDIX. 


% 


On  roturnlnp  to  ProvicJence,  younp;  Thayer  probably  bv  ttled  down 
in  the  business  to  which  he  had  been  bred,  as  the  registry  of  deeds 
6how,s  that  ill  17(51,  "Simeon  Tiuiyer,  Periwig-malcei,"  purchiised  an 
estate  on  "Stamper's  Hill,*' of  M-irgaret  Smith,  wea%'er,  for  £2100, 
"old  tenor."  The  same  year  he  was  married.  The  events  that  transpired 
bet-veen  this  date  and  the  first  resistance  to  Brit'sh  tyranny,  on 
the  waters  of  Rhode  Island  in  1772,  were  well  calculated  to  raise  the 
blood  of  Tnayer  to  a  fever-lieat  of  patriotism,  and  pre[)ar«  him  for  the 
step  he  subsequently  look.  When  the  design  of  Britain  made  it  nec- 
essary for  the  Colonies  to  arm  for  their  defence,  he  was  an  olncer  in  a 
cliartert'd  company  of  Grenadiers  in  Providence.  His  zeal  for  the 
public  welfare  and  the  reputation  he  had  acquired  as  a  friend  to  liberty, 


to  traninort  their  baggage  to  Fort  Edward,  and  a  suard  to  protect  them  from  the 
fury  of  tlio  savaji-os. 

The  niorniny:  after  the  '•upitulation  was  signed,  as  soon  as  day  broke,  the  whole 
(iarrisoii,  now  coiisistii  ;ii'r about  two  thousand  men,  bi'sjide.s  women  and  children, 
were  drawn  up  within  the  lines,  and  on  the  point  of  nmrehiiig  off,  whet,  great  num- 
bers of  tlie  Indians  gathered  about,  and  began  to  plumler.  We  were  at  first  in 
hopes  tliat  this  was  liieir  cnly  view,  and  -^ulfored  iliein  to  proceed  without  opposi- 
tion. Indeed  '\*  wms  not  in  our  p'-wer  to  make  any,  had  we  bjcn  so  inclined;  for 
though  Wi,'  were  periniited  to  carry  off  our  arms,  yet  we  were  not  allowed  a  single 
round  of  ammunition.  In  these  hopes  liowevcr  wc  were  disappointcil;  for  presently 
some  of  them  began  to  attaeli  the  sick  and  wounded,  when  such  as  were  not  able  to 
crawl  into  the  ranks,  iiotwiihstanding  they  cndeavoreu  to  avert  the  fury  of  their 
enemies  by  their  shrieks  or  groa.is,  were  .soon  dispatched. 

Hero  we  were  fully  in  expectation  that  the  disturbance  would  have  concluded, 
and  our  little  army  began  to  move;  ))ut  in  a  short  time  we  saw  the  front  division 
driven  back,  and  discovered  that  we  were  cntirtdy  encircled  liy  the  savages.  We 
expecied  cviry  inoiiiLiit  that  the  guaid,  which  the  French  by  the  article.-'  ofcapitu- 
latiou,  iirtd  agreed  to  allow  us,  would  have  arrived,  and  put  .in  end  to  our  nppre- 
hensioiis;  but  none  appeared.  The  Indians  now  began  to  strip  every  one  without 
exception  of  their  arms  and  clothes,  and  those  who  made  the  least  resistance  felt 
the  weiiiht  of  their  tt)inaht<wks. 

I  happemil  Id  be  in  the  r  ur  divis'on,  but  it  was  not  long  before  I  .shared  tlie  fate 
of  my  companions.  Threj  or  four  of  the  savages  laid  hold  of  ine,  and  whiisi  some 
hold  their  wcap'ins  over  my  head,  tlio  others  soon  (lisrol)e(l  nie  of  my  coat,  waist- 
e(<at.  iiut  and  bucklch,  omitting  not  to  take  t'roin  iiie  what  money  I  had  in  my 
pocket.  As  this  was  transacted  close  by  the  pa.s.sago  tluit  led  from  the  lines  oii  j 
the  plain,  mar  which  a  rrem  h  sentin,  I  was  posted,  I  ran  to  him  and  claimed  nis 
proteeii  in;  liut  he  oidj  <•  illed  me  an  iCnglish  dog,  and  thrust  me  with  violonee  back 
again  into  tlie  midst  of  tlie  Indians. 

I  now  endc.ivoietl  to  join  a  fiody  of  our  troops  thn:  wore  crowded  together  at 
some  distttiici';  but  innumeiable  were  the  blows  that  were  mnde  ai  me  with  diffenvit 
weapon*  tt'?  I  pn.sged  on;  luckily  liowevcr  ..  savages  wore  bo  close  together  that 
they  coulil  no;  strike  ivt  me  without  endangering  tacli  other.  Notwithstanding 
which  one  of  llurn  f^uiiil  means  to  make  i!  thrust  at  nie  wiih  a  spear,  which  tni«(d 
my  side  ai.d  fioi  >  aiioiln'r  I  received  a  W(Miiid,  with  the  same  kind  of  weapon,  in 
my  ancle.    At  length  I  ((oinod  the  spot  wboio  uiy  countrymen  stood,  and  forced 


' 


\ 


\     V, 


SmKfSflS^'aR 


APPENDIX. 


73 


(ate 
sonio 
wiusi- 
iiiy 
III  J 
I  iiiB 
buck 

riat 

■ll'!>t 

I  hut 
iKling 
;ni«i;d 
uii,  in 
"oreed 


pointed  him  ont  as  a  suitable  person  to  be  trusted,  and  in  May,  1775, 
he  was  accordingly  appointed  a  Capta-n  by  tl'3  General  Assembly- 
Three  d;tys  after  his  appointmi-nt,  lie  had  (•omi)lete(niis  v^ompany,  hav- 
ing enlisted  every  man  himself.  On  Sunday,  the  19th  of  May,  an 
express  arrived  from  near  Boston,  staling  that  the  British  were  march- 
ing out  to  Dorchester,  to  burn  some  buildiniis.  In  two  hours'  time, 
Thayer  assei'.".'.)U;d  his  company,  dealt  out  their  arms,  ammunition 
blankets,  &c.,  and  marched  with  every  man.  He  was  met  nine  miles 
from  town  by  nn  express,  and  inrbrmed  that  the  British  had  returned 
into  Boston,  and  as  it  was  then  late,  he  halted  and  took  up  his  quarters 
in  Attleborough  meeting  house  for  that  night.  The  next  day  he  pro- 
ceeded on  to   Roxbury,  where  he  arrived  eight  d.iys  before  any  other 


myself  into  the  midst  of  tliem.  Hut  before  I  p-ot  thus  far  out  of  the  hands  of  tlie 
In(li;in«,  the  collnr  ;uiil  wristbands  of  my  sliirt  wore  nl'  that  remained  of  it,  and  my 
fle-h  was  scratcliod  anil  toni  in  many  jilaces  l)y  their  t-avnjre  gripes. 

By  tliis  time  tlie  war  wlioop  was  itiveii,  and  tiie  luiiiaiis  l)i.'fran  to  murder  those 
tliat  were  nrarcft  to  tlicni  wliliout  disiinctinn.  It  is  not  in  the  power  of  vords  to 
pive  any  colond)le  idea  of  the  iiorrid  seeiic  tliat  now  c^'nsurd;  men,  women  and 
cliddren  were  dispaiclied  "'.n  the  most  wanton  and  eruel  manner,  and  immediately 
gealpcd.  Many  ol'  tliese  savasjes  dranic  tlie  Itlood  of  tlieir  vH'tinis,  as  it  flowed  warm 
from  tlie  fatal  wound. 

We  'low  perceived,  thouirh  too  late  to  avail  ns,  that  we  were  to  expect  no  relief 
ft-om  the  Freiii  h;  and  that,  cautrary  to  the  api-oemeiu  they  had  so  lately  ^ifrnell  to 
allow  us  a  sufflcieiit  force  to  protect  U3  from  these  insults,  they  tacitly  ponnitted 
them;  for  I  cuuM  plainly  perceive  the  French  ntlliers  walkimr  about  at  sioine  dis- 
tance, discoursing'  tOL'ctlier  witli  appireu'  lOK'oii'cni.  For  the  lioinrr  of  human 
nature  I  would  hope  that  tills  flacrant  breacli  of  evcrv  sacred  law  proceeded  rather 
from  the  savaije  disposition  of  the  Indians,  whi 'h  I  acknowledge  it  is  sotnL'timcs 
almost  impossible  to  cr)ntrol,  ard  which  mi:il;t  now  unexpectedly  have  arrived  to  a 
pilch  not  easily  to  lie  restrained,  than  to  any  premeditated  de>ij,'n  In  the  Fivnch 
commander.  An  unprejudiced  oliscrver  would,  liowevcr,  be  apt  to  conclude,  that 
a  body  often  thousand  troops,  mostly  christian  troops,  had  it  in  their  power  to  pre- 
vent the  massacre  from  becoming  so  general.  Hut  whatever  was  the  cause  fiom 
which  it  arose,  the  consequences  of  it  w  tc  dreaill'nl,  and  not  to  be  paralleled  in 
moilcrn  history. 

As  the  circle  in  which  I  stood  enclosed  by  ttii.s  time  was  much  thinned,  and  death 
gocmed  to  be  appioaehinif  with  hasty  strides,  it  was  proposed  by  (.ome  of  tho  moit 
resolute  to  make  one  visrorous  effort,  and  endi-avor  to  force  our  way  throuuh  the 
savaites,  the  only  pidhable  method  of  preservinir  our  lives  that  now  rcmaiiieil.  This, 
however  desperate,  wag  resolved  on,  and  about  twenty  of  us  spruntr  at  once  Into 
the  miilst  of  them. 

In  n  moment  wo  were  .ill  separated,  and  what  was  the  fate  of  my  oompaidons  I 
could  nor  learn  till  :iomo  months  after,  when  I  found  that  only  six  or  seven  of  them 
effected  their  deslijrn.  Intent  oidv  on  my  own  liMzardnus  situ  iriuti,  I  endeavore  I  to 
make  my  way  throiiLrh  ray  savaac  enemies  in  the  best  tnumer  possible.  And  I 
have  often  been  astonishwl  since,  when  I  ha.'e  rei'ollecteil  wfth  what  coinposnro  I 
took,  as  I  did,  every  lu'ce-sary  step  for  my  presirvati  >n.  Some  I  ovcrtiirne  I,  bidim 
at  that  time  younu  and  atl  'etic,  and  others  (  passed  by,  dexterously  avoldinit  their 

10 


wimm 


74 


APPENDIX. 


troop3  fi  0111  Rhode  Island.  On  the  20th  of  September  be  was  chosen 
to  accompany  Arnold  in  his  nK'morable  march  by  the  way  of  the  Ken- 
nebec river  to  Quebec, and  in  the  unsuccesstul  attack  on  the  town  was, 
with  many  other  oflicers  and  soldiers,  made  prisoner,  lie  was  kept 
closely  confined  for  nine  months,  part  of  that  time  in  irons,  on  board  a 
pri,^on  ship,  before  he  was  admitted  to  parole.  In  September,  1776, 
he  retnrned  to  Providence. 

On  the  1st  of  July,  1777,  Captain  Thayer  was  exchanged,  and  in  the 
same  month  the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island  ordered  a  ''genteel 
silver  hilted  sword  "  to  be  presented  to  him  as  a  testimony  of  their 
sense  of  his  services.  In  anticipation  of  his  exchange,  the  General 
Assembly  had,  iii   February  preceding,  appointed  him  Major  in  one 


weapons;  till  at  last  two  very  stout  chiefs,  of  the  most  savage  tril)C8,  as  Iconkl  dis- 
tinguish hy  their  dress,  whv/se  siiei);^ih  I  could  not  resist,  laid  bold  of  me  by  each 
urtn,  and  bcfjan  to  force  lae  tlirough  the  crowd. 

I  now  resigned  mytelf  to  my  fate,  not  doubting  hut  that  they  intended  to  dispatch 
me,  and  then  to  satiate  their  venfieuwce  with  my  blood,  iis  I  found  they  were  hurry- 
injr  me  towards  a  retired  swamp  that  lay  at  some  distance.  Uut  (jefore  wc  had  got 
many  yards,  an  English  gentleman  of  some  di>tinctioti,  as  I  could  discover  by  his 
lireechcs,  the  only  coveriny:  he  liad  on,  which  were  of  fine  scarlet  velvet,  rushed 
close  by  us.  l)ne  of  the  Indians  Instantly  relinquished  his  liold,  and  springing  on 
this  new  object,  endeavored  to  seize  liim  us  his  pr>y;  l)ut  tlie  gentleman  being 
stronir,  threw  liim  on  the  ground,  and  wouUl  probaoly  have  got  awi.)',  had  not  he 
who  held  my  other  arm,  quitted  me  to  assist  his  brother.  I  seized  the  opportunity, 
and  hastened  away  to  join  another  party  of  English  tioops  that  were  yet  luibroken, 
and  stood  in  a  body  at  some  distance.  Uut  before  I  had  taken  many  steps,  I  liastily 
east  my  eye  towards  the  j^entleman,  and  siiw  the  Indian's  tcmahawk  gash  into  his 
back  aiid  heard  him  utter  his  last  groan;  ilds  added  boiii  to  my  speed  and  despera- 
tion. 

I  had  left  this  shocking  scene  but  a  few  yards,  wlien  a  fine  boy  about  twelve  years 
Ot  age,  that  luul  hitlierio  escaped,  came  up  to  mc,  and  begged  that  I  would  let  him 
lay  hold  of  me,  so  that  ho  might  stand  some  cliancu  of  getting  out  of  the  hands  of 
the  savages.  I  told  him  that  I  would  give  him  every  assistance  in  my  power,  and 
to  this  [.urpose  l(id  him  lay  hold;  but  in  a  few  luomonts  he  was  toin  from  my  side, 
and  by  Ids  shrlcKs  I  judge  was  soon  demolished.  I  coidd  not  help  forgetting  my 
own  cares  fur  a  minute,  to  lament  the  fate  of  so  young  a  .sud'erer;  but  it  was  utterly 
impossible  for  me  to  take  any  methods  to  prevent  it. 

I  now  got  once  more  into  the  midst  of  friends,  but  wc  were  unable  to  afford  each 
oilier  iiin  succor.  As  this  wns  thedivision  that  had  uilvaiu'cd  the  farthest  from  the 
foit,  1  thought  there  udght  be  a  posslbilliy  (ihough  but  a  bare  one)  of  my  foreint; 
m.v  way  through  the  outer  ranks  of  the  Indians,  and  getting  to  a  neighboring  wood, 
which  I  iiereeived  at  some  distance.  I  was  still  eticouraged  to  hope  by  the  almost 
miraeiildus  jiicMrvalion  1  had  already  experienced. 

Norweie  i  v  hopes  in  vain,  or  the  efforts  I  niiide  ineffeciiial.  Siittlcc  it  to  gay, 
that  I  rc'clied  the  wood;  but  by  the  time  I  had  pcin  trat"d  a  little  way  into  it,  my 
breath  was  s,)exhausletl  that  1  threw  myself  into  a  brake,  and  lay  for  some  nnnutus 
Hppiuetilly  at  the  last  gasp.  At  length  I  reeovered  the  power  of  respiration;  but 
my  i'|ipi(dieimions  reimned  with  all  tlieir  loriner  force,  when  (  saw  sevcial  savages 


\%  X 


\ 


APPENDIX. 


m 


of  the  Rhode  Island  regimpnts,  and  as  soon  as  circumstances  permitted, 
he  joined  the  army  and  marched  to  Red  l?ank.  Hen;  lie  was  detached 
with  loO  men  to  join  Colonel  Samuel  Smith,  tlnni  in  command  of  Fort 
Mifflin,  built  on  the  lower  end  of  ]Mud  I-land  in  the  Delaware,  lo  pre- 
vent the  passage  of  the  enemy's  vessels  up  the  river.  He  continued 
there  three  days,  until  the  Hessians  appeared  as  if  they  intended  an 
attack  on  Red  Bank,  when  he  received  an  express  from  Col.  Greene, 
ordering  him  to  return  with  his  troops,  which  ht;  immediately  diu,  and 
reached  tlie  fort  just  as  the  Hessians  appeared  in  sight.  I\Iajor  Thayer 
commanded  according  to  his  rank  during  the  action,  and  was  detached 
about  the  dusk  of  the  evening,  with  a  small  force  to  bring  in  the 
wounded.  As  he  w.is  employed  in  this  humane  service,  two  Hessian 
grenadiers  approached  and  told  him  that  their  commamling  of1i('er, 
Count  D(mop,  was  lying  wounded  in  the  edge  of  the  woods,  near  wiiere 
their  artillery  played.  Suspecting  an  attempt  \o  decoy  him  into  an 
ambuscade,  he  jdaced  them  under  guard,  telling  them  if  they  deceived 
him,  they  would  immediately  be  put  to  death;  to  this  they  readily 
assented,  and  conducted  him  to  the  place  where  they  found  the  Count 
lying  under  a  tree  mortally  wounded.  The  Count  asked  the  jMajor  if 
he  was  an  olRcer,  and  of  what  rank,  of  which  being  satisfied  he  surren- 
dered himself  a  prisoner.  Major  Thayer  caused  six  men  to  take  him 
in  a  blanket  iind  carry  him  with  all  possible  cure  to  the  fort,  where  he 
was  I'eiM'ived  by  Col.  Greene. 

Colonel  Smlili  counnanded  on  Mud  Island  from  the  latter  par*  of 
Sej)tember,  with  the  exception  of  n  few  days,  until  the  11th  of  Novem- 
ber, when,  1)eing  wounded  and  worn  down  with  fatigue,  his  request  to 
retire  from  the  fort  was  granted.      The  command  then  devolved  upon 


pass  l)y,  prol)!if)ly  in  pur-iiiit  of  me,  nt  ii')  very  prcHt  di^tnnce.  In  tliis  situation  I 
lincw  not  wlictlier  it  was  I)ettc'r  to  pmceoil,  or  ctidenvor  to  concinl  niyreIC  where  I 
lay,  till  ni;rlit  ciiiiic  on;  feniiiiir,  liowiver,  tfint  llicy  wonld  return  tlie  same  wiiy,  I 
tlioii^'iit  it  un>st  iirmleiit  to  yet  I'nrtlier  (nnn  tlie  ilreiiilfiil  seene  oT  my  ili-tressc>-. 
Aceordintrly,  J'triliiMi!:  into  miollier  piirt  of  tlio  wooil,  I  Imsteneil  on  iis  fust  ns  ttio 
briars  and  the  lo'»  of  one  of  my  allocs  would  permit  me;  iind  nftcr  a  slow  proi;ro'g 
of  some  hours,  pained  a  lilll  thiU  overlookeil  the  plain  which  I  had  Just  left,  from 
wlience  I  etiiild  di-cern  ili  it  the  liloody  storm  still  niixi-d  with  unalmted  fury. 

li.it  not  to  iir>'  my  readers,  I  sliall  only  a(..i,  tliat  utter  passing,'  threi-  days  witlioiit 
Bulisistenee,  and  ei.durinn  the  severity  of  the  eiild  dews  fur  three  nijihts,  I  at  length 
reached  Vort  Kdward;  wlieio  witli  proper  enre  my  hod."  foon  reeoverod  its  wonted 
8trc;ittli,  and  my  mind,  as  far  as  the  rceclleetlon  of  the  late  melaneholy  events 
wiilld  ji.Minit,  its  iisurl  eoniposuie. 

It  WHS  computed  timt  llftecn  hundreil  persons  were  Isilled  or  made  prisKiicrs  hy 
these  sHvnsjes  dnrinsj  this  fatal  <lfly.  Many  of  the  latter  were  car-ieil  otF  hy  them 
ftnd  never  returned.  A  few,  through  favorrhle  aeeldents,  found  their  way  Imek  to 
iheir  native  country,  after  having  oxporleneod  n  lonK  and  severe  <;Bptlvity." 


70 


APPENDIX. 


rsf- 


w 


Lieutenant  Colonel  Russell,  of  the  Connecticut  line,  an  amiable,  sensi- 
ble man,  and  an  cxcelknt  officer,  but  being  exhausted  by  fatigue,  and 
broken  down  in  health,  he  rtque.-ted  to  be  recalled.  The  Commander- 
in-Chief,  his  Excellency  General  Washington,  had  no  idea  of  hold- 
ing the  place  through  the  campaign,  but  wished  to  retard  the  ope- 
rations of  the  enemy  until  the  main  army  should  be  re-inforced  by  the 
Jlassachusetts  brigade,  marching  from  the  conquest  of  Saratoga,  when 
he  would  be  in  sutricient  force  to  cover  the  country,  or  to  meet  the 
enemy's  whole  force  in  the  field.  Upon  the  12th  of  November,  he 
signified  his  orders  to  the  commanding  General,  at  Woodberry,  on  the 
Jersey  side,  who  had  the  direction  of  all  the  forces  below  Philadelphia, 
to  defend  the  island  as  long  as  j)Ossible  without  sacrificing  the  garrison. 
To  defend  it  was  absolutely  impossible,  unless  the  siegi^  could  be  raised 
by  an  attack  upon  the  besiegers  from  the  main  aiiny.  This  was 
deemed  impracticable  by  a  general  cotmcil  of  war,  and  tlier<  lore  not 
farlher  considered  as  an  ultimate  object.  Nothing  could  then  present 
itself  to  a  relieving  ollicer,  fully  informed  of  all  the  circumstances,  but 
certain  death,  or  an  improbable  e-cape,  without  the  possibility  of  con- 
tending upon  .'(pial  terms.  The  love  of  our  country  may  lead  us  to 
the  field  of  battle,  ambition  may  lure  us  to  |)articular  enterprises,  but 
magnaniniily  alone  can  soar  above  every  danger  !  The  couimanding 
Genera)  could  not  detach  an  ollicer  in  rotation;  his  rea.-ons  were  insu- 
perable. In  II  moment  so  critical,  when  everything  dear  to  his  feelinga 
required  an  inunediale  decision,  hapjiy  for  him,  and  more  happy  for 
the  United  States,  Major  Thayer  presented  himself  as  a  volunteer  \ 
The  ofJer  was  nciiptcd  with  inexpressible  ^satisfaction  ;  and  from  the 
rjth  to  the  morning  of  the  ICilh  of  November,  he  defchded  the  Island 
with  the  greatest  address,  against  a  furious  and  almost  continued  can- 
nonade and  bombardment  from  a  variety  of  hatteriea  at  small  distances. 
The  defences  at  hest  were  trifling;  the  place  itself  was  ill  chosen. 
I  log  li-hmd  and  Hilliiigspost  iiwiead  of  Mud  Island  an<l  Red  Rank. 
Rut  on  the  morning  of  the  liUii,  the  whole  Hriti;  li  force  was  displayed 
from  their  laiid  batteries  and  their  shipping  in  the  river.  The  small 
garrison  sustnin'd  i.nd  lepelled  the  shock  with  astonishing  intrepidity, 
for  several  hours,  as>i-ted  from  our  galleys  ami  batteries  on  the  Jersey 
shore.  By  the  uiiddle  of  the  day,  these  defences  were  levided  with  the 
common  inu<l.and  thi'  gallant  ollicers  and  men  philosophically  expected 
each  other's  fate  in  the  njidst  of  carnage. 

The  grenadiers  and  li^ht  infantry  of  the  Rrilish  were  paraded  on 
the  o|)|)o>ite  .>-bore,  and  tie  Vigilant,  an  Indiaman.cut  down  to  u  battery 
of  twenty  tweiity-f'>ur  pounders  on  one  side,  lay  within  twenty  jards  of 


\  •> 


APPENDIX. 


n 


for 
er ! 

tlie 
and 

HIl- 

rices. 
en. 
ink. 

tV<'(i 
IMilll 

lily, 

rs.-y 
tlio 
m\ 

L'd  ou 

iitt'iy 
rds  of 


the  troops.  The  attack  was  incessant.  Two  attempts  from  our  galleys 
were  unsuccessfully  made  to  board  the  Vigilant.  The  commanding 
General  was  determined  to  fight  the  enemy  on  the  Island  if  the  Vigi- 
lant could  be  taken.  She  could  not ;  and  nothing  remained  but  to 
secure  the  garrison,  whose  distance  fron.  the  enemy  on  both  sides  was 
not  half  so  far  as  from  the  body  of  his  troops  upon  the  shore.  Di  .ing 
this  day  more  than  one  thousand  and  thirty  discharges  of  cannon  from 
twelve  and  thirty-two  pounders  were  made  in  twenty  minutes.  Such  a 
day  America  never  saw  till  then  !  Early  in  the  evening  of  the  15th, 
Major  Thayer  disitatehed  all  his  garrison,  less  than  three  hundred  in 
number,  to  the  shore,  excepting  forty,  with  whom  he  remained,  braving 
death  itself.  At  twelve  at  night,  between  the  loth  and  IGtii,  the  bar- 
racks were  fired,  all  the  military  stores  having  previously  been  sent 
away,  and  the  Major  and  liis  brave  companions,  he  being  the  last  from 
the  scene  of  slaughter,  arrived  at  Red  Dank,  to  the  joy  and  astonirhraent 
of  all  the  army.* 

Th(!  first  principal  battle  in  1778  was  fought  by  Washington  ft 
Monmouth,  N.  J.,  June  '2S,  a  day  of  intense  heat,  and  made  memorable 
by  the  reprimand  of  Lee  and  the  gallant  conduct  of  Mary  Pitcher,  the 
wit}}  of  an  American  artillery-man,  who>e  j)!ace  she  took  when  he  All 
wounded.  In  this  battle  Major  Thayer  participated,  being  then  under 
Col.  Sylla.  He  was  detached  with  Gen.  Scott  to  watch  the  motions  of 
tin'  enemy,  and  on  the  evening  betore  the  aetion  the  detachment  of 
Scott  was  ordered  to  join  the  army.  In  this  battle.  Major  Thayer 
undeiweiit  great  fatigue.  .Sylla's  regiment,  by  particular  leave  of  Gen- 
eral Washiugtcn,  marched  to  attack  the  enemy,  who  appealed  on  the 
h'ft  of  the  American  army,  and  drove  them  through  a  morass.  In 
this  move-nent,  the  Major  experienced  in  his  head  a  wind-concussion, 
by  the  near  passage  of  a  cannon  ball,  which  caused  the  blood  to  gush 
from  both  his  eyes.  Ralljing  from  the  shock,  he  tied  a  handkerchief 
over  his  face,  and  continued  at  liis  post  all  night.  Tiie  effect  of  the 
concussion  was  to  destroy  his  right  eye.  The  next  day  he  joined  his 
Brigade,  and  being  in  excessive  pain,  he  obtained  leave  to  return  to 
iUorristown  until  he  (should  recover. 


•General  Knox,  wiiiinn  to  Colonol  Lamb,  says,  "  The  (left-nee  of  Fint  Mifflin  was 

us  iritlliint  US  is  ti)  l)e  (iniiid  in  history TIid  l)ruve  liitic  ^riiriison,  then 

eominundcd  liv  Mnjor  Tliayer,  of  ilie  Hlindo  Islund  troops,  liad  l)Ut  two  cuiinon  Imt 
what,  wort)  disnionniod.  'I'hi'se  noon  diHrcd  the  fiite  of  the  oi tiers.  I". very  Imdy  who 
nppeanul  or  the  piutform  was  idiled  or  v.ouiided,  l)y  the  musketry  from  the  tops 
of  the  stiips,  wliose  ynrds  iilinost  hnnp  over  ihe  Imttery.  Long  liefoie  iii^iht  there 
W118  not  a  single  pulisiide  left.  Al!  the  einlmisiires  ruined,  n.id  the  whole  pniapct 
levelled.    All  the  hloek  houses  Imd  been  battued  down  some  diiys  before.  ' 


warn 


78 


APPENDIX. 


rt" 


Major  Thayer  remained  at  Morristown  five  weeks  before  he  so  far 
recovered  as  to  be  able  to  attend  to  duty.  In  the  mean  time,  his  regi- 
ment liad  been  ordered  to  Khode  Island,  to  support  Gen.  Sullivan. 
Thither  he  followed,  hoping  to  be  in  season  to  render  service,  and 
arrived  three  days  before  the  General  retreated  from  the  Island. 

During  the  year  1779,  Major  Thayer  was  actively  engaged  in 
superintending  enlistments,  and  in  other  ways  promoting  the  interests 
of  the  Continental  army.  In  December  of  that  year  he  went  by  order 
of  the  General  Assembly  to  headquarters  in  New  Jersey,  to  transact 
business  for  the  State.  For  the  expenses  of  this  journey  £200  were 
provided,  and  also  a  horse  for  the  orderly  who  accompanied  him.  In 
1780,  he  was  Major  in  Colonel  Angell's  regiment  in  New  Jersey.  At 
Springfield  the  regiment  was  stationed  at  the  bridge,  when  the  enemy 
attacked  that  place.  On  that  occasion  he  was  posted  in  the  centre, 
with  orders  to  watch  the  motions  of  the  enemy,  and  give  intelligence 
to  the  commander  of  each  wing.  This  post  he  sustained  under  four 
different  attacks,  and  passed  the  road  in  front  and  escaped  four  dilier- 
ent  times  during  the  heavy  fire,  within  pistol  shot.  When  the  regiment 
was  forced  to  quit  the  ground  INIajor  Thayer  commanded  the  rear,  was 
the  last  to  leave  the  field,  and  joined  Gen.  Greene  on  Rocky  Hill. 
After  the  enemy  retreated.  Gen.  Stark,  who  tlien  commanded  the  brig- 
ade to  which  the  Major  belonged,  requested  that  he  would  follow  the 
enemy's  rear,  and  make  wliat  discoveries  he  could  of  their  motions. 
This  request  he  complied  with,  and  followed  alone  on  horseback,  keep- 
ing in  sight  of  them  until  they  crossed  J^lizabethtown  bridge,  notwith- 
standing -vhole  platoons  fired  at  him.  The  results  of  his  observa- 
tion:? he  reported  to  Generals  Greene  and  Stark.  When  the  Maniuis 
de  Lafayette  was  in  danger  of  being  surprised  at  Rarren  Ilill  Church, 
Major  Thayer  was  chosen  by  him  with  300  men  to  cover  his  retreat, 
where  there  was  scarcely  a  possibility  of  escaping  either  being  killed 
or  taken  prisoner.  Fortunately,  however,  the  Major  succeeded  in 
bringing  oflf'the  whole  of  his  detachment  in  the  face  of  the  enemy, — 
the  Marquis  having  moved  off"  the  main  body  some  time  before. 

The  brilliant  defence  of  Fort  MifTMn  by  ISIajor  Thayer  was  the  theme 
of  universal  praise.  Congress,  not  aware  that  Colonel  Smith  had 
retired  from  the  comnnuid  previous  to  the  battle,  and  prompt  to 
acknowledge  brave  conduct,  passed  a  complimentary  resol'ition  direct- 
ing an  elegant  sword  to  be  presented  to  the  Colonel  as  a  token  of  their 
high  sense  of  his  mt;rit  in  that  aflhir.  The  discovery  of  the  error  was 
too  late  for  it  to  be  corrected,  and  Colonel  Smith  accepted  the  sword  as 
the  reward  of  a  battle  he  did  not  flght !     The  unintentional  injustice  of 


( 


\ 


wmm 


IP 


APPENDIX. 


'me 
Ihad 
to 
|*ect- 
heir 
Iwas 
ll  as 
le  of 


Congress  was  keenly  felt  both  by  Major  Thayer  and  his  friends  in 
Rhode  Island.  General  Varnum  and  Colonel  Angell,  his  military  com- 
patriots, and  the  late  venerable  John  Ilowland,  Esq.,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  set  the  subject  right  before  the  public,  in  communications 
that  were  published  in  the  Providence  Gazette  in  178(3,  and  in  the 
Providence  Journal  in  1840,  and  all  of  which  are  preserved  in  Judge 
Cowell's  "  Spirit  of  76."  But  while  the  page  of  history  has  been 
corrected,  the  official  injustice  is  perpetuaftd. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  of  Oct.  3,  1780,  the  two  Continental  regi- 
ments of  Rhode  Island  were  consolidated,  to  take  effect  Jan.  1,  1781. 
Under  this  arrangement  Major  Thayer  retired  from  the  service.  lie 
was  subsequently  for  three  successive  years  chosen  by  the  General 
Assembly  Brigadier  General  of  the  jMilitia  of"  Providence  County. 

General  Thayer  was  of  medium  height,  active  and  energetic  in  his 
business  habits,  and  in  private  intercourse  an  agreeable  companion. 
He  was  married  three  times,  viz : 

1.  To  Iluldah  Jackson,  daughter  of  Stephen  Jackson,  Esq.,  of 
Providence.     She  was  born  Nov.  — ,  1738,  and  died  April  28,  1771. 

2.  To  Mrs.  Mary  Tourtelott,  born  Dec,  24,  1742. 

3.  To  Mrs. Angell,  sister  to  Huldah,  his  first   wif'\     After 

the  death  of  General  Thayer,  she  married  Darius  Daniels.  She  was 
born  in  1763,  and  died  March  10,  1803,  aged  40  years. 

The  children  of  General  Thayer  were 

Nancy,  born  Maivli  7,  17t'i2;  (lieil  Mi\3- l,178;j.  ..  ,     , 

William  Toui-telott,  born  May  11,  171)7. 

SuHtii),  born  April  24,  170H;  died  suine  date. 

Stephen  Tourtelott,  died  Fel).  25,  I7til».  • ' 

Hannah  Tourielott,  born  Jun   1,  17(59;  died  Martli  31,  17(59. 

Simeon,  born  Murcli  24,  1770;  dltd  ."^upt.  9,  1791. 

Polly,  born  Oct.  2'),  1772;  died  May  28,  1814. 

Richard  Montgomery,  bom  Dee.  ;{,  1775.  • 

Henry,  born  April  10,  1785. 

After  leaving  the  army  Major  Tliayer  purchased,  in  1781,  of 
Nathaniel  Balcii,  Iiatter,  an  estate  consi-iing  of  a  house  and  lot  situated 
on  "  Stamper's  Hill"  for  "$1350  Spanish  milled  dollars,"  and  also  a 
lot  in  the  same  vicinity,  of  Enos  Smith,  of  Killingly,  Ct.,  fjr  "£i0, 
lawful  money."  lie  erected  a  dwelling  liouse  on  the  ipot  now 
a  small  park  near  the  head  of  Constitution  Hill,  and  in  1784  opeiKd  a 
public  house  known  as  the  "  Montgomery  Hole!."  which  he  kept  for 
several  years,  when  he  sold  out  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Ciunberland. 
There  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  decease,  which  occurred  Tues- 
day, Oct.  14th,  1800,  in  the  63d  year  of  his  tige.     lie  died  by  casualty, 


( 


80 


APPENDIX. 


\>i 


having  fallen  or  been  thrown  from  his  horse  into  a  brook,  while  riding 
home  from  Providence,  and  being  killed  by  the  cor  cus>;ion  or  drowned. 
On  Thursday,  Oct.  16th,  his  remains,  were  interred  in  the  North  burial 
ground,  in  Providence.  Tlie  Society  of  Cincinrati,  of  which  General 
Thayer  died  a  member,  voted  to  wear  the  usuril  badge  of  mourning  on 
the  left  arm  for  twenty -one  days,  as  a  testimony  of  respect.* 

Major  General  John  Thomas  was  descended  from  a  respectable 
family  in  Plymouth  County,  Ma^^s.,  and  served  with  reputation  in  the 
war  of  17o6  against  the  BVench  and  Indians.  In  April,  1775,  he 
resided  in  Kingston,  Ma>s.,  and  raised  a  regiment  for  the  Continental 
service,  and  marched  to  Cambridge.  He  was  soon  appointed  by  Con- 
gress a  Brigadier  General,  and  dux-ing  the  siege  of  Boston  commanded 
a  divi?ion  of  the  provincial  troops  at  Roxbury.  In  March,  177C,  he 
was  appointed  ]Major  General,  and  after  the  death  of  Montgomery  was 
entrusted  with  the  command  of  the  army  in  Canada.  As  stated  in  the 
Introduction  to  this  Journal,  he  fell  back  with  his  forces  from  before 
Quebec  to  Sorel,  was  there  taken  sick  of  small  pox  and  conveyed  to 
Charably,  where  he  died  May  30,  1776.  Gen.  Thomas  was  a  man  of 
sound  judgment  and  undoubted  courage.  He  was  beloved  by  his  sol- 
diers, and  in  private  life  endeared  to  friends  by  the  amiability  of  his 
character. 

Captain  John  Topiiam  was  a  native  of  Newport,  R.  I.  His  early  his- 
tory is  unknown.  When  the  first  measures  were  adopted  for  resisting 
the  oi)j)ressive  acts  of  the  British  government,  he  was  found  acting  with 
the  friends  of  freedom.  He  was  appointed  Captain-Lieutenant  of 
Major  Forrester's  company  of  the  regiment  of  Newport  and  Bristol, 
commanded  by  Colonel  Thomas  Church,  forming  a  part  of  the  "  Army 
of  Observation  "  raised  by  tJie  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island  in 
May,  177o.  It  is  said,  that  on  hearing  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington, Cai)tain  Topham  raised  a  company  and  marched  to  Cambridge. 

*OAFTAiN  Thayer's  parole. 

I,  Simeon  Thayre,  of  Providence, 

In  tlie  Province  of  Rliode  Island,  licreby  pledfjo  my  Faith  and  word  of  Honor  to 
General  Curleton,  that  I  shall  not  do  or  say  any  tliinft  contrary  to  the  Interest  of  His 
Majesty,  or  his  (jovornmont,  and  that  whenever  required  to  do  so,  I  shnll  rep!\ir  to 
wlmtcver  Place  his  Excellency,  or  any  other  His  Majesty's  Comnianilcrs-in-Chicf  in 
America,  shall  jud;;o  expedient  to  order  me. 

Given  under  my  Hand  at  Quebec, 

this  3d  Day  of  August,  1776. 

SiMKON   ThATRB. 

A  true  copy. 


APPENDIX. 


n 


There  he  joined  the  Continental  array  under  Washington,  then  holding 
Boston  in  siege.  He  was  subsequently  ai^signed  to  Colonel  Arnold's 
detiK  linient  for  serviee  in  Canada.  Of  the  sutferings  of  himself  and  of 
his  men  in  their  mareh  through  the  wilderness,  his  Journal  (though 
imperfeet)  still  oreserved,  is  an  interesting  evidence.  He  was  among 
tlie  oificers  who,  when  the  prospect  of  starvation  was  before  them» 
unhesitatingly  voted  in  a  council  of  war  to  proceed.  In  the  assault 
upon  Quebec  he  made  a  noble  record  for  bravery  and  eiRciency. 
Here  he  was  taken  i)risoner,  and  for  four  months  and  twelve  days  was 
not  permitted  to  set  his  feet  on  the  ground.  But  this  close  confine- 
ment only  served  to  enhance  the  value  of  the  freedom  to  secure  which 
he  had  perilled  his  life,  and  he  panted  for  an  early  opportunity  to  prove 
his  unabated  devotion. 

While  still  a  prisoner,  nd  v  prospect  of  his  early  release,  Captain 
Topham  was  among  the  officers  recommended  by  Washington  (Oct. 
12,1776,)  to  command  a  com])r.ny  in  one  of  the  tAvo  new  regiments 
then  about  to  be  raised  in  Rhode  Island.  Writing  to  Governor  Cooke 
on  this  sulyect,  Washington  says,  "  Too  much  regard  cannot  be  had  to 
the  choosing  of  men  of  merit,  and  such  as  are  not  only  under  the  influ- 
ence of  a  warm  attachment  to  their  country,  but  who  also  possess  sen- 
timents of  principles  of  the  strictest  honor."  He  adds:  "In  respect  to 
the  officers  that  were  in  the  Canada  expedition,  their  behavior  and 
merit,  and  the  severities  they  have  experienced,  entitle  them  to  a  par- 
ticular notice,  in  my  oi)inion.  However,  as  they  are  under  their 
paroles,  I  would  recommend  that  vacancies  should  be  reserved  for  such 
as  you  think  fit  to  promote,  not  wishing  them  to  accept  commissions 
immediately,  or  to  do  th  least  act  that  may  be  interpreted  a  violation 
of  their  engageuient." 

After  being  exchanged,  the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island,  in 
February,  1777,  chose  Ca|)tain  Tojjham  a  Captain  in  the  first  Conti- 
nental battalion,  under  IMajor  Ward.  In  June  following,  he  was 
chosen  Lieutenant  Colonel  in  the  brigade  raised  for  fifteen  months, 
under  Colonel  Arcliibald  Crary.  In  December  of  the  same  year,  he 
held  the  same  rank  in  the  second  battalion  of  the  regime  at  of  artillery, 
under  Colonel  William  Barton.  In  February,  1778,  he  was  chosen 
Colonel  in  place  of  Colonel  Barton,  who  had  been  transferred  to  the 
Continental  serviee,  and  held  the  position  until  the  brigade  was  dis- 
banded. In  February,  1779,  he  was  made  Colonel  of  the  second 
battalion  of  Infantry.  In  June  of  the  same  year  the  two  battalions 
were  consolidated  under  him  ;  and  in  1780  he  received  the  thanks  of 
11 


82 


APPENDIX. 


the  General  Assembly  for  the  great  fidelity  and  ability  with  which  he 
had  discharged  his  military  duties.  After  the  ".var,  Colonel  Topliam 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1780,  he  was  elected  a  Deputy  to 
the  General  Assembly  from  Newport.  He  was  again  elected  in  1783, 
1784  to  1788,  and  again  in  1791  and  1792.  He  was  a  useful  member 
of  the  Assembly.  Colonel  Topham  died  in  Newport,  September  26th, 
1793,  in  the  o5th  year  of  his  age.  On  Sunday  afternoon,  the  29th, 
his  remains,  preceded  by  the  ancient  and  honorable  fraternity  of 
Masons,  of  which  he  was  u  member,  and  followed  by  his  relatives, 
friends,  and  a  large  concourse  of  citizens,  were  committed  to  the  grave. 

Captain  Oliver  Hanchkt,  son  of  John  3d  and  Mary  Sheldon 
Hanchet,  was  born  in  Suffield,  Conn.,  August  7th,  1741.  Of  his  boy 
life  little  is  known.  May  29th,  1700,  he  married  Rachel  Gillet. 
In  the  comraencemen'i  of  (he  Kcvolutionary  war,  he  commanded  a 
company  of  Provincials  and  marched  to  Cambridge,  where  lie  was 
assigned  to  Arnold's  expedition.  In  his  march  through  the  wilderness, 
Capt.  Hanchet  was  mostly  with  the  advance,  engaged  in  opening  the 
way  for  the  main  body  of  the  army,  and  performing  such  other  services 
as  were  essential  to  its  ra})id  march.  After  reaching  Dead  River,  he 
set  out  with  fifty  men  for  Chaudiere  lake,  to  forward  provisions  fi'om 
the  French  inhabitants  of  Sartigan,  for  the  use  of  the  army,  Subse- 
qently,  in  le:".ving  the  army  (who  took  water  conveyance  on  Chaudiere 
lake)  to  go  on  by  land,  he  mistook  his  course,  and  with  sixty  men  was 
led  into  low  ground  overflov.'ed  by  water,  througli  which  they  waded 
up  to  their  waists  for  the  distance  of  two  miles,  when  they  were  dis- 
covered by  Col.  Arnold,  who  sent  batteaux  to  relieve  them  from  their 
uncomfortable  situation.  The  trials  and  perils  of  the  rest  of  the  march 
to  Point  Levi  were  ^shared  in  common  with  the  army.  At  Quebec 
Captain  Hanchet  was  taken  prisoner,  and  held  with  other  officers  until 
paroles  were  granted  in  August,  1776.  He  appears  not  to  have  enter- 
tained a  favorable  opinion  of  Arnold,  and  was  numbered  among  the 
disaffected  towards  him.  Of  his  life  after  being  exchanged,  no  partic- 
ulars have  been  obtainnd.  He  died  May  2Gth,  1816,  aged  7o  years. 
His  widow  died  March  28th,  1821.  Ijoth  were  buried  in  the  West 
Parish  of  Suffield. 

Lieutenant  James  Webs,  of  Newport,  R.  L,  was  among  the  oflicers 
recommended  to  consideration  by  Washington,  for  meritorious  conduct, 
and  was  cliu>en  first  Lieutenant  in  the  Continental  battalion,  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island,  in  February,  1777. 


APPENDIX. 


83 


ifiicers 

)IKluct, 

)y  the 


Captain  Samuel  Ward  was  born  at  Westerly,  Rhode  Island,  on 
the  17th  of  Nov.,  175C,  and  was  the  son  of  Samuel  Ward,  Governor  of 
that  State,  and  Anne  Ray,  dauiiliter  of  Simon  Ray  and  Deborah 
Greene,  a  relative  of  General  Nathanael  Greene.*  His  father,  and 
indeed  all  his  family  connexions,  were  .ardent  supporters  of  the  Rev- 
olution, and,  from  the  first  collision  between  Great  Britain  and  her 
colonies,  advocates  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States,  an  event 
which   his   father  predicted  as  inevitable,  as  early  as   17GG. 

Capt.  Ward  was  educated  at  Brown  University  in  Providsnce,  and 
was  a  classmate  of  Solomon  Drowne,  subsequently  the  distinguished  Pro- 
fessor of  Botany  in  that  institution.  Hostilities  commencing  about  the 
time  he  left  college,  he  joined  the  Rhode  Island  army  of  observation. 


♦Samubl  Ward,  father  of  Capt.  Samuel,  was  born  at  Newport,  Ilbodo  Island, 
May  27th,  1725.  lie  w..s  the  son  of  lik-baril  Ward,  who  wii8  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  in  1711  and  1742,  and  the  griindson  of  Tliomas  Ward,  who  come  to  this 
country  in  tlie  times  of  Churhs  II,  and  who  diud  in  Ilhode  Island  in  108'J,  a  hii;hly 
esteemed  and  respoctaMo  rilizi>n. 

Siimuel  was  educated  at  the  cxoellent  classical  schools  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He 
married  Anne  Ray,  of  Block  Ishmd,  and  settled  in  Westerly.  lie  represented  that 
town  in  the  General  Assembly  of  Ilhode  Island  for  several  years,  and  was  a  dele- 
gate from  the  Colony  to  a  convention  held  at  llaitConl,  during  t)  o  French  war,  to 
consult  with  Lord  Loudon,  as  to  the  best  course  to  be  pursued  \a  jirosei^utini?  the 
war.  Mr.  Ward  was  chosen  Governor  of  Rhode  Inland  in  1702,  and  af^ainin  ntW, 
and  continued  in  office  until  17f)7.  lie  early  took  ground  as^ainst  the  encroach- 
ments of  the  Mother  Country  on  Colonial  rights.  He  denounced  t!ie  stamp  act  and 
the  tax  on  tea,  and  wa-;  elected  dele^rate  to  the  Continental  Conjtress,  in  which  he 
acted  a  conspicuous  part.  He  early  foresaw  the  separation  of  the  C<-i0nies  from 
Great  IJritain,  and  in  a  letter  to  his  son,  said:  "  These  Coloides  are  destined  to  an 
early  independence,  and  you  will  live  to  sec  my  words  verified  "—a  prophecy  ten 
years  later  fidfilled. 

While  the  Congr^i^s  was  in  Committee  of  the  who'e  on  the  consideration  of  the 
sta'c  of  America,  .Mr.  Ward  o.'cupicd  th'j  chair.  He  was  chairman  of  a  committee 
which  originated  a  resolution,  "  that  a  Geiicr.il  be  appointed  to  command  all  the 
Continental  forces  r:iisod,  or  to  be  raised,  for  the  defence  of  American  liberty." 
When,  under  thi.s  rescdution,  Congress  procecde<l  to  ballot,  Gov.  Ward  pave  hia 
vote  for  Gener.d  Wa-hington,  to  whom,  through  life,  he  remained  devotedly 
attached.  His  feelings  tliroughout  the  contest  are  nobly  expressed  in  a  letter  to 
his  brother,  written  in  lll'i:  "No  man  living,  perhaps,  is  more  fond  of  his  children 
than  I  am,  and  I  am  not  so  old  as  to  be  tired  of  life;  and  yet,  as  far  as  I  can  now 
judge,  the  tenderest  connexions  and  the  mo.st  important  private  concerns,  are  very 
minute  objects  Heaven  save  my  country,  I  was  going  to  say.  is  my  first,  my  last, 
and  almost  my  only  prayer." 

Governor  Ward  strongly  advocated  the  Di'clnratinn  of  Independence,  but  did  not 
live  to  afflx  his  signature  to  that  immortal  instrument.  He  died  in  Philadelphia  of 
small  pox,  March  20th,  1770,  in  the  fifty-lirst  year  of  his  age.  His  remains  were 
exhumed  in  IHi'iO,  and  brought  to  Rhode  Ishind.  The  slab  erected  by  the  State  over 
his  grave  bears  testimony  to  his  (ireat  abiliiies,  his  unshaken  integrity,  his  ardor  in 
the  cause  of  freedom,  and  his  fidelity  in  the  offlces  he  filled. 


84 


APPENDIX. 


km  ■ 


'!> 


in  which  he  was  appointed  a  Captain  on  the  8th  of  May,  1775.  The 
army  was  raised  in  tlu;  iianu;  of  His  jMajesty  (Jf  .r^t;  III,  for  the 
prt'scvvalion  of  His  Majesty's  loyal  and  faithful  siiltjeots  of  the  Colony 
of  Khode  Island.  His  commission,  which  was  jriven  i»y  his  uncle, 
Henry  Ward,  the  Secretary  of  Rhode  Island,  (the  Governor  and 
Lieut.  Governor  being  Tories,)  authoi'izcd  him  '  in  case  of  an  invasion 
or  assault  of  a  common  enemy,  to  infest  or  disturb  this  or  any  other  of 
His  Majesty's  Colonies  in  America,  to  alarm  and  gather  together  the 
company  under  your  command,'  'and  therewith  to  the  utmost  of  your 
skill  and  ability,  you  are  to  resist,  expel,  kill  and  destroy  them,  in  order 
to  preserve  the  interest  of  His  Majesty  and  his  good  subjects  in  these 
parts.'     Like  their  brethren  the  covenanters — 

'  Who  swore  at  first  to  fitrht 
For  the  King's  safety  anilhis  riirht,        -  '  ;     ■' 

And  after  iiiarcheu  to  find  him  out  :  '■ 

And  charfjcd  liim  homo  with  horse  and  foot,' 

the  Whigs  of  the  Revolution  found  no  inconsistency  in  availing  them- 
selves of  the  authority  of  the  King  as  the  constitutional  head  of  the 
government,  to  preserve  and  maintain  their  constitutional  rights.  In 
the  month  of  May,  177o,  the  father  and  son  both  hift  their  home — the 
one  to  represent  the  Colony  in  the  Continental  Congress,  and  the  other 
to  defend  her  liberties  in  the  lield.  Cajit.  Ward  joined  the  army 
besieging  Boston  —  burning  M'ith  a  vehement  desire  to  vindicate  the 
rights  of  the  Colonies.  In  one  of  his  letters  to  his  iamily,  dated  Pros- 
pect Hill,  July  .'>0,  1775,  addressing  his  younzer  brothers,  he  says:  "  As 
you  grow  in  stature,  pray  take  pains  to  be  manly  :  rememl)er  that  you 
all  may  have  an  opportunity  of  standing  forth  to  fight  the  battles  of 
your  country.  This  afternooi»  we  exfiected  to  have  had  an  engage- 
ment. We  may  have  one  to  night.  The  regulars  are  now  landin^r  in 
Charlestown  from  Boston.  I  thank  God  we  are  ready  to  meet  them." 
With  such  an  ardent  spirit,  young  Ward,  then  in  the  19th  year  of 
his  age,  was  not  likely  to  hesitate  in  embracing  an  opportunity  of 
advancing  the  cause  he  had  espoused;  nor  was  it  long  before  one  was 
presented.  In  September,  1775,  Colonel  Benedict  Arnold,  then  one 
of  the  most  enterprising  of  America's  sons,  (but  afterwards  'quantum 
mutatus  abillo  Hectore  !')  was  invested  with  the  command  of  1100 
volunteers,  destined  to  join  Montgomery  at  Quebec,  by  way  of  the 
Keimebec  river.  The  country  was  then  an  unexplored  wilderness, 
and  they  were  obliged  to  transport  their  provisions  and  munitions  for 
the  whole  distance,  where  they  did  not  follow  the  river,  without  the 
aid  of  auiuials.     Even  when  ascending  the  river,  the  volunteers  were 


APPENDIX. 


8^ 


111 


one 
turn 
100 
the 
ess, 
lor 
the 
tvere 


compelled  to  drag  the  hoats  over  the  waterfalls  and  portages,  and  after 
leaving  the  river,  the  provisions  and  munitions,  packed  in  small  kegs, 
were  placed  on  the  hacks  of  the  soldiers  and  carried  more  than  300 
miles,  through  thick  and  pathless  woods,  and  over  lofty  mountains  and 
deep  morasses.  So  great  were  the  difficulties,  that  a  part  of  the 
detachuient  actually  abandoned  the  expedition,  and  returned  to  Cam- 
bridge to  avoid  starvation.  Capt.  Ward,  the  youngest  officer  in  the 
expedition,  together  with  his  company,  persevered,  and  after  unheard 
of  privations  arrived  before  Quebec  in  Nov.,  177/).  A.  letter  from  him 
on  the  2()th  of  that  month  to  his  family,  dated  at  Point  aux-Trembles, 
gives  a  vivid  account  of  the  hardships  of  the  expedition. 

"  It  would  take  too  much  time  to  tell  you  what  we  have  undergone. 
However,  as  a  summary  of  the  whole,  we  have  gone  up  one  of  the 
most  rapid  rivers  in  the  world,  whersi  the  water  was  so  shoal  that,  mod- 
erately speaking,  we  have  waded  100  miles.  We  were  thirty  days  in 
a  wilderness  that  none  but  savages  ever  attempted  to  pass.  We 
marched  100  miles  upon  short  three  days'  provisions,  waded  over  three 
rapid  rivers,  marched  through  snow  and  ice  barefoot,  passed  over  the 
St.  Lawrence,  where  it  was  guarded  by  tliC  enemy's  frigates,  and  are 
now  about  twenty-four  miles  from  the  city  to  recruit  our  worn-out 
natures.  Gen.  Montgomery  intends  to  join  us  immediately,  so  that  we 
have  a  winter's  campaign  before  us; but  I  trust  we  shall  have  the  glory 
of  taking  Quebec !" 

That  hope,  unhappily,  v/as  not  realized.     The  attack  upon  that  city 

failed,  and  Capt.  Ward,  with  the  principal  part  of  his  comjiany,  having 

penetrated   under   the  command  of  Arnold,  through  the  first  barrier, 

was  surrounded  by  a  superior  force  and  conn)elk'd  to  surrender.     The 

following  letter  writ'eu   by    Governor  Samuel  Ward  to  his  daughter, 

Miss  Nancy   Ward,  afterwards    Mrs.  Anne,  wife   of    E[>han  Clarke, 

J^sq.,  in  relation   to   Captain  Ward's  capture,  expresses   the   anxious 

interest  of  a  jjarent,  and  presents  in  a  favorable  light  the  military  con- 

duv.t  of  the  son  : 

PhiladeJpMa,  2Ut  Jan.,  1716. 
My  Dearest: 

Blessed  l)c  God,  your  dear  brotlior,  of  whom  I  never  heard  one  word,  from  tho 
time  he  left  Fort  Weston  until  lust  Mondny,  is  alive  and  well,  and  has  behaved  well. 
There  is  a  {gentleman  hero  who  saw  him  the  day  heforc  tlie  attack  upon  Quebec. 
Ho  had  been  very  ill  with  the  yellow  jaundice;  but  one  Captain  AIiLcan,  formerly 
of  IJoston,  took  him  home  and  cured  him. 

This  ifentlemun  tells  me  he  was  happy  to  have  jione  upon  that  service.  General 
Montgomery  was  UilUid  in  tho  attack,  and  his  troops  immediately  retired,  wliKh  kft 
the  whole  force  of  the  enemy  to  iiua(-k  your  kinsman,  Lieut.  Colonel  Cree  ie,  who, 
upon  Arnold's  bciuf;  wounded  and  eia-ried  olf,  led  the  detachment  on  nobly.    They 


86 


APPENDIX 


'  i 


carriefl  two  barriers,  attacked  the  third,  and  fon^Iit  p;lorionsly  with  mueh  supciior 
forcc!),  uiuler  cover  also.  Four  lioiirs  afier,  ))eini!:  ovcrDowcred  lij-  iiuniljcrs,  tlicy 
were  conijieiled  to  surrender  prisoners  of  war,  and  are  very  liindly  treated. 

I  have  written  liy  express  to  your  brother,  and  sliall  send  him  some  money.  Call 
upon  all  who  owe  us  for  some.    I  shall  want  it  mueh. 

Write  immediately  to  Colonel  Greene's  wile  that  ho  is  well,  and  treated  with  great 
}\umanity.    lie  has  acquired  vast  honor  in  ihc  .service,  and  I  d(/Uot  not  will  soon  be 
exchanf^ed.    In  the  mean  time,  I  have  written  Sammy  to  let  him  know  hi:^  family 
i-     ell,  and  that  if  he  needs  any  mone}-  he  can  draw  upon  mo. 
Your  aflTcctionnte  father, 

Sab'uel  Waiit). 

r.  S.  In  Colonel  Greene's  detachment  there  wcie  120  killed  and  wounded— 
nearly  half  killed.  Troops  begin  th'Mr  march  from  here  to-morrow,  to  riiiiioree 
our  ariuy  in  Cuncda. 

While  in  captivity,  Capt.  Ward  received  the  following  letter  from 
his'  father,  wliich,  from  tiie  excellence  of  its  sentiments,  and  as  fully  illus- 
trating the  principles  of  the  leading  patriots  of  that  time,  is  inserted  at 

length. 

r?itl(r(h1phin,  January  2ist,  1770. 

My  1)ea:i  Son:— I  most  devoutly  thank  God  that  you  are  alive,  in  good  Iiealth, 
and  have  behaved  well.  You  have  now  a  new  scene  of  oetion— to  behave  well  as  a 
prisoner.  You  liave  been  tiiuj^htfrom  your  infancy  the  love  of  God,  of  all  mankind, 
and  of  3  our  country.  In  a  due  discharge  of  tliese  various  duties  of  life,  consist  truo 
honor,  religion  and  virtue.  I  hope  iio  siiuation  or  trial,  however  severe,  will  tempt 
you  to  violate  these  sound,  these  immutable  law?'  of  God  and  nature.  You  will 
now  have  time  for  reflection.  Improve  it  well;  examine  your  own  heart.  Eradi- 
cate, as  mu^h  as  human  frailly  admits,  the  sicds  of  vice  an<l  folly.  Correct  your 
temper.  Exp;uid  the  benevolent  feelings  of  your  soul,  and  imjiress  and  establish 
the  noble  principles  of  private  and  public  virtue  so  deeply  in  it,  tliat  your  whole  life 
may  be  directed  by  them.  Next  to  these  great  "nd  essential  duties,  improve  your 
mind  by  the  best  au'hors  vou  can  borrow.  Jieiirn  the  Fri'iieh  langU'.ige,  and  be 
cont'-iually  acquiring,  as  fur  as  your  .situation  ailmits,  every  useful  accomplishment. 
Shun  every  species  of  del)au(hery  and  vice,  as  certain  and  in  .itable  ruin,  here  and 
liereafter.  There  is  one  vlic,  which,  thouirh  often  to  bo  met  with  in  polite  com- 
pany, I  cainiot  but  consider  as  unworthy  of  the  gentleman  as  welt  as  the  Christian. 
I  mean  swearing.    Avoid  it  at  idl  times. 

All  raidis  of  people  liere  have  the  highest  sense  of  the  great  Itravory  and  merit  of 
Col.  Arnold,  and  all  his  oHlccrs  and  men.  Though  prisoners  tlicy  huve  acMjuired 
immortal  honor.  I'roper  attention  will  t)e  paid  to  tlx^m.  In  tlio  mean  time,  behave, 
my  dear  son,  with  great  ciicumspection,  pri'dence  and  firmness,  ICnter  into  no 
engagements  iiicoi>  istcnt  wiih  your  duly  to  your  country.  S'lch  as  >oii  irr.y 
make,  keep  inviolate  wltli  the  strictest  honor.  Besides  endeavoring  to  make  your- 
self as  easy  and  happy  as  possible  in  your  present  situation,  you  will  pay  tlio 
greatest  attention,  as  I'ar  iis  yoar  little  power  may  admit,  to  Ilia  comfort  and  welfare 
of  all  your  fellow-prisoners,  and  of  those  lately  under  your  immediate  command, 
esptelally. 

Wo  have  a  great  number  of  prisoners  in  our  possession,  who  are  treated  with  the 
greatest  humanity  and  kindness,  ami  with  pleasure  I  hear  that  Col.  Arnold's  detach- 
ment is  tio:itcd  in  the  same  humane  manner.  The  mischiefs  of  war  arc  siidlclenily 
great  under  the  m;>st  civilized  regulatiotiS,  Wliat  a  savage  he  must  he,  who  would 
heighten  them  t>y  nnneeessary  severity  and  rigor.    I  ho;io  that  humanity  to  the 


APPENDIX. 


87 


liCo 
,()ur 

1)C 

■lit. 

and 
I'Oin- 
liun. 

rit  of 
iicd 
I'.ve, 

I  110 

ri-.y 
iiir- 
tlio 
laro 
iniul, 

tliu 
tncli- 
I'liily 
ould 

tliu 


unfortunate  will  be  the  distinsuisliing  characteristic  of  the  successful  on  either  side 
of  this  unhappy  contest.  Write  to  me  often;  and  may  infinite  wisdom  and  good- 
ness preserv,  and  prosper  my  dear  son. 

Your  very  afTectionate  father, 

Samuel  W>hd. 

The  son  and  his  excellent  guide  and  adviser  never  met  again  in  this 
life — the  latter  dying  of  the  small  \)OX  at  Philadelphia,  while  attending 
Congress  on  the  2Gth  of  March  following,  and  before  the  declaration 
of  that  independence  for  which  he  had  so  earnestly  labored. 

Captain  Ward  was  exchanged  in  1776,  and  on  the  first  day  of  Janu- 
ary, 1777,  wao  commissioned  as  Major  in  Coi-  Cliristopher  Greene's 
I'egiment  of  the  Rhode  Island  line  —  a  worthy  compeer  of 'lis  relative 
Gen.  Greene,  ScipiaJos  duo  fulnnna  belli. 

In  that  cajiacity,  he  was  present  and  cooperated  in  the  gallant 
defence  of  the  fort  at  Red  Bank,  when  it  was  unsuccessfully  assailed 
by  the  Hessians  under  Count  Donop,  October  22,  1777.  The  same 
year  he  was  aide-de-camp  to  General  Washington.  The  next  year,  he 
was  detached  for  the  defence  of  hi-  native  State,  "inuer  the  command 
of  Generals  Greene,  Lafayette  and  Sulli\  an.  In  the  celebrated  retreat 
from  Rhode  Island,  he  comiranded  a  regiment,  and  on  the  12th  of 
April,  177'J,  he  was  commissioned  Liiut.  Colonel  of  the  1st  Ri.ode 
Island  Regiment,  to  take  rank  from  May  1st,  1778.  During  that  and 
the  following  year  he  was  in  Washington's  army,  in  New  Jersey,  and 
participated  in  the  toil  and  glory  of  that  service.  lie  was  present  at 
the  defence  of  the  bridge  at  S[)riiigtield,  by  a  part  of  the  Rliode  Island 
line,  against  the  Hessian  General  Knyphausen,  in  June,  llHO.  He 
was  an  original  member  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati,  and  through  the 
war  as  the  commander  of  a  regiment  was  attcndeil  by  his  tititl.ful  body 
servant  Cudjo,  a  full  blooded  African. 

At  the  termination  ol  the  war.  Colonel  W;ird  nlurned  to  tlie  peace- 
ful pursuits  of  a  citi/en  with  the  same  alacrity  that  he  had  manifested 
when  his  country'H  voice  had  called  him  to  arm.s.  lie  now  commencd 
business  as  a  merchant,  and  manifested  as  much  enterprise  in  his  new 
profession  as  he  had  in  his  pr  'vious  career.  In  the  spring  of  17h.'5,  ho 
made  a  voyage  from  I'rovidcn'j  ^o  Canton,  in  thr  ship  (Jcorge  Wash- 
ington, w  liich  was  among  the  first  to  display  '  the  republican  tlag'  in  tho 
China  seas.  Upon  his  return  to  the  United  Slates,  In;  established  him- 
self at  New  York,  as  a  merchant,  and  by  his  probity,  frugality  and  indus- 
try, became  successful  in  his  buMuess.  In  the  course  of  his  nierciintilt) 
career  he  visited  Kurope,  and  was  at  I'aris  when  I.oui.-  XIV  was  be- 
headed.  Atler  his  return  iVouj  Kurojie,  Col.  Ward  eslablislied  himself  oil 


88 


APPENDIX. 


a  farm  at  Eas^t  Greenwich,  R.  I.,  where  he  lived  to  pee  his  children  edu- 
cated to  usefulness  and  establish  tho.nselves  in  the  business  of  active  life. 
In  181C),  with  a  view  of  being  nearer  his  children,  several  of  whom 
had  embarked  in  business  at  New  York,  he  removed  from  his  native 
State  to  Jamaica,  on  Long  Island.  Here,  and  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
he  resided  in  the  midst  of  his  family  and  friends,  by  whom  he  was 
admired  and  beloved  for  his  manifold  ■  irtues,  until  the  termination  of 
his  long  and  useful  career.  His  co.iversation,  at  all  times  interesting, 
was  rendered  peculiarly  attractive  to  all  who  enjoyed  an  intimacy  with 
him,  by  the  disciiminatioi;  with  which  he  commented  upon  what  be 
had  seen  and  met  witli  abroad.  The  politics  and  military  operations 
of  the  Revolution  shared  also  among  the  to|)ics  that  were  most  agree- 
able to  hi.  mitid  ;  but  rarely,  if  ever,  did  he  allude  to  the  actions  in 
which  himself  bad  borne  a  part.  The  morci  ty  wiiich  was  so  particu- 
larly striking  in  the  military  men  of  the  Revolution  made  an  essential 
P'lrt  of  his  character.  When  death  approached,  it  found  iiiin  ready.  A 
lii'e  nolily  spent  in  the  discharge  of  every  j)ublic  and  private  duly  had 
j)repared  him  to  relinquish  his  Maker  s  gift  without  murmuring,  and 
he  descended  to  the  grave, 

'  Like  one  wlio  wraps  the  (lr:ipcry  of  liis  couch 
About  him,  ami  lies  down  to  i)lca«ant  dreams.' 

Colonel  Ward  died  in  New  York,  August  IG,  18;52,  in  the  70th  jear 

of  his  age.      In   early   life   he  nui"ried   Phebe,  daughter  of  Governor 

William   Greene,  of  Khode   Island,  thereby   connecting  himself  by  a 

double  relationship  with  the  eminent  soidiers  of  that  name.    Mrs.  Ward 

was  born  ^^u•ch  11th,  1700,  and  died  October,  1828,  in  the  G'Jtii  year 

of  her  ago.*     The  issue  of  this  marriage  was 

Wilhtim  Grouno  Ward,  born  April  1, 177'J;  died  August,  M9S. 

SaiuucI,  "  ]78i)-l ;  diid  at  the  ncc  of  four  or  flvo  years. 

llonry,  '•  1782-3;    "    in  inlancy. 

Henry.t  "    Mar.  17, 1781;        "    July  8(i,  1818. 

Samuel.t  "     May  1,  178(j;        "    Nov.  87, 1839. 


\t 


*h\  tlio  prcpni-i'  on  nf'this  Inour 'piiy,  n  skot'h  of  Colonel  Ward  puMishi'd  in  tho 
American  Annual  Kenistcr  for  IS'i.'l,  has  tx-cn  uned  etillrc;  also  a  newspaper  sketch 
wrilieii  by  the  la«e  Dr.  John  W.  Francis,  of  New  York  With  thoBe,  pariicnlars 
olitiiiin'd  friini  private  ami  |iul»lic  sources  have  been  incorporated. 

tlleiny  Ward  was  the  eldest  surviving;  son  of  Captain  Samuel  Wnnl,  anil  henco 
became  a  nuMnlmr  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati,  sucecedinm  his  father.  Hy  the  snino 
rule  of  succi'S'.ion,  Henry  \\Ml  Wnnl,  V.nq  ,  only  son  of  Henry  and  Kll/.a  Hall  Ward, 
and  head  of  tlie  llaMkinji  House  of  Wanl  &  Compiiiiv,  New  Y(.rk,  became  a  inem- 
b.T  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  nt  \  resent  Its  Treasurer.  Mr.  Ward  is  also 
I'rcidont  of  the  New  York  Cluo.  llo  was  for  many  years  connected  with  the  mili- 
tary of  New  York. 

(.Samuel  Ward  was  ft  partner  in  tho  old  Arm  of  Prime,  Ward  and  Kint;,  New  York- 


r 


APPENDIX. 


# 


,c:ir 


Dkmu'O 
Isiuno 
IViiril, 
linom- 

|s  II I  so 
mili- 

lYork 


Anne  Catliarino, 
I'hclie, 

Rilliard  Ray, 
.lohn,* 
William  Greene, 


Ijorn  178S;         died  Sopt.,  1837. 

1790or,0l;"    April,  1825, 
"    Nov.  17,  1795. 

"    Oct.  26,  1707;  •••    M.ircli31,l8fi6. 

"     Aug.  7, 1802;  "    July  22,  1848. 


A  ta^to  for  line  arts,  literature  and  military  science  appears  inherent 
in  tli(!  fjuniiy  of  Governor  Ward.  William  Greene  Ward,  a  grandson 
of  Colonel  Samuel,  arul  son  of  William  G.,  is  Brigadier  General  of 
the  First  Brigade,  First  Division  of  the  National  Guard  of  the  State 
of  New  York.  He  stands  unrivalled  in  his  knowledge  of  military 
affairs.     Ho  was  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Twelfth  regiment  National 


*Mr.  Jolin  Ward  never  married.  Several  years  of  his  early  life  were  passed  In  Rlindo 
Island,  lie  ri'turncil  tii  New  Yui  k,  hnwcver,  in  181S,  and  was  for  a  tiiiic  clerk  in  the  oflico 
dl' .Mcssr,'*.  Ni'vins  and  To wnseiid.  brokers  and  hanki-rs.  In  1S1!(,  ho  conimoncotl  businoss 
under  the  old  (ilohc  hxiirance  (Company;  and  in  1S24,  o<tal)li>hed  tiie  House  of  .John  Ward 
&  ('onii)any,  which  llini  was  afterwards,  in  1847,  changed  to  that  ot  Ward  &  Company,-- 
liiii  hrotlicr,  William  (■.  Ward,  having  been  one  of  the  partners. 

lie  continued  an  active  nieniher  of  the  House  until  the  lirst  of  Marsh,  IStVi,  when  he 
retired  from  business  willi  the  rejiutation  of  a  siigacious  and  successful  lianker,  a  man  of 
irreproachalile  inte;;rity  and  of  frreat  jiurity  of  character.    Mr.  Ward  for  many  years 

I'resich'Ut  of  the  New  York  .'^tock  Kxcban;;e,  and  one  ot  the  earliest,  tli  ^'li  not  an  original 
member  of  that  board.  l!y  a.  resolution  of  the  board,  he  was  (a  sliort  time  before  Ids 
decease)  recpu'sted  to  sit  for  his  \)ortniit  to  A.  11.  Wan/.ler,  which  miw  graces  the  walls  of 
the  New  York  Stock  Kxchauge. 

llr.  Ward,  besides  his  sterling  (pialilies  as  a  man  of  business,  was  highly  esteemed  for 
his  cheerful  and  kind  hearli'd  disposition,  his  amiable  manners  and  acts  of  generosity, 
which  were  the  uniform  e.xpn'ssion  of  his  frank  and  iiolile  nature,  lie  jiossessed  in  com- 
mon with  hi  late  brothers  (Henry,  .'^uiniiel,  and  William  (i,  AVard,)  a  ciiKivated  aiid  dis- 
criminating taste  in  the  line  arts,  and  like  them,  not  unfiwpiently  proi)osed  suggestive 
themes  for  i)ainting  or  sculpture.  Tlie  series  of  paintings  entitled  "  Cole'*  ^'oyage  of 
Life,"  were  the  result  of  such  suggestions.  Mr.  Ward  was  also  a  sincere  fr'eiid  of  Thomas 
Crawford,  the  sculptor,  who  manied  his  niece,  and  ('.•;iwford's  admi.-able  bust  of  Wasliini;- 
toii,  linished  with  his  own  bands,  graces  Mr.  Ward's  hite  residence  in  llond  street.  He 
was  a  subscription  member  of  the  Clinton  Hall  Association ;  also  n  Life  Member  of  the 
New  York  llistcrical  .Society,  having  coutrlliiited  to  its  building  fund,  the  ))nblication 
fund,  and  other  cdijects.  He  was  fondly  devoted  to  his  accomplished  nieces,  (daughters  of 
Samuel  Wiuil)  Mrs.  .Julia  Ward  Howe,  the  poetess,  wife  of  Dr.  .Samuel  U.  Howe,  of  IJoston, 
Sirs  Loiusa  Ward  (t  rawfoid)  Terry,  wife  of  the  artist,  now  in  Kurope,  and  Mrs.  .\nm' 
Ward  Maillard,  of  nordentown.  New  .Jersey.  It  Is  to  Mr.  Ward  and  the  widow  of  Mr. 
Orawfurd  [imw  Mrs.  Terry]  that  the  New  York  Historical  .Society  is  indebted  for  "  the 
Crawford  Marbles,"  which  have  been  so  generously  deposited  in  its  Library  and  (ialleriin 
of  Art  His  brother  Samuel  was  the  lirst  rresideiit  if  the  Itunk  of  Commerce  in  New 
York,*  the  largest  Nalionul  banUng  iustitulioii  In  the  Initi'd  Stati's,  the  iire-eiil  rresiileiit 
being  Charles  H.  Unssell,  Ks(|.,  also  a  "Son  of  lilnile  Island."  Sir.  Charles  Hall  Ward, 
son  of  the  late  William  (i.  Wanl,  possesses  a  hue  library,  and  is  nn  able  linanclir  in  t.iu 
house  of  Ward  &  Co. 

The  last  of  the  brothers  Is  Ihi-  venerable  ICichaid  Kay  Ward,  who  is  not  only  highly 
esteemed  us  n  lawyer  of  the  old  school,  but  also  truly  r'HiHrkable  lor  his  de.'p  interest  in 
historical  studies  and  aiiiiipiariuu  rci)CiiruUe><,  lUi  well  us  fer  hU  ruculleciiuiM  uf  Oitttin* 
giilsheil  con'i'inporarles.  ,       _        ,   „  - 


•The  llrst  Cashier  was  tlxi  lato  (ieorge  Ourtis,  iutlior  «f  ttt 
aooomidUhed  author,  (iicuitiiK  William  (U'uriH. 

12 


•rator,  poet,  aiiil 


90 


APPENDIX. 


Guard  of  tLc  State  of  New  York,  at  Washington  in  1801.  His  was  the 
first  regiment  to  cro?3  Lone;  Bridge  to  inviulo  Virginia,  and  had  the 
advance  for  some  time.  He  commanded  the  regiment  at  Harper's 
Ferry  all  summer  in  18C2,  wliere  tliey  were  finally  taken  prisoners  by 
"  Stonewall  "  Jackson.  In  18G3,  Colonel  Ward  and  his  regiment  were 
in  Couch's  Corps,  Dana's  Division,  Yale's  Brigade,  in  the  Pennsylva- 
nia campaign,  which  ended  in  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg.  During  the 
draft  riots  in  New  York,  Colonel  Greene;  with  his  regiment,  at  the 
request  of  INIaj.  General  Charles  W.  Sanfoid,  rendered  efficient  ser- 
vice in  guarding  the  City  Hall,  until  the  danger  was  over.  John 
Ward,  jr.,  a  younger  brother,  served  as  Captain  in  18G2  and  1863, 
in  the  Twelfth  regiment,  of  which  he  is  at  present  Colonel  commanding. 

Lieutenant  Cmusriw  Fkuigir,  a  native  of  Copenhagen,  Denmark, 
had  held  a  Subaltern's  commission  in  the  Danish  service.  He  was 
Adjutant  of  Arnold's  forces.  He  was  a  generous,  sympathetic  man, 
and  Judge  Henry  speaks  in  the  warmest  terms  of  his  conduct  in  the 
wilderness.  He  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  attack  upon  Quebec,  and 
with  the  other  prisoners  was  ke[)t  in  close  connnement.  He  returned  to 
Philadel[ihia  iri  compai:y  with  Mr.  Henry,  having  sailed  from  Quebec 
in  the  Pearl  frigate,  Capt.  M'Kenzie,  Augu-t  lOih,  and  reaching  New 
York  September  11.  Subsequently  he  received  commissions  as  Miijor 
and  as  Colonel.  He  led  the  1 1th  Virginia  regiment  at  the  assault  on 
Stony  Point.  In  17'Jl,  he  held  the  ollice  of  Treasurer  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Lieutenant  Svi.vani:s  Sii.vw,  of  Newport,  It.  I.,  was  one  of  the 
olfu'ers  recommended  by  Wa.-hington  to  the  favorable  consideration  of 
the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  I.'-land.  After  returning  from  his 
captivity  aL  Qi'ebec,  he  was  commissioned  Captain,  and  cominiuided  u 
company  under  Colonel  Clirislo|iher  Greene,  at  Ked  Bunk.  II';  was 
killed  in  that  battle,  Oct.  12,  1777. 

Lieutenant  Edwaku  Si.otUiM,  of  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  was  also  among 
the  olli'-i'rs  reeonnnended  by  Washington  to  the  favor  of  the  (ieiieral 
A.ssenjbly  of  his  native  Stale.  He  was  u  Captain  in  the  Rhode  Island 
line  from  1777  to  1779.  * 

Lieutenant  VVh.i.iam  ITiimimiuicy,  of  Providetice,  R.  I.,  taken  pris- 
oner tit  Quebec,  was  sub.scipn  ntly  a  Captain  in  the  Rhode  Island  lino 
to  the  close  of  the  war. 


Colonel  J A.Mirt  Li VI NosTON  was  a  native  of  New  York.     He  had 
long  resided  in  Catuida,  and  arti\ely  syinpat!iized  with  the  Colonies  at 


ArPENinx. 


91 


iicral 


Ll  lino 


hail 


kics 


at 


the  beginning  of  the  war.  lie  commanded  a  battalion  of  Canadians, 
and  in  the  assault  upon  Quebec  was  directed  to  make  a  false  attack 
with  a  show  of  firing  of  the  gate  of  St.  Jolm.  Something  occurred  to 
prevent  this  movement,  thereby  failing  to  create  a  diversion  favorable 
to  Arnold's  detachment.  He  commanded  at  Kinii's  I<  erry  at  the  time 
of  Arnold's  treason.  He  commanded  at  Verplanck's  Point  while  the 
Vulture  lay  off  in  the  stream,  and  sent  to  West  Point  for  ammunition 
to  enable  him  to  annoy  tije  vessel.  On  the  evening  of  September  2oth, 
(1780)  he  was  called  by  Washington  to  his  head-quarte's  at  llobinson's 
House,  for  the  purpose  of  eliciting  such  information  in  regard  to  Ar- 
nold as  he  might  be  able  to  give. 

Lieutenant  Coi-oxkl  Rookr  Enos  was  from  Connecticut.  His 
career  in  the  Expedition  through  the  wilderness  has  already  been 
related.  After  retiring  from  tiie  army,  he  removed  to  Vermont, 
and  in  1781  was  appointed  a  General  and  Commander  of  the 
Militia  of  the  Slate,  and  became  somewhat  conspicuous  in  public 
airairs. 

'  lir.NJAMi>f  DuKFKK,  a  volunteer  private  in  Capt.  Topham's  Com- 
pany, was  taken  prison;'r, — escapi'd  in  .Tune,  177G,  and  came  home  ; — 
was  taken  again  on  Hiiode  Island,  which  prevented  his  applying  for  the 
pay  due  to  him.  The  General  As-^embly,  at  the  June  Session,  1782, 
ordered  the  payment  of  his  claim  of  £24,  10s,  "silver  money,"  to  be 
allowed. 

Captain  Samttil  Lock  wood  belonged  to  Greenwicli,  Conn.  He 
did  excellent  service  in  capturing  the  fleet  of  Carlelon,  at  Sorel,  and 
was  fakt  n  jiri:  oner  at  the  storming  of  Quebec.  lie  was  afterwards  a 
Captain  in  Colonel  Lamb's  regiment  of  artillery. 

EnKNKZKU  Adams,  of  Rhr)de  Island,  was  a  volunteer  with  Arnold, 
and  alterwards  a  Captain  of  Artillery.  He  was  one  of  the  originators 
of,  an<l  a  Captain  in  the  ex[Kililion  under  Colonc  1  IJarton  to  capture 
Prescott  in  1777. 

Genera)  Sir  Guy  Caki.kton,  Governor  of  Quebec,  was  born  at 
Newry,  County  of  Down,  in  Iridand.  in  1722.  He  achieved  an  hon- 
orable military  reputation,  ami  in  1780  was  created  Lord  Dorchester. 
He  died  in  1808,  aged  8(5  years. 

Calfu  IlASKKt.L,  of  Ncwbiiryport,  Mass.,  was  a  private  in  this 
expedition.  He  was  probably  in  Cnpt.  Whi-'I's  company,  as  twenty 
men  of  a  Newburyport  conijiany  at  Cambridge  enlisted  to  serve  under 


92 


APPENDIX. 


tut' 


* 


George  BlK.nciiANT  was  a  volunteer  in  Captain  Morgan's  company 
of  riflemen,  and  a  man  wlio  would  at  any  time,  give  him  fair  play,  have 
sold  his  life  dearly.  While  the  army  was  in  position  before  Quebec, 
he  was  one  day  placed  on  picket,  but  in  an  unfortunate  position.  Sta- 
tioned in  a  thicket,  where,  though  he  was  out  of  sight  of  the  enemy's 
garrison,  he  could  see  no  one  approach,  a  Sergeant  of  the  Briti^h 
"  Seventh,"  who,  from  the  manner  ot  the  thing,  must  have  been  clever, 
accompanied  by  a  few  privates,  slily  creeping  through  the  streets  of 
the  suburbs  of  St.  John,  and  then  under  tlu;  cover  of  bushe:^,  sprung 
upon  the  devoted  Merchant  before  he  had  time  to  cock  his  rifle.  Mer- 
chant was  a  tall  and  handsome  Virginian.  In  a  few  days,  he,  hunting 
shirt  and  all,  were  sent  to  England,  probably  as  a  finished  specimen  of 
the  rijlemen  of  the  Colonies.  The  government  there  very  liberally 
sent  him  home  in  the  following  year.  He  was  the  first  prisoner  taken 
yt  Quebec.  He  was  a  brave  and  determined  soldier,  fitted  for  a  sub- 
ordinate station. — Henry.        , 

Lieutenant  William  Hetii,  2d,  of  Frederick  County,  Va.,  was  blind 
of  one  eye.  He  was  a  brave  ollicer,  was  taken  i)ri-:oner  at  (Quebec, 
and  subsequently  was  made  a  Colonel.  As  mentioned  elsewhere,  he 
kept  a  Journal  of  the  Expedition  to  Canada,  which  was  used  by  Mar- 
shall* ;  '  i 

Sergeant  Thomas  Bovd  was,  in  1779,  Captain  of  a  company  of 
riflemen  in  the  First  I'tnuisyhania  regiment.  The  same  year  he 
accompanied  General  Sullivan  in  his  expedition  against  the  Indians  of 
the  Six  Nations,  in  western  New  York,  was  taken  prisoner  by  the 
savages,  tortured  and  nut  to  death. 

Sergeant  Cha  jles  Pouterkieli)  was  a  native  of  Frederick  County, 
Virginia.  He  marched  as  a  volunteer  with  Arnold  through  the  wil- 
derness. He  showed  great  bravery  in  the  attack  up-on  Quebec,  and 
was  the  first  man  to  scale  the  walls.  With  his  companions  he  was 
taken  prisoner.  After  being  exchanged,  he  raised  a  company  at  his 
own  expense,  and  was  commissioned  in  the  Virginia  line.  In  leading 
a  regiment  of  which  he  was  Lieut.  Col.  Commanding,  he  was  killed  in 
the  battle  of  Camden. 

Michael  Simi'son  was  from  Pennsylvania,  and  a  volunteer  with 
Arnold,  in  Smith's  company.  At  the  time  of  the  assault  upon  Quebec, 
he  was,  by  order  of  Arnold,  in  coniman  1  as  Lieutenant  at  the  Isle  of 
Orleans.  Henry  says,  lie  was  "one  of  the  most  spirited  and  active 
oilicers,  always  nk>rt,  always  on  d.ity."  Many  years  after  the  war,  ho 
was  made  a  General  in  the  Peiuisylvaniu  Militia. 


APPENDIX. 


93 


(1  in 


Dr.  Thomas  Gibson  was  a  Sergeant  in  Captain  Hendricks'  com- 
pany. He  was  taken  prisoner  at  Quebec.  Of  the  part  he  took  in  the 
phm  of  escape,  related  by  Captain  Thayer,  page  33,  Henry  makes  the 
following  relation :  "  Money  was  obtained  from  charitable  nuns  who 
visited  the  prison,  but  obtained  in  a  method  remarkable  rather  for 
ingenuity  than  fairness  or  propriety ;  but  it  was  thought  that  all  arti- 
fices were  allowable,  especially  as  life  was  to  be  hazarded  for  libei  ty. 
Once  a  nun  was  seen  approaching ;  when  Doctor  Gibson,  who  had 
studied  physic  at  Cornish,  and  who  afterwards  died  at  Valley  Forgo, 
in  the  winter  of  1788,  a  young  man  of  ruddy  cheeks  and  with  a  beau- 
tiful head  of  hair,  was  hurried  into  bed,  to  play  the  part  of  a  sick  man 
with  a  high  fevei.  The  nun  being  introduced,  crossed  herself  and 
whispering  an  Ave  Maria  or  Pater  Noster,  poured  the  contents  of  her 
purse,  24  coppers,  into  the  hand  of  the  patient.  The  money  procured 
powder,  and  the  manner  of  obtaining  it  occasioned  some  merriment  to 
cheer  the  gloom  of  a  prison." 

Robert  Cunningham,  of  Smith's  company,  was  a  strong,  athletic 
man,  about  twenty-five  years  old.  He  was  a  wealthy  freeiiolder  of 
Lancaster  County,  Penn.  In  this  campaign  he  imbibed  tlie  seeds  of  a 
disease  that  hurried  him  to  an  early  grave. 

Sergeant  Joskph  Ashton,  of  Captain  Lamb's  company,  was  placed 
in  chief  command  of  the  organization  of  the  prisoners  who  had  planned 
an  escape.  Under  his  orders  were  Sergeant  Boyd,  Henry,  McKay 
and  others,  to  serve  as  Colonels,  iLijors,  Captains,  &c.  After  being 
exchanged,  he  was  commissioned  Major  in  Colonel  Lamb's  regiment 
of  artillery. 

Captain  Colbourn  commanded  a  company  of  artificers  in  the  march 
through  the  wilderness. 

Lieutenant  Isaiah  Wool  remained  in  command  of  Capt.  Lamb's 
company  after  his  capture.  He  was  afterwards  commissioned  Captain 
of  Artillery.  . 

Sergeant  Hknry  Crone,  of  Captain  Hendricks'  company,  was  de- 
scended from  a  worthy  and  respectable  family  of  York  County,  Penn. 
He  was  a  droll  dog,  and  nmch  inclined  to  play. — Henry. 

Captain  Ma  fthew  Duncan,  from  Pennsylvania,  a  volunteer,  was 
sent  to  reconnoitre,  after  the  attack  on  (Quebec,  and  was  taken  prisoner. 

Lieutenant  James  Tisuale,  of  Medfield,  Mass.,  was  wounded  at 
Quebec,  a  ball  passing  through  the  fiesliy  part  of  Lis  shoulder.  He 
served  in  the  Massachusetts  line  during  the  war. 


94 


APPENDIX. 


a 
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APPENDIX. 


Note  II.    Phkc2S. 

The  followinn;  list  of  tlic  killed,  wounded  and  taken  prisoners  of  tlic  American 
troops  nt  Qucbc'f,  on  tlie  31st  December,  1775,  is  copied  from  Ware's  Journal,  scve- 
r;il  times  before  quoted.  The  asterisks  arc  suffixed  in  the  original,  thougli  no 
sifjiiiiication  is  given.* 

djflors  taken  prisoners.— Lt.  Col,  Greene,  Major  Meigs,  Major  Bigelow,  Adj't 
Ii\'b.zcv,t  Uaptain  M.itthcw  Duncan. 

York-  forccn  AuV/cf?.— Geni'ml  Montfromery,  Capt.  Jacob  Checseman,  Aide-de-camp 
BliPliersoti.     Isr.  IJatt  ilion,  8  killed  and  one  wounded;  3d  Battalion,  2  killed. 

Cipt.  Joiis  L.vMii's  CoMPAW.    A'/Z/ef?.— Solomon  Kusscll,  Martin  Clark. 

Wounded. — Cnpt.  Liimb,  Hartho.  Fisher,  Tlios.  Oliver,  Kly  Gladhill,  Darns  Burns. 

Prisouers. — Lt.  Andrew  Moody,  dipt.  Lockhart,  vol.;|  Joseph  Ashton,  Ser>!t.; 
Rob-.  Uaird,  Itolit.  Barwick,  James  Arvin,  John  Ashficld,  Casper  Steynian,  Moses 
Braekit,  G'jor^^e  Carpenter,  Thomas  Winter,  Jacob  Lennit,  Joseph  Spencer,  Thomas 
Thorp,  John  Conet,  Joseph  Dean,  Henj.  Vandervert,  John  Murtin,  John  Fisher, 

LUlid  in  the  Kimj's  service. — James  Patten,  John  Poalk,  John  Wilson,  Thomas 
Deys,  Wil  iaiu  Wliitwell,  Tlio-i.  Morrison,  David  Stone,  John  Ivelley,  Joliu  Johns- 
ton, John  Lui'ox,  Wni.  MrLion,  John  Uittcrs,  Peter  Fonton,  Shelby  Holland,  Peter 
Nestle  [Miitrcss,]  David  Torrey. 

Capt.  Danmki,  JFougan's  CoMi'ANY.  KiUrd.  —  Lt.  Humphrey,  AVm.  RutlidKC, 
Corneliu-i  Nonis,  David  Wilson,  Peter  Wolf,  John  Moore,  Matthew  Ilarbluson, 
Rich'd  Colbert. 

Wounded.  —  Bi'nj.  Cackley,  Solomon  Fitzpatrlck,  Daniel  Anderson,  Spencer 
George',*  Daidel  Durst,  llezekiah  Pliillips,  Adam  Ilizkill,  John  McGuire,-  Jesse 
Wheeler.* 

Prisoners.— CA\>i.  Morgan;  Lt.  Wm.  Heath,  2d,  |Heth];  Lt.  Bruin,  3d,  [slightly 
wounded  I;  Wm.  Fickhis,  Sergt. ;  Charles  Porterfleld,  Sergt. ;  John  Donaldson, 
Sergt  ;  John  Kogeis,  Corp.;  BcnJ  Grabb,  Corp.;  John  Burns,  John  Conner,  Solo- 
mon Veal,  Jacob  Sperry,  Adam  Kurts,  John  Shoults,  Charles  Grim,  Peier  Locke, 
John  Stephens,  Davii;  Giifflth,  John  Pearce,  Ber.j  Roderick,  Thomas  W'illiams, 
Gasper  de  Hart,*  BenJ.  Jlclntirc,  Jeremiah  Gordon,  Rowland  Jacobs,  Daniel  Davis, 
Jehu  Brown,  John  Oram,  John  !Maid,  John  Ilarbinson,  Jedediali  Phillips,  Jacob 
Ware,  Absalom  Brown,  Thomas  Chapman,  Charles  Secrests,  Jeremiah  Riddle,  * 
William  Flood,  Wdliam  (ireenway,  Rub't  Mitchell. 

Listed  in  the  Kiny's  service.— John  Cockran,  Curtis  Bramingham,  Timothy  Fcely, 
Edw.  Stedes,  Patrick  Dooland,  Christopher  Dolton,  Rob't  Churchill. 

Capt.  William  Henduick's  Company.  Killed.— Capt.  Hendriek,  Deiinis  Kcl- 
Icy,  John  Campbell. 

iro((H(/t-rf.— John  Hendeison,  John  Chesney,  Abraham  Swagijerty,  Philip  Baker. 

Prisoners — Lt.  Francis  Nichols,  Thomas  Gibson  (Sergt.),  Wm.  M'Coy  (Sergt.), 
John  Chambers,   Uobt.  Steele,  John   Blair,  Rieh'd  M'Cluor,  James  Reed,  John 


11^' 


*0n  the  4tli  January,  1770,  Cohincl  Allan  Maclkan,  of  the  84th  Kogimont  of  "  Uoyal 
Emigrants,"  visited  the  prisoners  and  took  their  names  and  places  of  nativity.  Tlioso  of 
British  birth  were  recpiired  ti.'  enlist  in  this  regiment,  under  the  threat  of  otherwise  being 
sent  to  England  and  tried  as  traitors,  lender  this  threat  many  enlisted,  and  some  doing 
BO  improved  favorable  opiKirtiinities  to  desert,  '''liis  list  of  killed,  wounded  and  taken 
prisoners  is  evidently  inconipletcv 

t  Tills  name  is  written  Febiger,  Nebegry,  Frebeoer,  Fobeger,  and  Pheboger.  The  correct 
orthography  is  Kebigir. 

t  Probably  Capt.  Samual  Lockwood,  Greenwich,  Conn.    A  sea-captain. 


APPENDIX. 


97 


of 


}Ct 


McLin,  Honry  McGown,  Edward  RoJdin,  Dnniel  Xorth,  Matthew  Taylor,  Daniel 
Graham,  Tho.  Anderson,  GcorRo  Morrison,  John  Ray,  Wm.  Kirkpatrick,  Wm. 
Gammel,  Henry  Crone  |Sergt.],  Jacob  Mason. 

Listed  in  the  Kino's  senjice.— Henry  Turpentine,  Joseph  Greer,  Sernt.,  Baniabas 
McGiiire,  Matthew  Cunning,  Daniel  Carlisle,  Richard  Lynch,  P!  '  Maxwell,  Peter 
Burns,  Thomas  Wilherup,  Thomas  Murdock,  Francis  Furlow,  Wm.  Shannon, 
Edw'd  Morton,  Roger  Casey,  Wm  Snell,  George  Morrow,  Daniel  M'Cleland,  James 
Ireland,  Daniel  O'Hara,  Michael  Younfr,  John  Iliirdy,  Jnmes  Greer,  Peter  Fraincr, 
James  Hogge,  William  Burns,  Wm.  O'Hara,  Alexander  Burns,  Joseph  Caskey, 
John  Cove,  Arch'd  McFurlin,  Tliomns  Greer,  William  Smith,  Joseph  Wright,  John 
Carswell,  John  Gardner,  Thomas  Lisbe. 

Capt.  Smith's  Company.  ^/Werf.  —  Alexander  Elliot,  Henry  Miller,  Ingrahart 
Mortworth,  James  Angles. 

Wounded.— lA.  Rich'd  Steele,  John  Miller,  Thomas  Silborne,  Peter  Carbough. 

Prisoners.— Kobt.  Cunningham,  Thomas  Boyd,  Sergt.,  Sam'l  Carbough,  Philip 
Newhouse,  Conrad  Meyers,  Conrad  Slieyers,  Valentine  Willcy,  John  Shaeffcr 
fdrummerl,  Mieh«el  Shoaf,  Anthony  Lebant,  John  Henry,  vol.,  Edw.  Egnew,  Pat- 
rick Campbell,  Jo-^eph  Doekerty,  Nicholas  Nogle,  Thomas  Gunn. 

Listed  in  King's  service.  —  Joseph  Snodgrass,  Sergt.;  Henry  Herrigan,  Corp.; 
Henry  MeAnally,  Michael  Fitzpatrick,  Edward  Cavener,  Timothy  Conner,  William 
Randolph,  Rob't  Richmond,  Alexander  McCartcr,  John  Anderson,  Ilngh  Boyd, 
Thomas  Walker,  Joseph  Higgins,  Daniel  Crane,  Henry  Taylor,  Thomas  Pugh. 

Capt.  Handchitt's  Company.  Killed.— LU  Sam'l  Cooper,  Nath'l  Goodrich, 
Wm.  Goodrich,  Peter  Heady,  Spencer  Mcrwick,  John  Morriss,  Theophilus  Hide. 

Wounded. — David  Sage,  [Sergt.] 

Pz-ZsoftfTS.— Capt.  Oliver  II andehitt;  Lt.  Abijiih  Savage;  IBcnj.  Catlin,  Quart.; 
Peliitiah  Dewey,  Sergt.;  Gabriel  Ilodgkiss,  1st  Sergt.;  Gershom  Wilcox,  Sergt.; 
Roswell  Riinsoni,  Corp.;  Jedediah  Dewey,  Corp.;*  John  Risden,  Samuel  Biggs, 
Samuel  Bliss,  Rieli'd  Brewer,  Sum'l  llurroughs,  Nath'l  Coleman,  Stephen  Fosbury,* 
Isaac  George,  2 Isaac  Kiiapp,  Edw'd  Lawrence,  Joel  Loveman,*  3  Elijah  Marshall, 
Daniel  Rice,  4  David  Sheldon,  Ichahod  Swaddle,  Jonathan  Taylor,  Solomon  Way,* 
Noah  Wliipple,  Abncr  Stocking,  Moses  White,  GSiraon  Winter. 

Listed  in  the  Kiiu/s  service — tiJohn  Basset,  Drummer;  Patrick  Ncwgcnt. 

Capt.  Topiiam's  Company.  Killed. — Charles  King,  Caleb  Hacker,  Hugli 
Blackburn. 

IWritton  Chattin  by  Thayer. 

2Knlisto(l  out  of  Capt.  Caleb  Trowbridge's  Co.  into  Capt.  Ilanchet's  Co.,  for  the  Canada 
Expedition,  Sept.  5, 1775. 

3  EuUsUkI  out  of  Major  Roger  Enos'  Co.,  about  tlio  beginning  of  September,  1775,  into 
Capt.  Uancliet's  Co.,  Col.  Wyllys'  IJegt,  Col.  Arnold's  detachiuGnt. 

4 Sou  of  Uavid  Sheldon. 

6  Was  a  minor,  and  an  apprentice  of  Joseph  Forward.    Was  dead  January  31, 1777. 

GJohn  Kazzlc,  Dram  Major,  Conn.  State  I'apers,  HI,  p.  040. 

The  following  names  belonging  to  Capt.  Ilanchet's  Company  are  added  from  the  Con- 
necticut State  I'apers,  Kev.  War,  HI,  pp.  G49-0C6 : 

Samuel  Demise. 

Elishraa  Hrandekce. 

Joseph  Lewis;  was  a  soldier  in  Capt.  Ilanchct'B  Co.,  and  was  not  taken  prisoner. 

Aaron  Unll;  wnsfiferof  Capt.  Ilanchet's  Co.  at  Quebec. 

Jas.  Morris;  was  of  Capt.  Ilanchet's  Co.  at  (Quebec,  not  taken  prisoner. 

Daniel  Judd;  a  soldier  in  Capt.  Ilanchet's  Co.,  went  out  iu  Capt.  Trowbridge's  Co.  from 
New  llaven. 

James  Kuowles;  was  the  Ensign  in  Capt.  Uancliet's  Co. 
13 


98 


APPENDIX. 


I 


ll-f-    « 
\i  { 


Wounded.— Josc]>h  Konnyon,  Tinker  Gnrlin. 

Pr/*07jtrs. —Capt.  Jolin  Topluitn,  Lt.  Joseph  Wclih,  Lt.  Eilw.  SlonUum,  Matthew 
Cof,'-hull,  Serfit. ;  John  Fiiu'li,  Scrfri. ;  Reuben  Johnson,  Sertjt.;  Stephen  Tift,  I'liilip 
Itollins,  John  Dai'ling,  Ohvcr  Dunnel,  \Vm.  Underwood,  Wm.  Thomas,  Isaac  Uea- 
tcy,  Ciiark's  Shennan,  Benj.  Irvin,  Ucnj.  Duifco,  Wm.  Pitman,  Wm.  Clarlt,  John 
Bentley,  Jeremiah  Cliild,*  Thomas  Price,  Samuel  Gccrs,  Anthony  Sulisbury. 

Listed  in  the  Kinr/'s  service. — Daniel  Booth,  Sorgt. ;  Michael  Clausey,  John  Lin- 
den, James  Green,  Patrieli  Kelley,  Tot)in8  Burlte. 

Capt.  Thayer's  Company.    Killed— Dank\  Davidson,  Patrick  Tracy. 

Wounded  —John  Kankins,  David  Williams,*  Peter  Field. 

i')v'.s'0)/e?vs.— Capt.  Simeon  Thayer,  Lt.  Humphreys,  Silas  Wheeler,  Thomas  Law 
[Low],  James  Ilayden,  Jnnies  Stone,  Silas  Hooker,*  Joca  han  Jiieohs,  Stephen 
Mills,  Daniel  Liiwrence,  Elijah  Fowkr,  Bannister  Waterman,  Jonathan  Seott,* 
Cornelius  Hny;erty,  Benj.  West,  Jesse  Turrell,  Samuel  Introlds,  Andrew  Henman.* 

Listed  in  Kiii;j'ii  service. — Thomas  VniiC,  Sergt.;  Mofes  Heminsway,  John  Rob- 
inson, William  Dixon,  Wm.  Clements,  Kdw.  Connor,  Patiitk  Haninjiton. 

Ciipt.  GoouKicn's  Company.     Killed.— Anws  Bridj^e. 

Wonndrd  — Noi.h  Cluff,  Naih'l  Lord. 

iViso/iers.— Capt.  Wm.  Goodrich,  Lt.  John  Cumpton,  Ashley  Goodrich,  Serjjjt.  ; 
Augustus  Drake,  Scrgt. ;  Fcstns  Drake,  Daniel  Doyle,  Jnbez  Chalker,  IJenj.  Buck- 
man,  Samuel  liuckman,  Paul  Doran,  John  Parrot,  John  Lee,  David  Pettes,  Caleb 
Northrup,  Roswell  Ballard,*  Roswill  Foot,  Oliver  A  eery,  Klijah  Alden,  Benj. 
Pcarce,  Abncr  Day,  John  Taylor,  Josiidi  Root,  Hich'd  Sliackley. 

C.ipt.  Waud's  Co.MPANY.  Killed.— Hinhop  Standley,  Thomas  Shepherd,  John 
Stephen. 

Wonndfd  — Eufi'r  James  Tisdell,  Nath'l  Brown,  Corp. ;  J.ibez  Brooks. 

Prisonns.—C:\\>t.  Samuel  Ward,  Lt.  John  Clark,  Lt.  Svivanu.s  Shaw,  Amos  Boyn- 
ton,  Serjit.;  John  Sleeper,  Corp  ;  Samutl  HalbrooUs,*  John  Goodhue,  John  Slmck- 
ford,  Moses  Merrill,  Nath'l  liabson,  Finoch  Foote,  Jacob  True,  Josiah  Gcorfje, 
l>bene/.er  Tolman,  Thomas  Gay,  John  Stickncy,  I'li.jaii  Do'e,  Fli.jah  Haydcn,* 
Jeremiah  (irccnman,  Fiios  Chillis,  Gilbert  Caswell,  John  (Jridlcy,  Wm.  Dorr,  James 
Rust,  Joseph  Pool,  Israel  Barrit,  Bartholomew  Foster,*  Joaoph  Ware,  Thomas 
Fisher,  Joseph  Osburn.* 

LiKtfd  in  Kiii;/'s  service  — Charles  Ilarkins. 

[John  Hickcy  was  «  member  of  Captain  Ward's  company.] 

Capt.  IIunnAitu'.s  Company.    Kill<d.—Ci\\n.  Hubbard,  Ser^t.  Wcstcn. 

P;vso»ers.— Lt.  Sam'-  Brown,  Jonathan  Ball,  Sergt. ;  Mitiath  Farmer,  Serfjt.;* 
Luther  Fi.irbanks,  Scr>;t.;  Thomas  Nichols,  Oliver  Smith,  Simon  Fobcs,  David 
Patch,*  Thomas  Mclntirc,*  Benj.  Phillips,*  Timothy  Rice*  [mortally  wounded 
and  (lied  in  the  hospital  |,  Joseph  White,  Aaron  Heath,  Wm.  Chamberlain,  Anthony 
Jones,  Russcl  Chiik,  Paul  Clap,  Joseph  Parsons,  Samuel  Bates,  Luke  Nobles,* 
Jo.soph  Burr,  Oliver  Edwards,  George  Mills. 

Listed  in  King's  seru/ce.— Charles  McGuire,  Morris  Ilnyward,  John  Hall. 

[Twelve  men  of  Captain  Hnbbard's  company  were  from  Worcester,  Mass.] 

Capt.  ">KAi«BonN'8  Company.  Pi-isonei-s. —  Capt.  Henry  Dearborn,  Lt.  Nath'l 
Ilutchir^,  lit.  Amos  Andrews,  Lt.  Josc])h  Thomas,  John  Flanders,  Jona.  Perkins, 
Calc'i  '.''js,  Jona.  Fofijie,  Wm,  Taylor,  Wm.  Preston,  Ebcn'r  Tuftle,  Moses  Kim- 
ball, J'  eph  Smith,  James  Mclvin,  James  Beverley,  Jonathan  Smith,  Samuel  Sins, 
Thomas  Holmes,  Mosos  Folnsby,  Charles  Hilton,  John  Morgan,  Enos  Reynolds, 
Ellplias  Reed,  Robert  Heath,  Elkanor  Danforth,  Nath'l  Martin,  Jonathan  Norris, 
John  Dobbin,  John  McCalni,  Charles  Budget,  Samuel  Hcwes,  Aaron  Scrjant. 

Total  Killed,  ;i5;  Wounded,  ;J3;  Prisoners,  372;  Total,  440. 

yo)'fc/(i/'ccs.— Killed,  13;  Wounded,  L 

Total  Killed,  Wounded  and  Taken,  45'!. 


^' 


APPENDIX. 


99 


Lim- 

)ld8, 


Memorakda. 

Captain Ayres  leil  a  l)Oily  of  pioneers  tliroii;;li  tlie  wildornoss  to  l)]aze 

trees  iiiul  "  snai^  "  In:  "les,  "so  tliut  lie  ini;;lit  prueecd  in  peit'eet  swurhy."— Ik nry. 

Lieiueiiaiit  Anduhw  Moody,  of  Cupt.  Luiub's  company,  alter  being  exchanged, 
received  the  cuniinisslon  of  Captain. 

Lieutenant  William  Cuoss  "was  a  handsome  little  Irishman,  always  neatly 
dres'^ed,  and  coniinandcd  [on  the  Isle  of  Orleans]  a  detachment  of  about  twenty 
men."    lie  was  not  in  the  attack  on  Quebec. —/ytury. 

Sergeant  William  McCoy,  of  Ilendricic's  company,  was  an  excellent  clerk,  and 
CJime  into  favor  with  Governor  Carleton  by  giving  to  Mnjor  Murray,  oi  the  garriaon, 
a  copy  of  his  journal  of  the  route  through  the  wilderuess  iulo  Canada.  He  was  a 
sedate  and  sensible  man. — Henry. 

Metcalf,  was  a  volunteer  from  Pcnn.sylvania. 

Peter  Nestle,  of  Lamb's  artillery,  eidisted  in  the  British  service  to  secure  an 
opporiunity  to  escape,  wliich  he  did,  and  joined  the  company  at  Montreal.  He  was 
made  a  subaltern. 

John  Tidd  was  a  skillful  boatman,  and  very  useful  in  his  vocation  during  tho 
march  through  the  wilderness. 

John  M.  Taylor,  "  keeti  and  bold  as  an  Irish  grey- hound,"  a  ready  penman  and 
excellent  accountiint,  was  made  by  Colonel  Arnold  purveyor  and  commissary  in  the 
•wilderness.— //e">y. 

William  Reynolds,  or  Rannels,  of  Smith's  company,  "  was  miserably  sick,  and 
returned  in  the  boius."  Oct.  4,  Mr.  Henry  purchased  his  rifle  for  twelve  dollars. 
It  was  short,  carried  about  forty-five  biUis  to  the  pound,  the  stock  greatly  shattered, 
and  worth  not  over  forty  shillings.  Never  did  a  gun,  ill  as  its  appearance  was, 
shoot  with  greater  certainly.  Previous  to  this  purchase,  Henry  had  lost  his  hat, 
knapsack  and  rifle,  in  the  river  by  the  upsetting  of  his  bout,  as  it  swept  down  a 
rapid. 

John  Shaeflfcr  was  a  drummer,  and  purblind.  In  the  course  of  the  toilsome 
march  he  would  frequently,  in  crossing  ravines  on  logs,  tumble,  drum  and  r.ll,  into 
the  abyss  below.  This  man,  blind,  starving,  and  almost  naked,  bore  his  drum 
(which  was  unharmed  by  all  its  jostlings)  safely  to  Quebec,  when  many  other  hale 
men  died  in  the  wilderuv^s.  He  was  a  brother  of  Jacotj  Sliaeirer,  a  respectable  citi- 
zen of  Lancaster,  Peun.    Army  life  did  not  improve  his  habits.— 7y«in/. 

Jesse  Wheeler  was  an  excellent  shot,  and  his  rifle  was  in  frequent  requisition  to 
procure  game  in  the  march  through  the  wilderness. 

Timothy  Connor  and  Kdward  Cavanagh  were  Irishmen.  Both  settled  in  Penn- 
sylvania after  the  war.    The  legislature  of  that  State  granted  the  latter  a  pension. 

James  Dougherty  was  employed  as  a  boatman  in  the  expedition  through  the 
wilderness. 

J.  M.  Gwinn  was  a  volunteer  from  Virginia. 

John  Martin,  of  Capt.  Lamb's  company,  was  a  hardy,  daring,  and  active  young 
man.  He  undertook  to  convey  to  the  American  camp  intelligence  of  the  purpose 
of  tho  prisouerti  to  attempt  an  escape.  In  this  hazardous  enterprise  he  was  success- 
ful.—//ow*/. 


100 


APPENDIX. 


If.' 


List  op  Balances  due  to  Sonduy  Soldiers  in  the  Year  1778. 

Luthor  Trowbridgo £4  4  4 

Thomus  (jlould 3  7  7 

'riioinas  ItiittiT 3  G  6 

Jdlin  BalUarcu 15  0 

Jnbi'z  Uro.ik.1 3  4  7 

Aaron  Olt'vcliuiil 5  0  10 

John  Chaplin.     2  8  10 

Joseph  I'asset 3  17  4 

Thoni'\s  Uoiigliorty 2  0  5 

Kl ijah  llauon 2  3  4 

Ik'iijamin  M.  Kiiiney. 8  6  8 

Klxmozdr  LaiiKh'y 3  12  1 

John  C'aiT  Uoberts 4  6  8 

Enoch  HichunUoD , 6  3  2 

Uisliop  IStanley 1  8  0 

John  tStcriMis 3  14  1 

Thomas  Sniitli 3  1  8 

John  ClaikB 1  15  9 

Jame3  Williams 10  8 

i;67      16      11 

I  certify  that  Lieut.  Colonel  Samuel  Ward,  in  the  final  settlement  of  his  account  with  the 

United  .States,  acsounted  for  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  ninety-two  dollars  and  44-100,  ns 

due  to  tlie  individuals  contained  on  the  within  List,  and  tliat  sum  w.is  deducted  out  of  his 

account  as  valued  by  the  Bcale  of  depreciation  ou  the  lirst  of  January,  177H,  a  4  for  1. 

John  White,  Clerk. 
Capt.  Samuel  Ward, 

To  Benedict  Aunold. 
Sept.  11,  1775.     Bill  Clothing  furnished  his  Company  at  Cambridge,  by  tho  Qr.  Mr. 
Gen'l,  viz: 

[Here  follow  the  items.] 
Towards  the  ei..'l  money  was  charged  to 

2(!  Sept'r.      Thomas  Dougherty,  Jabez  Brooks,  John  llickey,  who  were  doul)tlet>8  mem- 
bers ol  Capt.  Ward's  Con.pany. 


Note  L    Pugo  33. 

As  some  ii.atclies  might  bo  noeesisary  lu  that  e\ent  [viz:  ovcrcominj;  the  guard 
at  St.  John's  giite,  anil  turning  t!ie  cuiiuoii  upon  tht  city,]  uiid  tli-ruM'oulil  he  ocea- 
sion  for  powder,  in  was  procured  in  liio  Collowinpiin.ienious  way.  Some  hniiill  gun 
carriages  were  Uiade,  irmuted  with  paper  cr.iinon,  a  few  iiiehes  in  I'.Migth.  Kinhra- 
sures  were  cut  with  a  kuife  In  tlie  front  board  of  the  berths  on  o])posite  sides  of  the 
room;  and  two  parties  were  formed  for  the  pigmy  C9ntc»t.  The  blaze  and  report, 
as  loud  as  smitil  pi.stols,  created  much  merriment.  For  this  sport,  many  cariiidges 
were  obtained,  most  of  which  were  carefully  laid  asido  for  other  purposes.— iic/wy. 


NOTK   K. 

Scdfovh-lc,  in  his  History  of  Sharon,  (pp.  I."),  40,)  states  that  a  company  from  that 
town  raareiied  under  Mont:jomery  to  Canada,  and  that  (our  members  of  that  com- 
pany wore  with  Colonel  Ktlian  Allen  in  his  attempt  on  Montreal,  viz:  "  Adonljidi 
Maxam,  DavlJ  Golf,  William  (iray,  and  Sami'Ci  Lewis.  They,  togelhor  with  Kojjer 
Moore,  of  Salisbury,  were  among  ihoso  who  were  carried  to  luigland  will:  .illen. 
Alexander  Spenc^^'r,  of  Sharon,  joined  Arnold's  expedilicn  through  the  wildernes.s, 
but  died  on  the  niarcb. 


APPENDIX. 


\ 


m 


4 

7 
6 
0 
7 

10 
10 
4 
5 
4 
8 
1 
8 
2 
5 
1 
8 
9 
8 


iliru- 

ihfa 

port, 


tlint 

iillV 

riijiili 
toUiT 
Lllt-n. 
mess, 


Note  L. 

The  author  of  the  History  of  Connecticut  states  that  Morgan  took  command  after 
Arnold  received  his  wound  and  was  taken  to  the  hospital.  Tiiis  is  an  error.  Ar- 
nold's division  in  tlie  assault  was  a  battalion  or<;anization,  and  Lis  s^ccond  in  com- 
mand was  Lieut.  Colonel  Greene,  and  his  third,  Mjyor  Mei^s.  Accordinji  to  lJr_ 
Senter's  Journal,  (p.  34,)  after  Arnold  retired  from  ihetield,  the  division  ^.•as  "under 
the  command  of  Lieut.  Colonel  Greene."  Morgan  joined  Arnold  with  a  single 
company  of  riflemen  from  Virginia,  and  was  at  uo  time  in  a  position  to  rank  Lieut. 
Colonel  Greene. 

Note  M. 

Letters  fbom  Colonbl  Aknold  to  General  'Washisotoh. 

Second  i'oRTAOK  from  Konnoboc  to  tho  Dead  River,  ^ 
Uct.  13,  1776.  ) 

May  IT  PLEASK  Yorii  Exckli.escy : 

A  person  going  duwu  tho  rivt-r  presents  the  first  opportunity  I  have  had  of  Vfritinp  your 
Excellency  since  I  left  Fort  Western ;  since  which  we  have  '.uul  a  very  futiguiiig  time  'I  he 
men  in  general  not  understanding  butteaux  have  been  obliged  to  wade  and  liuul  tlieni  for 
more  than  halfway  up  the  river.  The  last  division  i.-^  just  arrive  d  cxcejit  a  few  battcaux. 
Three  divisions  are  over  the  liriit  carrying  place,  and  us  the  men  are  in  spirits  I  nmke  no 
doubt  of  reaching  the  Chaudiero  river  in  eight  or  ten  days;  the  greatest  di.'n  iiity  being, 
I  hopt,  already  past.  We  have  now  with  us  about  twenty-live  days'  provisions  for  the 
whole  detaciinieiit,  consisting  of  about  nine  hundred  and  lifty  ellVetive  men.  I  intended 
making  an  exact  return,  but  must  defer  it  until  I  come  to  Cliaudiere.  I  have  ordered  the 
commissary  to  hire  people  acnuainted  with  the  river  and  forward  on  the  provisions  left 
behind  (about  KX)  barrels)  to  the  Great  ("arrying-place,  to  secure  our  retreat.  The  expense 
will  be  considerable,  but  wliou  set  in  competition  with  the  lives  or  liberty  of  so  many 
brave  men,  I  iliiuk  it  trilling,  iiid  if  we  succeed,  the  provisions  will  not  be  lost. 

I  have  had  no  intelligence  from  Gen.  Schuyler  or  Canada,  and  expeci  none  until  1  reach 
Chaudieru  pond,  where  I  expect  a  return  of  my  express  and  to  iletermine  my  plan  of  ope- 
ration; which,  as  it  is  to  b '  governed  by  circumstances,  1  can  say  no  more  than  if  we  are 
obliged  to  return,  I  believe  we  shall  havi?  a  sultlciency  of  provisions  to  reach  this  place, 
where  the  supply  ordered  the  commissary  to  send  forward,  will  enable  us  to  return  on  our 
way  home  so  far,  that  your  Kxcelleiicy  will  be  able  to  relieve  us.  It  we  proceed  on  wo 
shall  have  sullicient  stock  to  reach  the  I'rench  inhabitants,  when  wo  can  bo  supplied,  if 
not  QuetMiO. 

I  am  with  the  greatest  respect, 

Your  Excellency's  most  obed't,  h'ble  serv't, 

U.  AuNotn. 

p.  8.  Yf  ur  Excellency  may  possibly  thli.k  wo  have  been  tardy  In  our  marcli,  as  we  have 
gained  so  little;  but  when  you  consider  the  badueiis  and  weight  of  the  butteaux  and  the 
large  quantity  of  provisions,  &c.,  we  have  lieen  obliged  to  force  up  nguinst  a  very  nipid 
stn>am,  where  you  would  have  taken  the  men  for  amphibious  aiiiiiiuls,  as  they  were  gri'at 
part  of  the  time  under  water;  add  to  this  the  great  fatigue  in  portage,  you  will  think  I 
have  pushed  the  men  as  fast  as  could  possibly  have  lM>en.  The  ollicers,  volunteers  and  pri- 
vates, have  in  general  acted  with  tlie  greatest  spirit  and  Industry. 

Inclosed  U  a  copy  o(  myjouruul,  which  1  fancied  your  Kxcelleiicy  might  buglad  to  see. 

CiiACDixBE  I'oM),  2Tth  Got.,  1776. 

MaV   it  VLKArtlt  YOUU  EXC-|CL1.MCY: 

My  last,  of  the  13lh  Inst,  from  I'ortage  to  tho  Dead  Itlver,  odvl.dng  your  Kxcellency  of 
our  proceedings.  I  make  no  doubt  yoa  liavo  received  I  then  ex|iecled  to  have  n>ached 
this  ]iluce  by  the 'JIth  Inst.,  but  the  excessive  heavy  rains  and  bud  weather  have  much 
retarded  our  niurch.  I  tiuve  this  minute  arriv>.d  here  v.ith  bt  veiity  iiieii,  and  met  a  iiison 
on  his  return,  whom  I  sent  down  some  lime  since  to  the  Kn<ncli  inhabitants.  He  Informs 
me  they  aiipear  very  friendly,  and  by  the  best  Information  ku  could  get,  will  very  gladly 


102 


APPENDIX. 


join  us.  lie  says  thoy  inrormod  him  Gon.  Schuyler  Iifld  hud  a  battle  witli  the  rpj^ilar 
troops  at  or  near  St.  Jolin's,  in  wliich  the  latter  lost  in  killed  and  wounded,  near  tOO;  (this 
account  appears  very  imperfect)  and  that  there  wero  few  or  none  of  the  king's  troops  at 
t^uehee,  and  no  advice  of  our  coining. 

Three  days  since,  I  left  the  ])rincii)al  part  of  the  ditachuient  about  three  leagues  below 
the  CJreat  Carrying-place;  and  as  onr  ]irovi.-ions  were  short,  by  reason  of  losing  a  nnndier 
of  loaded  batteau.x  at  the  falls  and  rapid  waters,  1  ordered  all  the  sick  and  feeble  to  return, 
and  wrote  t'ols.  Knos  and  Greene 'o  bring  on  in  their  divisions  no  more  men  than  they 
could  furnish  with  lifteeu  days'  provisions,  and  to  send  back  the  rsmainJer  to  the  commis- 
sary. As  the  roads  i)rovo  much  worse  than  1  e.xpected,  and  the  season  may  possibly  bo 
severe  in  a  few  days,  1  am  determined  to  set  out  immediately  witli  five  batteaux  and  ab(Uit 
fifteen  men  for  Sai'tigan  which  1  e.Njiect  to  reacli  in  three  or  four  days,  in  order  to  procuro 
a  sujiply  >;f  i)rovisionK  and  forward  hack  to  the  detachment;  the  whole  of  which  I 
don't  exjiect  will  reach  them  in  less  than  eight  or  ten  days.  If  I  Jiud  the  i-neniy  are  not 
apprised  of  our  coming,  and  tliere  is  any  prospect  of  surprising  the  city,  1  shall  attempt 
it  as  soon  as  1  have  a  proper  number  of  men  uj).  If  I  should  be  disi'iipointed  in  my  i)ros- 
pect  that  way,  1  shall  uwuit  the  arrival  of  (he  whole  and  endeavor  to  cut  oil' their  commu- 
nication with  Gov.  Carleton,  who,  I  am  told,  is  at  Montreal. 

Our  nuircli  has  been  attemled  with  an  annizing  deal  of  fatigue,  which  the  ollicers  and 
men  have  borne  with  cheerfulness.  I  have  been  much  deceived  in  every  account  of  our 
route,  which  is  longer  and  has  been  attended  with  a  thousand  dilliculties  1  never  appre- 
hended; but  if  crewned  with  success  and  conducive  to  tlie  public  good,  I  shall  think  it  but 
trilling. 

1  am  with  the  greatest  respect, 

Your  Excellency's  most  obed't  h'blosorv't, 

15.  Ansoi.n. 

1*.  S.  As  soou  as  I  cau  get  time,  shall  send  your  Excellency  a  continuation  of  my  Jour- 
nal. U.  ^. 

I'o'.NT  Lkvx,  Nov  "    V'' 
May  it  please  your  Excei.lencv; 

My  last  letter  was  of  the  27th  of  October,  from  C'haudiere  pond,  advising  your  Excel- 
lency that  as  the  detachment  were  short  of  provisions  (by  reason  of  losing  nnmy  nf  our 
batteaux)  I  had  ordered  I'ol.  Knos  to  send  back  the  sick  and  feeble,  and  thosi  of  his  divis- 
ion who  could  not  be  sujjplied  with  lifteen  days'  i)rovii-ions,  and  that  I  inteii<led  jiroeecd- 
ing  the  next  day  with  lifteen  men  to  Sartigan,  to  send  back  provisions  to  the  delachnieiit. 
I  accordiifgly  set  out  tlu'  28th,  eaily  in  the  mornnig.  descended  the  river,  anui/.ingly  rapid 
and  r  >cky,  for  about  twenty  nules,  when  we  had  the  ndsfortune  to  stave  three  of  the  bat- 
teaux and  lose  their  provl.sions,  &c.,  but  happily,  no  lives.  I  then  di\  iili'd  the  little  jiro- 
visions  left,  and  proceeded  on  with  the  two  remaining  batteau.\  and  six  nieii,  and  very 
fortunately  reached  the  1' reach  lidiubilants  theUOth  at  night,  who  recilved  us  in  the  most 
hospitable  nuiimer.  and  sent  olf  early  the  next  morning  a  supply  of  fresh  provisi  )ns.  Hour, 
&c.,  to  the  delaclwnent,  who  ure  all  happily  arrived  (except  one  nnm  drowned  and  one  or 
two  sick— and  Col.  Emm's  division,  who,  I  am  suri)rised  to  heu.-,are  all  gone  back,)  and 
are  here  and  within  two  or  three  days' mar"h.  1  have  this  minute  received  a  letter  from 
llrlg.  lien.  Jlontgomery,  iKlvisIng  of  the  reduction  of  Chnnd>ly,  &c.  I  have  had  i.'oout 
forty  savages  join  nn-  and  intend  as  soon  as  po8slbl(>  crossing  the  ,St.  Lawrence. 

I  um  just  iid'ornn'd  by  :i  fiiend  troiu  (Quebec  Ihitt  u  frigiite  of '2*i  guns  uiid  two  transpnrtfl 
with  li'KJ  recruits,  arrlveil  there  last  Sunday,  which  with  another  small  frigate  and  four 
other  small  armed  vessels  at  the  river.  Is  all  the  force  they  have,  except  the  In'  \\  hunts, 
very  few  of  whom  have  taken  up  arms,  and  those  by  compulsion,  who  tledare  (e.M'ept  a 
few  Engllsli)  that  they  will  lay  thi'm  down  when  atlackiil.  ihi'  town  Is  very  short  cl'pro. 
vUioiiK,  hut  well  fortilieil.  I  shall  einleavor  to  cut  ofl'  their  coniiniudcation  witi;  tliu 
country,  which  1  hope  to  be  able  to  ellect  and  bring  tliem  to  terms,  or  at  least  keep  them 
in  close  i|narters  until  the  arrival  of  den.  Montgomery,  which  I  wait  with  impatience.  I 
hope,  at  any  rale,  to  etlect  a  junrtion  with  him  <\\  Montreal. 
1  am  with  the  greatest  respect, 

Your  Excullcuuy's  luust  ubd.  servt., 

U   AuNuut. 


APPENDIX. 

NoiE  O.      Page  73. 

A  List  of  men's  names  in  Capt.  Simeon  Thayer's  Company, 
being  part  of  the  detachment  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
BknkdicI' Arnold,  in  the  expedition  for  Canada.  Cambridge, 
September  10,  1775.* 


Mc.i'8  Namod. 


Simeon  Thayer, 
Lemuel  Buy  ley, 
William  Humphrey, 
Thomiu  Pui^o, 
Thomas  Ellis, 
Moses  Bryant, 
Samuel  Sinirleton, 
Morris  Cockran, 
James  Iliiyden, 
Sihi«  Wheelur, 
Thomas  Low, 
Isaac  llawus, 
William  Clements, 
Beuoni  Patten, 
Eleazar  Tliayer, 
John  Thompson 
John  Latham, 
Stephen  Mills, 
Jonathan  Seott, 
Elijah  Fowler, 
Richard  Conden, 
Francis  Fillcbutt, 
John  Barrett, 
Robert  Hill, 
John  Turner, 
William  Willis, 
James  Harns, 
John  Bridfres, 
Moses  Hemenway, 
Andrew  Ilinman, 
Nathaniel  Parker, 
flames  Welch, 
Joseph  Lewis, 
Charles  Nutting, 
Peter  Fi.dd, 
James  Monk, 
Silas  Hooker, 
Bcn.jaminDiinan, 
Patrick  Traccy, 
Thomas  Whittemore, 
William  (iouK'e, 
Joseph  Jewell, 
Patrick  llarrinuttotJ, 
Jeremiah  Mosher, 
Davis  Willhimt, 
Caleb  Gordon, 


What 
Capacity. 

Captain. 
Ist.  Lieut 
ad.    do. 
1st.  Serg't 
ad.     do. 

do. 

do. 
iHt.  Corp'l. 
2d.     do. 

do. 

do. 


Whose 
Company. 


Whose 
Regiment. 


Casualties. 


3d. 
4th. 


3d. 
4th 


Fifer. 
l^rivatc. 
do. 


Tew. 

Aldrich. 

Thayer. 

do. 
Field. 
Kimball. 

do. 
Thayer. 
Field. 
Thayer. 
Gridley. 
Fletcher. 
Gray. 
Thayer. 

do. 
Field. 
Stobbins. 

do. 
Tew. 
Bradish. 
Butler. 

do. 
Fletcher. 
Stebbins, 
Powell. 
Gray. 
C.  OIney. 
Thayer. 
Sloan, 
do. 
Field. 
Harris. 

do. 
Gleasori. 
Thayer. 

do. 
Cranston. 
Perkins 
Williams. 
Thayer. 
Ballard. 
I'erkbKi. 
Williams. 

do. 
Ballard. 


Hitchcock. 

Church. 

Hitchcock. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Gridley. 
Little. 
Brewer. 
Hitchcock. 

do. 

do. 
Brewer. 

do. 
Church 
Finney. 
Nixon. 

do. 
Little. 
Rrcwer. 
Woodbridfje 
Brewer. 
Hitchcock. 

do 
Patterson. 

do. 
Hitchcock, 
Bond, 
do. 
Nixon. 
Hitchcock. 

do. 
Whitcome. 
Little. 
Graton. 
Hitchcock. 
Fry. 
Little. 
Heath. 

do. 
Fry. 


Dismissed. 


Deserted  Sept.  13th . 


•  After  the  printlni;  of  the  Appendix  and  Index  had  J>een  complotetl,  the  above 
list  of  (Captain  Thayer's  compatiy  wiui  placed  in  the  hamls  of  the  writer,  and  is  hero 
insiirted  unpaged.  The  nanus  arc  the  sumo  an  f;)unil  on  pages  !••»  amt  i*(i,  but  with 
the  addition  of  the  names  of  the  Captains  and  Colonels,  from  whose  coravauiesand 
roglraeiits  thoy  wore  unlisted. 


APPENDIX. 


Mon's  Names. 


What 
Capa(!ity. 


Whoso 
Company. 


Whose 
Regiment. 


Casualties. 


Jabez  Dow, 

Private. 

Benjamin  West, 

do. 

Jacob  Flander, 

Stephen  Bartlett, 

Samuel  Qlasilell, 

John  Blackford, 

Abijah  Adams, 

Jacob  Good, 

John  Robinson, 

Cornelius  Hitrjfarty, 

Matthew  Philip, 

Isaac  Fillebrown, 

A  brail  am  Jones, 

Jonathan  Jacobs, 

Pasco  Austin, 

Joseph  Bosworth, 

Manic  0' Daniel, 

John  Smith, 

Daniel  Devizor, 

Abel  Ford, 

Samuel  Injcnlls, 

Thomas  Geary, 

Alexander  Spencer, 

J«"»8e  Jewell, 

8      v.'il  Williams, 

E.^  ;• 

Jamt 

GeorK*.          h. 

Nathanici  ^  eaa, 

John  Salisbury, 

Kdwanl  Mulligan, 

Eden  Conner, 

John  Holley, 

Georftc  Durant, 

Banister  Waterman, 

Joseph  Plaistow, 

William  Dixon, 

Moses  Katly, 

John  Collins, 

John  Rankin, 

John  l{yun<l. 

John  Canell, 

Samuel  Gritflth, 

John  Cambridge, 

iBallard. 
Williams. 
Ballard. 

do. 

do. 
Hall. 
Dexter. 
Thayer. 

do. 
Field. 
Hill. 
Lock. 
Kimball. 
Wilder. 
J.  Olney. 

do. 
Field. 
Powell. 
Thayer. 
Kim'ball. 
Hall, 
do. 
Sloan. 

do. 
Brown. 
J.  0::,ey. 

do. 
Cranston. 

do. 
Brown. 
Gleason, 
Butler. 
Talbott. 
Whiting. 
Curtis, 
Hill.' 
Brown. 

<lo. 
Mclnster. 
Elliot. 
Gleason. 
Butler, 
Dexter. 
Thayer. 


Fry. 
Heath. 
Fry. 
do. 
do. 
Bond. 

Woodbridge 
Hitchcock. 

do. 

do. 
Shermond. 
Bond. 
Hitchcock. 
Little. 
Hitchcock. 

do. 

do. 
Whitcomo 

do. 

do. 
Bond, 
do. 
Patterson. 

do. 
Bond. 
Hitchcock. 

do. 
Whitcome. 

do. 
Bond. 
Nixon. 

do. 
Hitchcock. 
Brewer. 
Lamed. 
Shermond. 
Bond, 
do. 
Patterson. 
Pufniim. 
Nixon. 

do. 
[Woodbridge 
Hitchcock. 


Dis'd  iu  Cambridge. 
Do.  do. 


Dis'd  in  Cambridge. 


Dis'd  in  Cambridge. 


Deserted. 
Deserted. 
Dis'd  in  Cambridge. 


Dis'd  in  Cambridge. 


David  Lawrence, 


0.  Olney.     |       do.  j 


In   room    of    Manio 

O'Diiniel. 
In  room   of   George 

Durant. 


I 


\ 


APPENDIX. 


Note  P.      Page  78.     ' 
RETURN    OF   THE    SECOND    BATTALION    IN   THE    STATE  OF  RHODE 
ISLAND,  COMMANDED  BY  COL.  ISRAEL  ANGELL.* 


ridge. 

0. 


ridge, 
•idge. 


idgo. 
Idge. 


Innie 
orge 


Nkwpoet— 81. 

Arthur  Smith, 

John  Exeung, 
John  Chadwick, 

William  Parker, 

Francis  Gold, 

John  Gibbons, 

Abner  Ru«sell, 

John  Bentley, 

Benjamin  Fowler, 

Uriah  Wilboui', 

Natlmn  West, 

Edmond  Pinegar, 

Joseph    Brown, 

Joseph  Paine, 

Nicholas  Wilson, 

Richard  Shield, 

Elisha  Austin 

John  Horswel'l. 

Daniel  Phillips, 

Elias  Bryer, 
Jeremiah  Grinman, 

Weston  Clark, 
Daniel  Barney, 
James  MItchel, 
IMchard  Pritchard, 
Southcoat  Lan^worthy, 
Bcnjanii:?  Jackson, 
Dennis  Hnj^an, 
Michael  Morigan, 
Asher  Pollock, 
Prince  Jackson. 

Pkovidknc'e— 33. 

Daniel  Hudson, 
Philip  Justis, 
Darius  Thurber, 
Nathan  Gale, 
William  Benrict, 
Steplien  Johnston, 
William  White, 
Noah  Chafcy, 
Kdward  Everson, 
Patrick  Capron, 
John  Bagen, 
John  Anion, 
Daniel  Lawrence, 
Durfey  Springer, 
Church  Vvinslow, 
Ebenezor  Wliitakor, 
James  Hopkins, 
Abijah  Fonl, 
Christopher  Moore, 
Dennis  BnuMcv, 
William  Foster, 

*  The  list  of  the  men  composing 
until  after  the  preceding  pages  had 
paging. 


James  Hale, 
William  Middleton, 
John  Walters, 
Daniel  Booth, 
John  Coats, 
Hanu  Ovander, 
John  S.  Robinson, 
Michael  Anthony, 
Joseph  Difad, 
Thomas  Graves, 
Thomas   Switchers, 
William  Brown. 

South  Kisostowk— 6. 

Ephraim  Dallev, 
John  Billiuifton, 
Joseph  Billington, 
Cuff  Peckham, 
Jos.  Nokake. 

North  Kingstown— 6. 

Jeremiah  Wilkev, 
Robert  Alnborough, 
John  Davis, 
Robert  Dixon. 
Christopher  I.  Shearman, 
Franklin  Tcnnant. 

Smithpield— 15. 

Abel  Bonsp, 
Benoni  Uishop, 
Uriah  Jones, 
Solomon  Shippey, 
Zephaniah  Woodward, 
Charles  Crosby, 
Enoch  Young, 
Atuather  Pollard, 
John  Rogers, 
Elias  Bishop, 
John  Smith, 
B.  Shrievc, 
Benjamin  Smith, 
Thomas  Harrington, 
Gideon  Dexter. 

Crahston — 5. 

Jonathan  Briggs, 
Daniel  Fonnei, 
Elonzer  Westcoat, 
Pcleg  Johnson, 
William  Kusael. 


M^jor  Thayer's  battalion  was  not  obtained 
been  printed,  and  is  ingertod  hero  without 


p 

h 

f-, 

H 

^ 
H 

\ 

■n 

m 

-  .'  ,■ 

i: 

M 

APPENDIX. 


f'-f 


Gloobstkr— 7. 

Reuben  Williams, 
Amos  Wood, 
Nathaniel  Stoddard, 
Elisha  Inman, 
Joseph  Turner, 
Stukly  Inman, 
Ephraim  Andrews. 

New  Shoeeham— 6. 

John  York, 
Job  Franklin, 
Edward  Paine, 
John  Derub, 
Edward  Dodge, 
Richard  Pomp. 

CUMBEKLAND— 4. 

John  Strange, 
David  Collar, 
Daniel  Bragg, 
Esek  Dexter. 

SCn'UATB— 6 

Benjamin  King, 
Jonathan  Harrington, 
Paine  Hinds, 
Richard  Hinds, 
William  Edwards, 
Stephen  Phillips. 

Johnston— 2. 

Asa  Johnston, 
Charles  Westcoat. 


Tiverton— 2. 

Job  Palmer, 
Abraham  Springer. 

East  Greenwich— 1. 
William  Thomas. 

ClIAULE.STOWK— 11. 

Joseph  Kenyon, 
Reuben  Johnson . 
Henry  Perry, 
Samuel  Wampy, 
Amos  Mevas, 
William  Capen, 
James  Treddel, 
John  Charles, 
Gideon  Harvy, 
Edward  Harvy, 
Thomas  Bills. 

Richmond  Town— 2. 

George  Nilcs, 
John  Doursu. 

North  rRoviDENCE— 2. 

Abraham  Hopkins, 
Richard  Thorp. 

Little  Compton— 3. 

Anthony  Salisbury, 
John  Taber, 
James  Tompkins, 


Total— 141. 
Examined  ft-om  their  several  lists  of  Returns. 


Simeon  Thaykh,  Major. 


\ 


APPENDIX. 


FORT  WILLIAM  HENRY.  Note  Q,  Papre  71.* 
Tho  porilous  situation  of  Fort  William  Henry  was  icnown  in  Rhode  Islanfl  somo 
days  before  its  fall,  and  intense  interest  was  everywhere  excited.  The  day  follow- 
ing; that  event.  *!ia  General  Assembly  met  at  Newport  and  ordered  that  one-sixth 
part  of  the  wii  jnilitia  of  tho  Colony  be  forthwith  raised  and  sent  to  Albany  to 
operate  unaci'  *.ae  comniander-in-ehief  of  His  Majesty's  forces  near  Lake  George 
for  the  prcsorv  uion  of  tho  country  from  the  ravages  of  the  enemy.  On  the  11th 
of  August.  Capt  G.  Christie,  A.  D.  Q.  M.  G.,  wrote  from  Albany  to  Gov.  Greene, 
announcing  the  capture  of  tho  Fort,  and  mentioning  the  barbarities  that  had  been 
practised  by  the  savage  allies  of  the  French  upon  the  retiring  and  defenceless  garri- 
son. The  feeling  awakened  in  Providence  by  these  tidings,  found  a  strong  and 
patriotic  expression  in  the  following  paper,  drawn  up  and  signed  by  many  promi- 
nent citizens,  and  now  for  the  first  time  made  public : 

Whereas  tho  British  Colonies  in  America  are  invaded  by  a  large  Armv  of 
French  and  Indian  liJniimies,  who,  have  already  posse<seil  themselves  of  Fort 
William  Henry,  and  are  now  on  their  march  to  penotrate  further  into  this  Country; 
anil  from  whom  wo  hive  nothing  to  expect,  shouM  they  succeed  in  their  enter- 
prize,  but  Deith  and  Devastation:  And,  as  his  Majesties  principal  Officers  in  the 
parts  Invaded,  hwe  in  the  most  prossinir  and  mi)veing  maimer,  called  on  all  his 
Majesties  faithfull  Subjects  for  Assistance  to  defend  the  Country :  Tliorefore,  wo 
whose  Names  are  Underwritten,  thinking  it  our  Duty  to  do  every  thi.ii?  in  our 
power  for  tho  Defence  of  our  Libertys,  Familys,  and  I'ropertys,  are  Willing  and  agree 
to  enter  Voluntarily  into  the  Service  of  our  (/Onnfry,  anil  no  in  a  Warlike  manner 
against  the  Common  Knemy,  and  hcrebv  call  upon  and  invito  all  our  Neighbours 
who  have  Familys,  and  Pro'icrtys  to  Dijfond,  to  Join  with  us  in  this  Uudortuking, 
Promieeinir  to  it  iich  as  S)on  as  wo  are  Two  Hundrc.l  and  I'll'ty  in  Nnml)or, 
recoraraouding  our  Selves  and  our  Causo  to  the  Favourable  Protection  of  Almighty 


Ood. 


STEPHEN    HOPKINS 
OBADIAH   BUOWN 
NICilOLAS  COOK 
nARZlLLAi    RKJIIMOND 
JOSEPH    nUCKLIJ; 
JOHN   RANDALL 
JOHN    COLE 
GIDEON    MANCHESTER 
EPHRAIM  BOWEN,  Surgeon 
JOHN    WATERMAN 
JOSEPH    ARNOLD 
JOnS    BASS,  Chaplain 
JOHN  THOMAS,  Juur. 
ALLEN  BROWN 
BENONI PEARCE 
BARNARD    EDDY 
BENJAMIN  DOUBLEDAY 


Providence,  August  15th,  1757. 
NICHOLAS  IJROWN 
JOSEPH  BROWN 
WILLIAM    WHEATON 
WILLIAM    S.MITH 
JONATHAN    CLARK 
JONATHAN  BALLOU 
JAMES    THURBER 
AMOS    KIXSICUTT 
NATIIL.    OLNEY 
JOSEPH    LAWRENCE 
THEOPHILUS    WILLIAMS 
JOHN    POWER 
BENJAMIN    OLNEY 
GEORGE    HOPKINS 
EDWARD    SMITH 
JOSEPH   WlXSOIi 
JOSEPH    COLE 


*  For  tho  roaaonii  axMgiieil  ia  notes  Oaud  P,  thU  auiliiacc«<idlag  pages  of  tho  Appandis 
are  printed  without  foUos. 


mmmmummmmmmmm 


APPENDIX. 


0 


CAPTAIN    SIMEON   THAYER.    Note  R,  Page  71. 

In  tlic  escape  from  Fort  William  Ilcnr.v,  Capt.  Thayer,  then  a  private,  became 
hroken-icinded.  The  heat  created  by  running,  :ind  the  sudden  check  of  perspiration, 
caused  by  ssvimmins  across  a  streajn,  developed  a  virulent  humor,  Avliich  troubled 
liim  many  years.  It  disappeared  soon  after  he  reached  Quebec^  with  Arnold's 
Expedition,  and  never  afterwards  returned.  To  tlic  older  men  this  expedition  was 
a  fearful  adventure,  and  it  subsequently  told  fearfully  upon  their  constitutions. 
Those  who  had  the  spring  of  youth  could  recover  their  former  elasticity  and  re- 
cuperate, whereas  the  chances  were  adverse  to  the  seniors. 

Captain  [General]  Thayer  was  with  others  associated  in  the  ownership  of  the 
township  of  Lyndon,  Vt.,  a  grant  in  which  Hon.  Jonathan  Arnold,  a  leading 
physician  of  Providence,  and  a  rcprcsenativc  in  Conj^ress  from  Rhode  Island,  was 
lor^iely  interested.  March  31,  1781,  Capt.  T.  sold  all  his  riirht  in  the  said  township 
to  Dr.  Arnold  for  '"nine  hundred  and  seventy  coutinental dollars."  The  following 
is  the  inscription  upon  his  grave  stone: 

"  Here  rests  the  Body  of  S.incon  Thayer,  who  died  Oct.  21 ,  1800,  in  the  CM  year 
of  his  aj,'c  ;  Warmly  attached  to  his  Country,  lie  early  enfra-red  in  the  war,  which 
led  to  her  independence  ;  a  I'ri.soner  on  the  IMains  of  Abniluiin  ;  wounded  in  the 
battle  of  Monmouth,  he  sulfcred  with  cheerfulness  for  the  cause  he  had  enil)raccd: 
nor  did  his  Patriotism  transcend  his  intrepidity.  In  Ihe  delince  of  Mud  Island,  ho 
became  ilhKti  ions  by  the  prudence  of  his  measures  wnd  the  coolness  of  his  courage, 
whicli  coul<l  onl.v  be  the  ofrs))ring  of  ahead  unclouded,  when  the  shades  of  death 
were  gathering  avounil  him  anil  a  heart  uiiappaHed  by  the  vision  of  his  terrors  to 
consumate  his  military  fame.  He  was  distinguished  by  the  apjirobation  of  Wash- 
ington, who  knew  that  Major  Thayer  was  a  soldier  indeed  in  whom  there  was  no 
fear,  and  as  a  proof  of  the  est<  em  of  his  lellow  citizens  he  was  chosen  General  of 
tlio  Militia  as  a  testimony  of  lilial  reverence." 


Note  S,  Page  21. 

The  fate  of  James  Warner,  among  others,  was  lamentable.  He  was  young, 
handsome  in  appearance,  and  not  more  than  twenty-live  years  of  age.  lie  was 
athletic,  ami  seemed  to  surpass  in  bodily  strength.  His  wife  was  beautiful,  though 
unpolished  in  manners.  Nothing  was  heard  of  the  couple  after  entering  a  swamp 
on  the  march,  November  1st,  until  December,  when  Mrs.  Jemima  Warner  appeared 
in  the  camp  before  (.iuebec  bearing  her  husband's  riflo,  powdor-horn  and  pouch. 
It  appeared  from  her  story  that  Warner,  unable  to  proceed,  sat  down  at  the  foot  of 
a  tree,  determining  to  die  there.  His  wife  remained  with  him  several  days,  urging 
him,  in  vain,  to  proceed.  The  provisions  divided  to  him  at  the  head  of  the  Chau- 
diero  were  nearly  consumed,  and  having  exhausted  her  i)owers  of  persuasion  to 
advance,  without  effect,  she  left  with  him  what  bread  remained  an  d  a  canteen  of 
water,  and  as  necessary  to  preserve  her  own  life,  pushed  on  for  the  American 
camp.  Warner  probably  did  not  long  survive.  Thus  perished  an  unfortunate 
mo  at  an  age  when  the  bodily  powers  are  generally  in  their  lull  pcifection,  On 
rcii.hing  the  habitations  of  the  Canadians,  Mrs,  Warner  was  kindly  entertained, 
and  appeared  in  camp  fresh  and  rosy  as  ever.  This  incident  is  but  one  of  many 
that  oecutred  tliat  illustrates  the  dangers  and  sufferings  of  the  wilderness  march. — 
Ueini/. 


\ 


Ari'ENDIX. 


CAPTAIX    SAMUEL  WARD.    Note  T,  Page  83. 

Captain  Ward's  coininission  was  issued  l)y  tlio  Coloi.i^il  Coiipress,  and  was 
sijrncd  l)y  Jolin  llaiicoclc,  I'rt'sidont.  Thofollo\/ing  is  a  literal  copy  of  the  origiual 
atill  pre    rved  aiuont;;  family  papers  : 


In  congress. 

The  Deleoat  es  of  the  United  Colonies  of  New-Hampshire,  Massachusettn-Bmj 
HhoiUMand,  Connecticut,  \  New-York,  New-Jersey ,  Pennsylvania,  the  Counties  of 
Newcastle,  Kent,  and  Sussex  on  Delaware,  Mary-land,  Viri/inia,  North  Carolina, 
and  South  Carolina,  to  Samuel  Ward,  Junior,  Esquire. 

WE  reposiny:  especial  trust  and  ronfidence  in  your  patriotism,  valour,  con- 
duet  and  lidelity,  DO  by  I  these  presents  eoiistitute  and  api)ointyou  to  lio 
Captain  of  a  Conii>aiiy,  in  tlio  I'jlh  Ui'p;i-  |  nieilt,  eoninmiided  by  Col.  Varnuni,  |  in 
tlie  army  of  the  United  Colonies,  raised  for  tlie  defence  of  American  Liberiy,  and 
for  repellintr  every  j  hostile  invasion  tlioieof.  You  are  therefore  carefully  and 
djlijicnily  to  discli:ir;;e  tiie  duty  of  Captain  |  l)y  doin;;  and  ijerforuiiniiall  muniior  of 
thinj^s  thereunto  belon^^in;^.  And  we  do  strictly  |  eluiryie  and  require  all  olileers  ami 
soldiers  under  your  coinnuind,  to  be  obedient  to  your  orders,  as  |  Captain.  And 
you  are  to  observe,  and  follow  such  orders  and  direciions  from  |  time  to  time  as  you 
shall  receive  from  this  or  a  ftiture  Congress  of  the  United  Colonies,  or  Coiumitteo 
of  I  Conjrress,  for  that  purpo.-e  apiioimed,  or  CommaiidLr  in  Chief  for  the  tiiuo 
Jjeirifx  of  the  Army  of  tin?  Uniteil  |  Colonies,  or  any  other  your  superior  officer, 
according  to  tlie  rules  and  discipline  of  w.ir,  in  pursuance  of  the  |  trust  reposed  iu 
you. 

Tills  Coiiimissioti  to  continue  in  force  until  revoked  by  this  or  a  future  Congress. 

July  1st,  1775.  By  Order  of  the   Conr/rcss. 


Attest,  Chas.  Thomson,  Secy. 


The  Superscription, 


JOUX   HANCOCK,  President. 


Samoei,  Ward,  Jn.,  Capt. 


At  Camhridsc,  Capt.  Ward  received  marked  attention  from  General  Washington. 
It  is  said  he  was  the  first  ofllcer  of  his  grade  tlure  invited  to  dine  with  the  Com- 
mander in-Chief.  In  a  letter  from  the  General  to  Governor  Samuel  Ward,  dated 
at  Cambridge,  August,  177-'),  he  says  :  "  I  diil  not  Know  till  yesterday  that  you  had 
a  son  in  the  army  ;  today  I  had  tin;  pleasure  of  his  company  at  dinner  together 
with  General  fireene  ;  Colonels  Varnum  and  Hitchcock  had  already  done  me  that 
favor.  I  think  if  occasion  should  offer,  1  shall  bo  able  to  give  you  a  good  account 
of  your  son,  as  he  seem^  a  sensible  well  iniormed  young  man." 

In  October,  177."),  Governor  Cooke,  aecompaided  by  Hon.  Henry  Ward,  Secretary 
of  State  of  llliode  Island,  went  to  Cambri'lge  to  meet  a  Committee  of  Congress, 
to  talk  over  and  arrange  matters  requisite  for  the  bcnellt  of  the  army.  This  com- 
mittee, consisting  of  Dr.  Franklin,  Colonel  Harris  and  Mr.  Lynch,  arrived  Oct.  1.). 
Concerning  these  gentlemen  General  XathanacI  (Jrcene  writes  as  follows:  "  I  had  tho 
honor  to  bo  introduced  to  that  very  great  man,  Dr.  Franklin,  whom  I  viewed  with 
silent  admiration  during  the  whole  evening.  'Attention  watched  his  lips,  and  coa- 
viction  oloscii  his  periods.'  Colonel  Harris  is  a  very  facetious,  good  humored, 
sensible,  spirited  gentleman;  he  appears  to  be  calculated  for  military  employment. 
Mr.  Lynch  was  much  fatigued,  and  said  but  little,  but  apjjcared  sensible  in  his 
inquiries   ivnd   observations."* 


•  Johnson's  Mfe  of  Oun.Uraone,  1822,  iiuarto,  vol.  i,  p.  39. 


APPENDIX. 


a 


w 


The  followins;  letter  to  Captain  Ward,  was  written  from  Cainbridgo  by  his  nncle, 
the  Secretary.  It  came  to  litrht  after  the  preeedinj;  pages  had  passed  through  the 
press,  and  is  an  exact  copy  of  the  ori};inal. 

Camukidge,  October  15lh,  1775. 
Deak  Nephew, 

I  last  Nijiht  rec'd  Letters  from  your  Father  who  is  well. .  I  left  Providence  on 
Thursday  &  tliere  saw  Mr.  Davids  who  was  at  your  Father's  House  on  Tuesday 
last.  The  Family  with  yonr  Aunts  (wlio  liave  moved  into  your  Fatlier's  House) 
Were  all  well.  Your  Fatlier  inlornis  nie  that  the  Conjiress  'Mve  received  such 
au. hemic  Intclliireiice  from  G.  Britain  as  convinces  tlicni  tliat  tlie  Ministry  are 
determined  to  nialte  a  vitrorous  Push  for  the  Conquest  of  the  Colonies,  and  the 
Ciiiidress  are  consequently  determinetl  upon  tlie  most  resolute  Measures. 

The  Army  here  is  in  Jii)j:li  Health  imd  Spirits.  And  notliinfi  is  wanted  to  enable 
them  to  drive  tlie  Fnemy  cut  of  Hoston  but  a  sufflcient  Quantity  of  Powder.  By 
the  I)est  Accounts  I  can  collect,  3000  Men  may  be  expected  at  Boston  very  soon  ; 
which  is  all  the  Force  that  will  i)rolmbly  come  this  Fall.  Should  it  please  God  to 
crown  the  Expedition  you  are  upon  with  Success,  I  need  not  press  you  to  use  yotir 
Endeavours  that  the  Army  miiy  behave  with  such  Prudence  as  to  conciliate  the 
Affections  of  the  Canadians.  This  is  all  the  Paper  I  have  wliieh  I  will  use  in  pray- 
ing God  to  bless  you,  and  assuring  you  that  I  am, 

jour  affee'e  Uncle, 

HENRY    WAEDi 

Capt.  "Ward. 


The  superscription  to  the  aix>ve  letter  is  as  follows : 

To 
Capt.  Samuel  Wabd, 

In  Col.  Arnold's  Army, 

QUEliEO. 

Favoured  by  Mr.  Price. 

The  day  subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  above  letter,  (Oct.  10)  General  Greener 
wrote  from  Prospect  Hill,  to  (Jovernor  Ward:  "  I  had  the  pleasure  to  he.ir  from 
your  son  Samuel,  the  26th  of  S<  ptember.  He  was  at  Fort  Weston,  just  jioinR  to 
get  off  on  his  journey.  AU  in  health  and  good  spirits.  I  had  the  same  appre- 
hensions with  ret;ard  to  Samuel's  health  and  stientith  to  endure  the  fatij^ues  of 
such  a  cainpai};n  as  you  had.  I  advised  him  to  decline  it ;  but  the  heat  of  youth 
and  the  thirst  of  glory  surmounted  every  obstacle,  and  rendered  reasoning  vain 
an<l  persuasion  fruitless.  Colonel  Christopher  Greene  is  gone  with  him.  His 
going  made  me  the  moi'e  readily  consent  to  your  son's  goinir.  I  gave  the  Colonel 
a  pariicular  charge  to  lend  him  a  helping  hand  in  every  ease  of  difficulty,  and  ho 
promised  that  his  aid  should  never  be  wanting.  By  several  letters  from  Quebec, 
things  wear  a  promising  appearance  there.  If  the  expedition  succeeds,  and  we  got 
possession  of  Canada,  we  shall  effectually  shut  the  back  door  agninst  them,  and  I 
make  no  doubt  of  keeping  them  from  entering  at  the  front.  You  may  depend 
upon  my  inflaenco  to  obtain  Charles  a  commission  in  the  now  establishment."* 

•  JohnBOu's  Life  of  Obh.  Qroene,  1822,  auarto,  vol.  i.,  p.  3!>. 


' 


lie) 
lio 

LT, 


"* 


APPENDIX.      \ 

THE  WARD  FAMILY.— Note  U, 
The  name  of  Waud  or  Warde,  is  of  Xonnaii  orif^in,  and  found  on  the  ancient 
Roll  of  Buttle  Abboy,  Engliuul,  as  given  by  Ducliesno,  Hollinshed  and  Lelanil. 
AuM8,  as  borne  by  the  Family  in  America,  and  originally  brought  over  from 
England.*  Azure,  a  cross  patonco  or.  Crest.  A  Wolf's  head  erased,  proper, 
langued  and  dentated  joules.    Motto.    Sub  cruee  salus. 

John  Ward,  (1)  who  had  been  an  offlcer  in  one  of  Cromwell's  cavalry  regiments, 
came  to  Amorlca,  from  Gloucester,  Enj^land,  after  the  accession  of  King  Charles 
the  II.    He     ttled  at  Newjjort,  R  I,  where  he  d.  in  April,  1698,  aged  79.  His  son 

I'liOMAS,   (2)  who  preceded  his  father  to  America,  married   1.  Mary ?,  by 

whom  ho  had  daughters,  Mary,  who  m.  Sion  Arnold,  son  of  Gov.  Benedict  Ar- 
nold, of  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  Margaret,  who  m.  Capt.  Robert  Writington;  m.  2. 
Amy  Smith,  (grand-daughter  of  Roger  Williams,)  and  died  September  Q.^th,  1(;5!>, 
aged  48.  He  settled  at  Newport,  about  1(W0,  and  Backus  (History  Baptists  i, 
516,)  says  'that  he  was  a  Baptist  before  he  came  out  of  Cromwell's  army,  and  a 
very  useful  man  in  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island.'  His  widow  (.\my)  afterwards 
married  Arnold  Collins,  and  their  son  Henry  Collins,  (called  by  the  late  Dr. 
Benjamin  Waterhouse,  "the  Lorenzo  de  Medicis  of  Rhode  Island,")  born  March 
25,  1699,  died  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  about  1770.  His  eldest  son  Thomas,  died  De- 
cember 22,  1095,  in  his  13th  year.    His  second  son 

(Hon.)  Richard,  (3)  born  April  15th,  1089,  married  Mary,  (daughter  of  John)  Til- 
linghast,  November  2, 1709;  was  many  years  Secretary,  and  afterwards  Governor 
of  the  State  in  17-U--3,  was  present  at  the  siege  of  Louisburg,  1758,  and  died  Aug- 
ust 21.  1703;  his  wife  Mary,  died  October  19,  1707,  in  her  78th  year.  Chihlrm: 
Amy,  bom  September  4th,  and  died  Oct.  22, 1710;  Thomas,  b.  October  21th,  1711, 
was  lor  many  years  Secretary  of  the  State,  which  ofiice  he  held  at  the  time  of  his 
death  December  21,  1700,  (for  issue  see  Coll.  R,  I.  Hist.  Soc.  iii,  310);  Mary,  b. 
December  10, 1713,  m.  Ebenezer  Flagg,  d.  May  21,  1781;  Elizabeth,  b.  Fob.  19, 
1715,  d.  Aug.  27, 1717;  Amy,  b.  July  'ilst,  1717,  m.  Samuel  Vernon,  of  Newport, 
R.  I.  and  d.  January  17,  1792;  Isabel,  b.  Sept.  19,  1719  m.  Jfuxford  Marchant, 
and  d.  February  5,  1808;  Hannah,  b.  Sept.  21,  1721,  d.  Dec.  27,  1783,  unmarried; 
John,  1).  Aug.  4,  1723,  d.  August  15,  1724  ;  Samui: l,  ( 1)  b.  May  27,  1725  ;  Mercy, 
b.  June  3,  1727,  d.  Oct.  25,  1730;  Margaret,  b,  Ai)ril  14,  1729,  m.  Col.  Samuel 
Freebody,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  January,  1705,  d.  June  27,  1705;  Richard,  b  Jan.  22, 
1730,  d.  Aug.  7,  1732;  Henry,  b.  Dec.  27,  1732,  in.  Esther,  (dau.  Thomas)  Freibo- 
dy,  of  Newport,  succeeded  his  brother  Thomas  as  Secretary  of  State,  which  of- 
fice ho  held,  by  successive  annual  re-elections  until  his  death,  November  25, 
1797,  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  leaving  one  daughter  Eiiz.ibeth,  who  in,  Dr.  Pardon 
Bowen,  of  that  city;  Elizabeth  b.  June  0, 1735,  m.  Rev.  William  Bliss,  of  New- 
port, and  d.  in  1815,  without  issue. 
(Gov.)  Samuel,  (4)  m.  Anne  (daughter  of  Simon)  Ray,  of  Block  Island,  also  a 
lineal  descendant  of  Roger  Williams,  December  20, 174.5.  He  died  of  small  pox 
at  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  March  2('i,  1770.  His  tombstone  at  Newport,  was  erect- 
ed by  the  State  of  Rhode  Island.  (For  other  particulars  see  note,  p.  83.)  His 
wife  d.  at  Westerly,  R.  I.,  December 3, 1770,  in  the  43(1  year  of  her  aue.  Chitdrcit: 
Charles,  b.  1747,  was  an  otlicer  in  the  Revolutionary  Army, d.  unmarried;  Han- 
nah, b.  1749,  d.  unmarried  1774;  Anna,  b.  1750.  m.  Ethan  Clarke,  and  d.  1790; 
Catherine,  b.  October  2,  1752,  m.  Christopher  Greene,  (brother  of  Gtn.  Nathan- 
ael  Greene)  and  left  two  daughters,  anel  d.    1781 ;  Mary,  b.   December  5,  1754,  d. 

*TUo  Arms  and  Crest  are  still  to  be  seen  uiigraveil  on  the  raonumcut  of  Gov.  Uichard  Ward  in 
Newport,  It.  I. 


APPENDIX. 


ISlS,  nnmanicd;  Samuel,  (5)  born  November  17,  1756;  Simon  Ri»y,  born  Octo- 
ber 4,  1700,  was  Licutcnnnt  in  Ucvoliitioniiry  Navy,  in.  Sarah  (iardner,  uiiU  died 
of  yellow  fever  in  West  Indies,  about  17U0,  leaving  two  daughters;  Ueborali,  b. 
October  12,  1708,  became  tlie  second  wife  of  Cliristoplior  Greene,  wlio  had  mar- 
ried lier  siat^r  Catherine,  and  d.  in  1835, at  Potowomut,  R.  I.;  Jolm,  born  July  2(i, 
17G2,  m.  i;iizal)eth  (daughter  of  Dr.  Ephraim)  Bowen,  of  Providence,  and  died 
at  Brooltlyn,  N.  Y.,  Scpteml)er,  182.'?,  without  issue;  Riclinrd,  b.  17(i4,  m.  Eiiza 
(daughter  of  Josepli)  Brown,  of  Providence,  wliero  he  died  October,  1808,  with- 
out issue;  Elizabeth,  born  17(i(i,  died  at  Warwieic,  R.  I.,  1783,  unmarried. 
(Col.)  Sa.muel,  (5)  married  Marcli  '20, 1778,  to  Phcbe,  daugliter  of  (lovornor  WIK 
liam  and  Catherine  Ray  Greene,  of  liliode  Island,  tlie  latter  a  daughter  of  Simou 
Ray,  and  noted  as  the  witty  correspondent  of  Benjamin  Franlilln.  For  full  ac- 
count of  Col.  Samuel,  seo«n/e  pp.  83—00,  &c.  He  died  in  New  York  City  Aug- 
ust 1(),  183-2.  t  His  wife  bo;n  March  20,  1700,  at  Warwick,  R.  I.,  died  October  11, 
1828.    Children: 

William  Greene,  born  April  1,  1779,  at  Warwick,  R.  I.,  died  August  17,  1798,  in 
New  York,  of  yellow  fever;  Samuel,  born  January  23, 1781,  died  November  13, 
178-);  Henry,  born  Sjptember,  1782,  died  l)ecenil)cr  3,  1783;  Henry,  (0)  Ijorn 
March  17, 1781;  Samuei-,  (7)  born  May  1,  1781!;  Anne  Catlierine,  l>orn  August 
19, 17S8,  died  Sept.  14,  1837,  unmarried,  Phebe,  born  July  17,  1791,  at  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  died  at  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  April  22,  1825,  Richard  Ray,  (S)  l>orn  in 
New  York,  Nov.  17,  1795;  John,  born  October  20,  17'J7,  died  March  31,  18i)0,  in 
New  York  City.  See  biographical  notice  page  89;  William  Gukenb,  (9)  Ijorn 
August  7,  1802. 
Henry,  (Gl  m.  September  2,  1818,  to  Eliza  Hall,  daughter  of  Dr.  Jonathan  Hall,  of 
Pomfret,  Conn.,  and  Bathsheba  Mumtbrd,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  grand-daugh- 
ter of  David  Hall,  D.  D.,  of  Sutton,  Mass.,  and  Elizabetli  Preseott,  of  Concord, 
Mass.,  the  latter  a  great  grand-ilaualuerof  Rev.  Peter  Bulkley,  famous  in  Cotton 
Mather's  Magnalia.  Mr.  Henry  Ward  had  a  great  tal"nt  for  music.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati  in  New  York.  '  Vote  p.  88,  He  died  in 
New  York  City,  July  20,  1838.      Onli/  Son  :    Hen-  --l,  born  in  tlie   City 

of  New  York,  senior  partner  of  Messrs.  Ward  &  -,-iny,  Bankers,  at  51, 
Wall  Street,  Now  York;  rresidcnt  of  the  New  York  Club;  Treasuier  of  tiie  New 
York  State  Society  of  Cincinnati;  and  senior  Director  of  tlio  National  Fire  lusu- 
rance  Company  of  New  York. 
Samuel  (7)  m  Jidia  Rush,  dau:;hterof  Benjamin  Cutler,  of  Jamaica  Plains,  M»!88. 
(sister  of  the  late  Rev.  Ur.  Benjamin  C.  Cutler,  of  St.  Ann's  Church,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  and  relative  of  Gen.  Francis  Marion,  of  Revolutionary  fame,)  in  October, 
1812.  He  liad  a  fine  gallery  of  Paintings  in  his  rcsi<lence  corner  of  Bond  street 
and  Broadway,  New  York,  (see  a// te  pages  S8  and  89,;  also  Memoir  of  Samuel 
Ward,  by  the  late  Cliarles  King,  in  l!ev.  Dr.  Griswold's  Biograpliical  Annual 
of  1811,)  and  died  November  27,  1839.  His  wife  died  November  11,  1821. 
Children:  *Samuol,  formerly  a  banker,  lately  a  diplomatist  and  poet;  Henry,  jr. 
d.  in  New  York,  1810,  aged  22;  Julia,  died  in  infancy;  Julia  (wife  of  Dr.  Samuel 
G.)  Howe,  now  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  the  lali  nted  authoress  of  "Passion  Flow- 
ers "  "Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic,"  etc. ;  Francis  Marion,  a  merchant,  diid 
in  New  Orleans,  Sept.  1817,  af;cd27;  Louisa  W.,  m.  1.  Thomas  Crawford,  the 
celebrated  Sculptor;  tn.  2.  Luther  Terry,  artist,  of  Rome,  Italy;  Anne  W.,  (wife  of 
Adolph)  Mailliard,  of  Bordentown,  N.  J. 
Rich  Alii)  Uav,  (8)  m.  November  3,  183-5,  Gertrude  Eliza  (dau.  of  Edward)  Dough- 
tv.of  New  York.  She  died  May  21,  18.')9.  He  is  a  lawyer  in  New  York.  (Sec  page 
89.)     Children:  Gertrude  Ray  and  Annie  Catrena. 

tin  Col.  Trumbull's  paiuting  of  the  Death  of  Montgomery  atQuebec,  the  middle  soldier  of  the 
three  grouped  in  the  left  foi-egrouiiil,  was  Oapt.  Ward.  The  artist  painted  tin!  picture  in  Ku« 
rtipe,  without  having  a  portrait  uf  Capt.  W.,  the  latter  being  at  the  tuuo  in  America. 


in.- 


d 


APPENT)IX. 


0 


\ 


■William  Gueenk,  (0)  m.  Abby  Maria  (dan.  of  Dr.  Jonatian)  TTnll,  of  romfrot, 
Conn.,  (iinil  sister  of  tho  eminent  lawyors  Duviil  V.  Hall,  iiiid  tlio  lite  .loimtlian 
Prcaeott  Hall,)  November  17,  1830.  lie  died  in  New  Yor!{,  July  22,  1818.  (See 
pajre  8'.).)    II(!  was  jmssessed  of  unnsual  business  eapaeity,  and  noted  for  his  cx- 

;  ccllentjudiimont  of  men  and  affairs,  llis  eneriiy  was  indoir.itable.  Mrs.  Al)by 
^raria  Ward,  above  named,  was  also  sister  of  the  late  Jliss  Anne  Hall,  the  artist, 
several  of  whoso  Miniatures  rival  those  of  Mall;   no  and  Isabey.      Clilhlren: 

*  VVilliam   Greene,   banker,  and  Brifj;.  Genl.  First  Uriaade,  First  Division  Na- 
tional Guard  of  State,  N.  Y.    (See  on^e  paj^es  8'J  and  S.IO.) 

*  Charles  Henry,  banker  and  amateur  artist. 
AnneCiitherine.dieil  in  her  5th  year,  April  1810.  .. 
John,  died  in  infancy,  January,  1838. 

John,  grailuated  Doctor  of  JSIedieine  at  Union  Medical  College,  is  a  lawyer, 
and  Colonel  of  12tli  Hegt.  National  Guard,  State  N.  Y. 

*  Frescott  Hall,  lawyer,  resides  at  present  (Oetober,  18iJ7,)  in  Europe. 

THE    DEFENCE    OF   MUD    ISLAND.    Notk  V,  Paic  78. 

"My  design  by  this  address  is  to  rescue  fron  seeming  inattention,  the  brilliant 
conduct  of  Colonel,  the  late  Major,  Thayer,  in  the  defence  of  Mutl  Islanc',  in  the 
river  Delaware,  from  the  12tli  of  November  until  the  lOtli  of  the  same  nionili,  in 
thb  year  1777.  To  a  person  unacquainted  with  th:>t  tiansaetioii,  all  the  i:lory  would 
be  ascribed  to  Col.  Smith,  of  the  Maryland  line.  lie  is  a  gcntloTnan  of  superior 
talents,  of  lino  sentitnenis,  virtuous  and  brave  !  He  commanded  the  garrison  on 
Mud  Island  from  the  latter  part  of  September,  excepting  a  few  days,  till  the  1 1th  of 
November,  when  the  command  devolved  upon  Lieut.  Col.  Russell,  of  the  Connecti- 
cut line.  The  fatigues  and  dangers  of  that  command  were  extreme.  Col.  Smith 
supported  them  with  uncommon  patience  and  fortitude,  but  yielded  to  hard  neces- 
sity. Lieut.  Col.  Kus  i,  an  amiable,  sensible  man,  and  an  e.xcellent  oftlccr, 
exhausted  by  fatigu.',  .md  totally  destitute  of  healili,  reqaosted  to  be  recalled. 

*  *  *  Miijo:  Thayer  presented  himself  as  a  volunteer.  The  offer  was 
accepted  with  inexpressible  satisfaction.  *  *  *  The  subscriber  was  per- 
sonally knowing  to  all  the  facts  before  related.  *  *  Should  any  of  these 
facts  be  disputed,  he  will  publish  an  attested  narrative,  which  will  silence  envy 
itself." — Letter  of  Gen.  James  M.   Varmmi  to  Bonnet  Wheeler,  Aurj.  '2    178i5. 

"On  the  11th  [November]  in  the  afternoon.  Col.  Smith  received  a  wound  in  the 
arm,  and  left  the  fort.  Lieut.  Col.  Russell,  of  Gen.  Varnum's  brigade  succeeded 
him  in  the  command.  On  the  13tli,  Major  Thayer  went  over  and  relieved  Col. 
Russell,  and  the  remainder  of  Col.  Smith's  men,  part  having  been  relieved  before, 
with  a  detachment  from  Colonels  Durkoy  and  Chandler's  regiments  of  Gen.  Var- 
num'8  brigade."— Zc«Br  of  Col.  Israel  Angell,  Feb.  17//i,1778. 

"  Congress  not  having  learned  that  the  commander  of  Mud  Island  had  been 
changed,  voted  that  an  elegant  sword  be  presented  to  Col.  Greeno,  of  the  Red  Bank 
Fort,  and  another  to  Col.  Samuel  Smith,  the  commander  of  tin  Island,  for  their 
brave  conduct  in  the  defence  of  their  several  posts.  Tlie  swords  were  to  be  made 
in  France,  and  a  year  or  two  elapsed  before  their  arrival  and  presentation,  when 
Col.  Smith  had  the  modesty  to  receive  the  one  which  was  justly  due  to  Mnjor 
Thayer,  and  but  for  the  mistake  made  by  Congress  in  the  name  of  the  ofiicer  who 
earned  it,  he  would  have  received  it."— Letter  of  John  Howland,  late  Pvenident  of 
the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society. 

•  Married. 


APPENDIX. 

Note  W— Pajje  xviii.  Introduction. 
On  the  22(1  of  November,  177'),  in  view  of  impcndinfr  <langcr,  Sir  Guy  Carlton 
issued  a  proclamation  at  Quebec,  onleriiii,'  persons  refusing  to  enroll  their  names  in 
tlie;.niilitia  lists,  or  to  take  up  arms  for  tlic  preservation  of  the  clt.v,  to  leave  tne 
place  within  four  days,  to;;etIier  witli  tlair  wives  and  cliiidren,  but  firbiddint;  tlieir 
carryin;?  away  any  pi'o\isions  and  stoies  bcloni^inj^  to  them.  Tliit  proclamation 
was  soon  after  travestied  in  verse  as  follows : 

OOD  SA\  13  THE  KINd. 

Whereas  I'm  rhas'il  from  place  to  place, 

Uy  rebels  void  of       scan  J  grace; 

Crowu  Point,  Montreal,  (^bamblee, 

By  Arnold  and  Montgomery, 

Fnim  OEOBaK  ai'd  Tetkr}  are  set  free, 

In  Kpitc  of  Indian.',  1> — /  and  me! 

In  arms,  before  our  oralis,  tlioy  reckon 

With  bombs  and  shells  to  fall  Quebec  o.i, 

To  burn  our  Saints  *  and  hang  our  lihUop, 

And  spoil  all  business  done  at  A/o  shop : 

Whereas  also  (c — so  on  ^uch  Catho- 

Llcp  as  those,  thoy  stir  niy  wnith  so) 

Some  wont,  and  some  who  did  onlist, 

And  carry  arms  of  latti  desist; 

Of  which  vile  mifcreaiits  t  thij  city 

Rided  must  bo,  let  who  will  j)ity, 

Within /(iH/- (/(///.v,  or  by  St.  Louis! 

They'l  tlnd  that  what  I  now  say  true  is; 

Bel'ore  tlicy've  counted  o"or  their  bewls. 

Or  paid  the  Priest,  or  said  their  creeds, 

As  sjiies  or  rehrls  up  I'll  strint;  'cm  , 

Till  to  tliflr  senses  I  can  bring 'em ; 

Each  one  who  wont  swear  he's  a  tory, 

I  sir — r  shall  go  to  /'urgr.-tory , 

There  to  reform  in  lim/m  jialrum, 

And  those  who  blame  me  may  go a"t>r 'cm. 

Let  tli0(«  who  go  take  wives  and  children, 

And  basf*-  forth  .irith  Into  the  wildern- 

Kss  'most  siivnpes,  God  Itnows, 

Tlipv'l  find  (oTrhier  frost,  ice  and  snowat 

LeaTing  liohind  all  their /)rfii'/s((>/i, 

Which  T  long  sine  hn»f  >\nd  "iy  wish  on  J 

And 'r'con/i' .(/,«();),  my  Ciimnilisary 

Sliall  talie  thereof  true  Inventory. 

(liven  lit  St.  Louis  (a.,^!n,  In 
Queltee,  ttie  year  of  Or.omiK  sixteen, 
Of  Dritain,  France  tt'id  Ireland  King, 
(Of /iWiiHbe  fiiith's  defender  Ix'ing, 
And  so  forth— by  me  Ouv  Carlton, 
Konnell'd  t  aud  toothlosii  yet  I  snarl  on. 

Witness  Ihrry  T.  Crahanu!, 
My  cathclic  liege  Secretary. 
Thus  onils  ourBuu,  and  t<'n  to  one  on't 
8oinc  ianhi  c  'II  jje'.  it,  and  malie  fun  on't. 


^Thel'ope.    *  Tniagos.    f  Unsound  In  fhlth.     }  Alluding  to  Ouy,  the  common  namo  of  a  dog 
aud  bis  belnii  drivuu,  with  his  blood  huuuds,  luto  Umi  wall'd  citv  of  Qiiub(>G. 


^\    r''^\    /»."= 


irlton 
lesin 
e  tiio 
their 
lation 


NDEX 


(log 


Adnms,  Ebonpzor,  of  R.  T.,  91. 

Anmld,  t.'"il.  hi'iiciliot,  Ix  x.  xiv,  xv,  1,  2,  5, 
7.  8,  10,  11,  l:i.  U.  !;■).  Hi.  17,  lS.l',t,20;  ciill.-il 
a  cimiicil  (il  wiir,  22  2'),  20,  2.S;  wouiulcd, 
ait;  liiH  tiviieh'Ty,  HI;  notice  of,  ix;  luttvr  to 
<j(Mi.  Woostcr,  xxlii. 

Ainiiicjjiiiitio  I,iik(>  rcuclifd,  12. 

Allen,  Col.  lOthaii,  viii. 

Allen,  ('ii]>t.,  (ltd Hill.,  viii. 

Aiijiell.  Colonel  Israel,  7i). 

Andrews.  Lieut.  Amos,  takon  prisoner,  31. 

Asliton,  Juseph,  cliuijuu  leader  fur  au  escupo, 
33,  !)3. 

Uatteaiix  fiU.'il  and  overcet.  9. 

lUilcli,  Nathaniel,  hatter,  78. 

Jieverly,2. 

Heny.  Mr.,  12. 

lleilel.  Colonel,  viii. 

Illdelow.  Major  Timothy   xii,  8, 12,  28|  taken 

l)risoner,  ;il ;  sketch  of,  i<0. 
Horn,  l.ieut..  37. 
Uoyd,  Thomas,  xii,  92. 

Ilrown,  .Majiir  dohn.  vi.  vii,21;  .sketch  of,  fil. 
Isrown,  J.liMit.  Samuel,  23;  taken  iirisoner,  31. 
Itnllen    Dr  ,  32. 
Burr,  Aaron,  a  volunteer,  xiil. 

Canada.  Inva.'sion  nf,  vll— xxlv. 

Carl.'ton.  (.en.,  xiv,  21.  22,  31,  3.J,  aS  39,  42, 
13;  humane  character,  41,  '.•! 

Carleton.  Majo,'.  3ti. 

Campbell   (loloni'l,  in  oominnnd.  29. 

CaMwell  Major,  19.  2i»,  23,  3i,  37. 

Canaan,  4. 

<'arver,  Capt.  .Tonathan.  71. 

Chandiere  river  reaclieil,  xli,  12. 

Cli.itlnim's,  Lord,  koii,  x. 

Champhiiu.  (apt.  .Sannie'  de,  viii. 

Cliee-emari,  (apt.,  killed   211. 

Chnllin  ((atlin)  (juurtenmuster,  taken  pris- 
oner, 31. 

Chuich.  Colonel  Thomas, 80. 

Clnnrli,  .  Lleul.,  0. 

Clarkson.  Capt  .  4H. 

Clittiin,  .lames,  xii. 

Chii'k,  Lieut  .loliii,  taken  prisoner,  31. 

Clinton   ColotH'l,  XX. 

Colhiiurn,  Capt..  93 

Copelln,  (apt.,  3,4,  10. 

<'onnnlssl<Mi     s  to  Canada,  xix. 

Conipo  mil,  .lattleof,  <;l 

Comjiston.  Lieut  ,  taken  [irlsoncr,  31. 

CouiH'il  of  War,  xl,  xii. 

Crone.  .Serjft.  Henry,  9.'!. 

CunnliiKhain,  lt(d)erl,  !I3. 

Denrliorn,  Cnpt.  Henry,  1,  15,  2«,  2!»;  tnkr^n 
iirinoiier,  31,  87;  excliaii|{ed,  43;  skelvh  of, 

l)>'\vev,  (juartennahler,  •'Q. 

DeadUher.  i". 

Devil's  Falls,  n.  • 

Ueining,  Uoloiiel,  of  FulrHehl,  nl. 


Dixon,  Serpeant,  killed,  20. 

l)>>UKlass,  1,'apt.,  3.). 

Uonop,  Count,  surrenders  to  Major  Thnyer, 

76. 
Duncan,  volunteer,  taken  prisoner.  31,  93. 
Drunken  sailor,  the  of,  29. 
Du;;j;eu.  (Ja|)t..  2i>. 
Duilee,  Uenjainin,  of  R.  I.,  91. 

Bnos,  Uoger,  Lt.  Col,,xii,  1,8,10,11,22:  no- 

tice  of.  Ul. 
K.xpedition,  oflicers  of  the,  i.x. 

Farri Upton,  Abel  49. 

Farrinjrton,  ('apt.  fliomas,  49. 

First  white  child  born  in  Nurridgcwock,  40. 

Francis.  Dr.  .)idi„  U'.,  88. 

Frost,  .lames,  of  K.  I.,  18. 

Fort  Western.  3 

Fort  Halifax,  arrived  at,  4;  built  by  tjen. 

.Shirley,  49. 
Foster,  I'apt.,  3S. 
Foy,  Capt.,  44,  45. 
Fry,  Colonel,  71. 

(iatdiel,  Nelu'in'.ah,  a  (juide,  12. 

Uoodricb,  ('apt..  1, 'J3  28;  taken prisonof, 31. 

(iihsou,  I'r    Ibonuis,  93. 

(iisdiile.  [fisdalel  Lieut  .I'\nies,  taken  pris- 
oner, 31.  93. 

tiilley,  .lohii,  dl"d  at  12J  years,  49. 

(ireene,  Cierieral  Niithanael,  7H. 

(■reene,  Christopher,  (Jol.,  ix,  xii,  1,  2,  9, 12, 
It;,  17.  18,  27.  28,  29;  taken  prisoner,  31; 
sketch  of.  !'i'2:  reci-lves  (lount  Donop,  7-'); 
Council  (d'>\ur  held,  xi,  xii,  10;  at  Uooky 
Hill  78. 

(ireene,  8ur(feon's  Mate.  Ix. 

tireer,  .Mrs.,  a  soldier's  wife.  21,  22. 

Hall,  .lidin,  betrays  the  plot  to  e.scnpe,  33. 

Ilambledon,  ('apt'..  37. 

ilunchet.  Capt  Oliver,  1,  18.  23,  25;  tttkeu 
prisoner.  81.  3.'i;  notice  of,  K>. 

Mart,  (IliH'V,  21. 

Haskell.  Caleb,  91. 

Hendricks.  Capt  William,  1,  ■?  24,  20,28, 20; 
sketch  of,  lAK 

lleiirv,  .lobii  .Io«eph.  1,'.:  sketch  of.  nH 

Heath,  |lletli|  Lieut.  William,  taken  pris- 
oner, HI.  '.ij. 

Howard,  F.s(|.,  .lames.  49. 

Home.  .John,  a  )!Uide.  12. 

Hubbnrd  Capt.  .lonas,  xv,  1,  28;  wounded 
ami  died,  :il .  sketch  of.  57. 

Hnmplirey,  Lieut.  William,  taken  prisoner, 
31.|io. 

Hun    lireys,  Lieut.  .loliu,  killed,  xv,2".t. 

Hiitci'in*,  l.iuut,  Katliuniel,  tukeu  prisoner, 

Henter,  sloop  of  war,  H'. 

Hyde,  Adjutant,  returim,  xll.         -  -  —  - 

Indians,  address  to,  xli. 


T 


{# 


104 


INDEX. 


Innis,  George,  drowned,  14. 
Innoculntioii,  32. 
Irvin,  Kn.si;;!),  ^^oiit  back  sick,  xii. 
Isis,  man-of-war,  37. 

Knox,  Col.  Henry,  48,  01 ;  his  opinion  of  Ma- 
jor Tliayer's  defence,  77. 

Lamb,  Capt.  Jacob,  28;  wounded,  20;  taken 
prisoner,  31,  32;  sketch  of,  00. 

Lafayette,  Maniuis  do,  78. 

Laveris,  Mr.  37. 

Li'Matre,  Major,  35. 

Li8t  of  officers  taken  Deo.  31, 1775,  40,  41 

List  of  the  killed,  wounded,  taken  prisoners, 
and  ■'  listed  in  the  King's  service  "  at  Que- 
bec, 9t),  97. 

Liviuf^Hton,  (lolonel,  viii;  ni>Hce  of  90. 

Lockwood,  Capt.  Samuel,  taken  prisoner,  31, 
32,34,  .3.^;  notice  of,  90. 

Lawtun,  Joseph,  45. 

Maiden,  2 

March  to  Newhuryport,  2. 

Massacre  at  Kort  William  Henry,  71— 75. 

Mi'tfnatic  lake,  21. 

Meijrs,  Heturn  J.,  Major,  xv.,  8, 17.  28;  taken 

prisoner,  31,  32,  37;  exchr.nged,  43;  sketch 

of,  ti3 
Mistake  of  historians  corrected,  02, 101. 
McFariln,  William,  42. 
Malion,  Dr.,  37. 
McCormlek,  .James,  3,  4S. 
McDougal.  Lieut.,  taken  prisoner.  31,  35,  36. 

Mctjuire  ,  taken  prisoner,  31. 

McDougal,  (apt., ;«. 

Merchnut,  (ieorRC.  xii,  02. 

McLaue,  ("ol.  34,  3ii,  OO. 

BIcCorniick,  John   kills  a  fcUow-soldier,  3. 

McCobh, ,  t'apt.,  .xii.  1   10. 

Montgomery,    (ien..    x.  21,  22,   23,   24,   20; 

killed  29;  notice  of  his  deatli,  xxiii;  sketch 

of,  <a 
Morgan,  ("apt.  Daniel  xv,  1.  9,  14,  19,  23,  24, 

2H,  20;  taken  jirisoner.Sl,  47;  emliarks  with 

his  men  in  hatteaux,40;  notice  of,  63. 
Mclvenzi(>,  Major,  ,35. 
McKenzie,  .Mr.,  taken  ])rlsoner,  18. 
Mcl'herson,  ('ai)t.,  killed,  29. 
Muster  roll  of  Caitt.  1  buyer's comp.iny,  94, 95. 
Murray,  Mr  ,  44,  45. 
Munroe,  Mr.,  .37. 

Natnnlfl,  his  brother  Spbafis  nn(^  other  In- 
dlauH  join  the  Kxpeditliin,  10;  daughter  of 
Sahatls,  60 

Nelx'pry,  IKebljiir]  Christiiin,  Adjutant, 
taken  prisoiwr,  31;  notice  of,  90. 

Nichols,  Lieut  Francis,  taken  prisoner,  81. 

Nichols,  Miinuel,  drowned,  13. 

Ninvcll,  (apt.  Moses,  48. 

Nurridgewock,  5. 

O'Brien,  Rruen,  Lieut.  Peter,  taken  prisoner, 

31. 
oniecrs  killed  and  scalped,  42. 
Ogdin.  Major  MutlhiiM,  xlli.  10, 11,  24. 
Uswalil,  <  apt.  Kleiuer,  taken  prisoner,  31; 

notice  of,  03. 

Tease,  .'<lnu'on,  of  U.  I.,  IB. 
I'ens  nuti  ink,  deprived  of,  83. 
I'etitionor  olllcerH,  39. 
retlti'in  ol'prlviites,  .'19. 
I'l'IcrKliani,  l.onl,  visit  ft-om,  30. 
rilclier   Itlary,  )ialluut  conduct  of,  77. 
l'orlerll<'ld,  ("liarlos,  Jr.,  taken  jirisoner,  31; 
notice  of,  92. 


Point-aux-Trembles,  arrived  at,  22. 

Quebec,  founding  of,  viii  j  assaulcupon,  xvlil ; 
besieged,  xx. 

Randall,  Lieut  ,  30. 

Kalle,  Father  .Sebastian,  50. 

lioiuan  Chapel,  5. 

Uussell,  Lieut.  Colonel,  at  Fort  Mifflin,  70. 

Hum  higli  price  of,  17. 

Sailed  for  Kennebec,  2. 
S.ivage,  Lieut.  Abijah,  taken  prisoner,  31. 
Sartigan,  incident  at,  ."ii,  8;  good  fare  at,  17. 
Seuter,  Dr.  Isaac,   x;  at  St.  Josepli's,  xiii; 

Journal  of,  25,  20;  sketch  of,  05. 
Severe  weather,  xvii. 
Seven  Island.s,  6. 
Schuyler,  (jcu.,  marches  to  invade  Canada, 

viii. 
Scott,  General,  at  Monmouth,  77. 

Scott,  ,  ("apt.,  xii,  1,  2, 10. 

Shaw,  Lieut.  Syfvanus,  taken  prisoner,  31  j 

killed,  90. 
Sick  sent  back,  9. 

Signals  for  sailing,  ApiM'udix,  47,  48. 
Simpson,  .Mr.,  (if  Norwalk,  01. 
Simpson,  Michael,  92. 
Slocum,  Lieut.  K<iward,  taken  prisoner,  81, 

90. 
Smith,  Colonel  Samuel,  75;  receives  a  sword 

from  Congress.  78. 
Smith,  Capt.  .Matthew,  1  25,  20,  28;  notice  of, 

(■/). 
Smith,  EnoK,  of  Killingly,  Ct.,  79, 
Smith,  Margaret,  72. 
.Snmll  pox  in  the  army,  xxi. 
Stark,  deueml,  Jchn,  78. 
Steele,  Lieut.  Archibald,  taken  prisoner,  31. 
Sorel,  town  of,  xx. 

Si)ring,  Itev.  .Samuel,  26;  sketch  of,  66. 
Sipihegan  Falls,  4. 

.Sullcrings  of  tlie  party,  12, 13,  14,  16, 18. 
Sullivan,  (ien.,  xxi,  48. 
Syllu,  Colonel,  at  Monmouth,  77. 

Tliayer,  Capt.  Simeon,  x,  xii,  1,  11;  taken 
l)risoner,  28;  rellectio.'s,  30,  31;  sails  for 
honie,  4.');  Ills  journal,  '7,  48;  sketcli  of, 
72—80;  hischiUlren,  79;  his  parole,  80. 

Tlionnis,  Gen  John,  xix,  x:;,  xxi;  sketch  of, 
80. 

Tlionms,  Lieut.,  taken  |n-isoner.  31. 

Thompson,  Gen.,  taken  jirisoner,  42;  to  go 
hi>nu'.  44 

Topliaiu,  Capt.  John,  x,  xii,  1,  2,  3,  10,  1.3, 
11.  15,  17,  18,  19,  21,  2;),  25,  20,  28;  token 
prisoner,  81 ;  sketch  of.  80. 

Traus])orts  arrivo  from  Halifax,  36. 

Troops  cross  the  St.  Lawrence,  19. 

Trumbull,  Col.,  xiil. 

Ward,  Capt.  Samuel,  xiil,  1,  28;  token  prls- 

oner.  31 ;  sketch  of,  H3— 00. 
W«rdfnmily,R4  >*9. 
Ware,  .losepli,  ("iirnal  of,  v,  13. 
Warner,  Col.  Silli,  viii,  xix. 
Warner,  Mrs  ,  a  soldier's  wife  21. 
Washington.  Gen.,  x,  1,3,  41,  48,  70;  letter  to 

Arnold,  xxiii. 
Webb,   Lt.  .Utnes,  19;  token  prisoner,  81; 

notice  of,  83. 
Wllllnms, ,  Capt.  xll,  1,  8, 10;  turned 

back,  10. 
Works  relating  to  the  InvAsion  of  Canada, 

Iv-vi. 
Wool,  Lieut.  Isaiah,  39. 


i 

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